Basic Data Children and Media 2015

Transcription

1 Basic Data Children and Media 2015 Current surveys and research on media use among children in Germany Compiled by Heike vom Orde (IZI) Page 1

2 Overview Media Ownership, Media Use and Importance of Media 3 Children and Television 18 Reading (to Children) in the Family 34 Computer, Internet, and Social Media 39 Children and Mobile Media (Mobile Phone, Smartphone, Tablet PC) 54 Page 2

3 Media Ownership, Media Use and Importance of Media Page 3

4 Media ownership in the homes of German children 2014 Devices in households 14- to 65-year-olds vs. families with 3- to 13-year-old children, percentages Household members years Household with children TV Computer/laptop Tablet PC Smartphone "ordinary" mobiles Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2014, p. 3. Basis: n=1,503 adults 14-64; n= 1,183 mothers of children 3-13 years Page 4

5 Mobile media find their way into households with young children Mobile devices in households with 3- to 13-year-old children years 8-13 years TV Computer Laptop Tablet PC Smartphone "ordinary" mobile phone 13 Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2014, p. 6. Basis: n=1,183 mothers of children 3-13 years. Page 5

6 Personal media ownership of German children 6-11 years, percentages Game console 53 Radio 49 MP3-player/iPod 36 obile phone/smartphone/iphone 31 TV 23 Computer/laptop 17 Video recorder/dvd player/dvr Source: FIM-Studie, mpfs 2012, p. 58. Basis: n=313, 6-19 years. Page 6

7 Personal ownership of TV, smartphones and mobile phones By age, percentages 60 Smartphone TV Mobile phone years 6-7 years 8-9 years years years Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2014, p. 11. Basis: n=1,183 mothers of children 3-13 years. Page 7

8 Preferred leisure activities of German children Leisure activities, selection, 2014, percentages Homeworking/learning for school Watching television Meeting friends Playing in the house Playing outside Listening to music Activities with the family/parents 9 67 Doing sports 7 61 Computer/console/online games Using the computer (offline) Using mobile phone (Nearly) every day Listening to the radio Once/several times a week Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 10. Basis: n=1,209, 6-13 years. Page 8

9 How do German children spend their pocket money? Children spend their pocket money on Selection, 2014, percentages Sweets, cookies, chewing gum 64.8 Mangas, magazines, comics 50.2 Food/fast food Ice-cream Beverages Chips, salty nuts Toys, games Stickers/collector's pictures Gifts for relatives/friends Cosmetics/body care Music CDs Mobile phone/smartphone costs Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 59. Basis: n=1,566, 6-13 years, children who get pocket money Page 9

10 Subjective significance of media of 6- to 12-year-olds Which of these devices is the most important one for you? Supported, percentages TV Smartphone Computer/laptop Tablet PC Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2014, p. 14. Basis: n=708 children 6-12 years. Page 10

11 Media attachement of preschoolers The child could not do without. According to parents of 2- to 5-year-olds, percentages Books Televison CDs/cassettes/MP3-Player years 4-5 years Computer/console/online games 4 Radio Source: minikim-studie 2012, p. 67. Basis: parents, n=632 Page 11

12 Media use by age groups Use daily/several times a week, selection, percentages Watching television Reading books/being read to Listening to CDs/cassettes Playing console games 6 46 Watching DVDs/videos/blu-rays years 6-11 years Source: FIM-Studie, mpfs 2012, p. 61. Basis: n=388, 3-19 years, parents statements for age groups 3-5 and 6-7 yearolds. Page 12

13 Media consumption: A comparison between 10- to 19-year-olds and total population in Germany Minutes per day, years Total: Adults and children from 10 years on TV Radio Video in total Sound recording media in total (1) Audiovisual media in total (2) Source: Media Perspektiven Basisdaten 2014, p. 70. Basis: Adults and children 10+, G+ EU, 5.00 a.m. to p.m., Mon-Sun; (1) record, cassette, CD, MP3 (2) incl. PC. Page 13

14 Downsides of media for children According to their parents, selection, 2011, percentages Several times Once Never before I don't know Commercials Vulgar Language Violence Terrifying contents % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: ZDF-Studie Jugendmedienschutz aus Sicht der Eltern, in: Hasebrink/Schröder/Schumacher 2012, p. 22. Basis: n=750 parents of 3- to 17-year-olds. Page 14

15 Parental concerns about media Proportion of parents who are concerned about their child s use of certain media By age of child, 2011, percentages years 6-7 years 8-9 years years Internet Television Games All media Source: ZDF-Studie Jugendmedienschutz aus Sicht der Eltern, in: Hasebrink/Schröder/Schumacher 2012, p. 20. Basis: n=750 parents of 3- to 17-year-olds. Page 15

16 Technical media literacy: self-assessment of parents and assessment of child Self-assessment very good (5-point scale), percentages 70 Self-assessment mothers Self-assessment fathers Assessment of child TV Game consoles Computer and internet Smartphones, tablet PCs Source: AOK-Familienstudie 2014, p. 39. Basis: n=1,503 fathers and mothers of 4- to 14- year-olds. Page 16

17 Content-related media literacy: Self-assessment of parents and assessment of child Self-assessment very good (5-point scale), percentages 60 Self-assessment mothers Self-assessment fathers Assessment of child TV Game consoles Computer and Internet Smartphones, tablet PCs Source: AOK-Familienstudie 2014, p. 40. Basis: n=1,503 fathers and mothers of 4- to 14-year-olds. Page 17

18 Children and Television Page 18

19 Parental permission to watch TV According to parents, by age, selection, 2011, percentages unrestricted permission not permitted/without permission permitted with restrictions does not apply/is not used 3-5 years years years years years % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: ZDF-Studie Jugendmedienschutz aus Sicht der Eltern, in: Hasebrink/Schröder/Schumacher 2012, p. 27. Basis: n=750 parents of 3- to 17-yearolds. Page 19

20 Development of TV viewing time: A comparison between children and adults Viewing time in minutes per day, in Germany Adults (14 years and older) Children ( 3-13 years) Source: AGF/GfK-Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU) In: Media Perspektiven Basisdaten 2014, p. 71. Basis: n=frg in total, children (3-13 years) and adults (14 years and older). Page 20

21 Development of TV viewing time by age groups Viewing time in minutes per day, by age, years 6-9 years years 3-13 years Source: AGF/GfK-Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Panel (D+EU). In: Feierabend/Klingler, 2015, p Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Page 21

22 How long do children stay in front of TV? Exposure time in minutes per day, by age group, years 6-9 years years 3-13 years Source: AGF/GfK-Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Panel (D+EU). In: Feierabend/Klingler 2015, p Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Page 22

23 TV use during the week By gender, viewing time, 2014, min./day 3-13 years Girls Boys Mo-Sun Mo-Thur Fr Sat Sun Source: AGF/GfK-Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Panel (D+EU), in: Feierabend/Klingler, 2015, p Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m., 3-13 years. Page 23

24 Television use by children and adults during the day Percentages, years years years years years and older Source: AGF/GfK, TV Scope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU), in: Feierabend/Klingler 2015, p Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Page 24

25 Favourite TV channels of 3- to 13-year-olds in Germany Selection, market share, percentages, Super RTL KiKA RTL Nickelodeon Dinsey Channel Pro Sieben Das Erste Sat. 1 Source: AGF/GfK-Fernsehforschung, TV Scope, Panel (D+EU), in: Feierabend/Klingler 2015, p Basis: n=frg in total, 3-13 years, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m., market share Page 25

26 The most popular TV programmes of German children in 2014 Unsupported answers (multiple answers possible), selection, percentages 6-9 years years Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p. 28. Basis: n=1,463, 6-19 years. Page 26

27 The most popular TV programmes of girls and boys in 2014 Unsupported answers (multiple answers possible), selection, percentages Girls Boys Cosmo und Wanda years SpongeBob 24 Schloss Einstein 12 Ninja Turtels; Garfield 12 Garfield 10 Coop gegen Kat 10 Die Sendung mit der Maus Hannah Montana; SpongeBob 9 8 Die Sendung mit der Maus; Cosmo und Wanda; Löwenzahn Schloss Einstein; Star Wars 8 7 DSDS years Die Simposons 37 GZSZ; Germany's Next Topmodel 17 DSDS; Navy CIS 11 Hannah Montana 13 Sportschau 10 Unter Uns 11 Schloss Einstein 9 Schloss Einstein 9 Gallileo; Ninja Turtles; Two and a Half Men 8 Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n=1,463 girls and boys, 6-19 years. Page 27

28 Favourite TV programmes of German preschoolers in 2012 What is your child s favourite TV programme? According to parents of 2- to 5-year-olds, percentages Unser Sandmännchen 8 30 Die Sendung mit der Maus 7 9 Bob der Baumeister 3 5 Jim Knopf 1 5 SpongeBob Schwammkopf 2 5 Kikaninchen 7 Sesamstraße years 4-5 years Source: minikim-studie 2012, p. 69. Basis: parents of children who at least watch TV from time to time, n=535. Page 28

29 Favourite TV characters of German preschoolers in 2013 # 1 SpongeBob 7.0 % # 2 Prinzessin Lillifee 6.2 % # 3 Bob the Builder 4.7 % # 4 Benjamin Blümchen, Barbie 3.9 % # 5 Die Maus (Sendung mit der Maus) 3.4 % # 6 Wickie 3.1 % # 7 Pippi Langstrumpf 2.9 % # 8 Sandmännchen 2.3 % # 9 Kikaninchen, Winnie Pooh 2.1 % # 10 Kim Possible, Yakarie 1.8 % Source: IZI-survey Die Lieblingsfiguren der Vorschulkinder (Favourite TV characters of German preschoolers), Basis: n=365 girls and boys, 3-5 years. Page 29

30 Top five of favourite preschoolers TV characters by gender in 2013 Selection, percentages Boys Girls Source: IZI-survey Die Lieblingsfiguren der Vorschulkinder (Favourite TV characters of German preschoolers), Basis: n=385 boys and girls, 3-5 years. Page 30

31 Favourite TV characters of German 6- to 12-year-olds # 1 SpongeBob Schwammkopf 5.1 % # 2 Bart Simpson 3.7 % # 3 Homer Simpson 3.2 % # 4 Prinzessin Lillifee 2.8 % # 5 Kim Possible 2.5 % # 6 Sally Bollywood 2.3 % Violetta 2.3 % # 7 Mr. Bean 2.2 % # 8 Garfield 2.1 % # 9 Dieter Bohlen 1.9 % Platz 9 Jake Long (American Dragon) 1.9 % Platz 9 Jessie 1.9 % # 10 Hexe Lilli 1.8 % Source: IZI-survey Die Lieblingsfiguren der Kinder 2014, Basis: n=726 boys and girls, 6-12 years. Seite 31

32 Top five of 6- to 12-year-olds favourite TV characters by gender in 2014 Selection, percentages Boys Girls Source: IZI-survey Die Lieblingsfiguren der Kinder 2014, Basis: n=726 boys and girls, 6-12 years. Seite 32

33 Watching television has a positive connotation for parents Statements about television by parents of 3- to 13-years-olds, by age of child, percentages My child is allowed to chose the TV programme for him/herself at times years 8-13 years It is nice when the family comes together while watching TV My child likes to watch TV at certain times of the day, this is a part of our daily routine After kindergarden/school/after school care my child is allowed to watch TV to relax or to switch off Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2014, p. 15. Basis: n=1,183 mothers of 3- to 13-year-olds. Page 33

34 Reading (to Children) in the Family Page 34

35 How often do parents read to their children? How often do parents read to their children, percentages every day 26 several times a week 44 one to two times a week 16 rarley 6 never Source: Stiftung Lesen/Deutsche Bahn/ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2013, p. 15. Basis: n=500, mothers and fathers Page 35

36 How often do children read? Percentages I read Total Girls Boys 16 (nearly) every day once/several times a week rarely never Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 26. Basis: n=1,209, 6-13 years. Page 36

37 Favourite magazines & comics of German girls in 2014 By age, selection, percentages 6-9 years years Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n=719 girls, 6-19 years. Page 37

38 Favourite magazines & comics of German boys in 2014 By age, selection, percentages years years Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n=744 boys, 6-19 years. Page 38

39 Computer, Internet and Social Media Page 39

40 Personal ownership and desire for ownership of a computer or laptop Percentages, Personal ownership Desire for ownership Total Boys Girls 6-9 years years Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 32. Basis: n=1,660, 6-13 years. Page 40

41 At what age have German children parental permission to surf the web? By age, selection, percentages unrestricted permission permitted with restrictions not permitted/without permission does not apply/is not used 3-5 years years years years years % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: ZDF-Studie Jugendmedienschutz aus Sicht der Eltern, in: Hasebrink/Schröder/ Schumacher 2012, p. 27. Basis: n=750 parents of 3- to 17-year-olds. Page 41

42 How often do German children surf the web? By gender and age groups, percentages, 2014 (Nearly) every day Several times a week Once a week Rarely Never Total Boys Girls years years % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 28. Basis: 1,660, 6-13 years. Page 42

43 How long do German children stay online? Percentages, by medium, in 2014 (Nearly) every day Several times a week Rarely Never Computer/Laptop Mobile/Smartphone Game console Tablet PC Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 34. Basis: n=766, 6-13 years, Internet users.. Page 43

44 How many 4- to 5-year-olds are already online? Percentages, 2014 (Nearly) every day Several times a week Once a week Rarely Never 1.9 Total Boys Girls % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 68. Basis: n=397, 4-5 years, parents statements. Page 44

45 By the age of 10 nearly all children are online Do you use the Internet at least sometimes? Average duration of Internet use in minutes, answers with yes as percentage % 94 % 22 min. per day 98 % 99 % 100 % 59 min. per day 93 min. per day 115 min. per day min. per day % 11 min. per day years 8-9 years years years years years Source: Bitkom Research 2014, p. 3. Basis: n=962, 6- to 18-year-olds. Page 45

46 What do German children- in comparison to German adolescents- do online? What do you do online at least sometimes? Multiple answers possible, selection, percentages 6-7 years years Playing online games 56 Using social networks 85 Watching/downloading movies/videos 55 Watching/downloading movies/videos 85 Listening to/downloading music 16 Information seeking (for school, education) 83 Information seeking (for school,education) 12 Listening to/downloading music 80 Calling somebody e.g. with Skype 11 Chatting with friends/aquaintances 76 Information seeking (for leisure time) 5 Information seeking ( for leisure time) 68 Source: Bitkom Research 2014, p. 5. Basis: n= 830, 6- to 18-year-old Internet users Page 46

47 The most popular websites of German children Unsupported answers, top 3, by age and gender, percentages Boys Girls toggo years kika 38 kika 23 toggo 31 youtube 20 Wendy years youtube 50 youtube 34 toggo 20 facebook 22 facebook; wikipedia 18 toggo 19 Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n= to 19-year-old girls and n=623, 6- to 19-year-old boys who use the Internet. Page 47

48 How many children have their own profile in a social network? By age, selection, percentages Yes No I don't use the Internet 6-7 Jahre Jahre Jahre Jahre % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n=1,463, 6-19 years. Page 48

49 Social networks start to get relevant by the age of 12 Multiple answers possible, percentages Watching movies/videos Information seeking for school Using social networks Online shopping years 8-9 years years years years years Source: Bitkom Research 2014, p. 6. Basis: n=830, 6- to 18-year-old Internet users Page 49

50 Most parents control the Internet use of their children Which of the following statements apply to you? Selection, percentages My parents ask me not to post too much personal information online My parents explain to me what is and what isn't allowed online My parents regularly talk with me about my online experiences I'm only allowed to spend a certain amount of time online years 8-9 years years years Source: Bitkom Research 2014, p. 12. Basis: n=830, 6- to 18-year-old Internet users. Page 50

51 At what age do parents allow their children to play computer/console games? By age, selection, percentages unrestricted permission not permitted/without permission permission with restriction does not apply/is not used 3-5 years years year years years % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: ZDF-Studie Jugendmedienschutz aus Sicht der Eltern, in: Hasebrink/Schröder/ Schumacher 2012, p. 27. Basis: n=750 parents of 3- to 17-yearolds, Page 51

52 How often do German children play computer/console games? Percentages, 2014 (Nearly) every day Once/several times a week Rarley Never Total Girls Boys Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 53. Basis: n=1,209, 6-13 years. Page 52

53 The most popular games (PC, console or online) of German boys and girls 2014, up to 3 selections possible, percentages 12 FIFA 1 20 Super Mario Mario Kart 4 8 Total Girls 12 Boys 8 The Sims Minecraft Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 56. Basis: n=909, 6-13 years, users of PC/ console/online games. Page 53

54 Children and Mobile Media (Mobile Phone, Smartphone, Tablet PC) Page 54

55 By the age of 10 most children have their own smartphone Which of the following devices do you use at least sometimes? Percentages TV Computer/laptop Tablet PC Smartphone years 8-10 years years years years years Source: Bitkom Research 2014, p. 2. Basis: n=962, 6- to 18-year-olds. Page 55

56 Everyday mobile phone use of German children Functions of mobile phone used (almost) every day, selection, by gender, percentages Receiving SMS/MMS Sending SMS/MMS Getting called by parents Calling somebody Getting called Girls Boys Calling the parents Use of the Internet Playing games Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 48. Basis: n=751, 6-13 years, owners of a mobile phone.. Page 56

57 Do mobile phones replace meeting friends in personal? How do German children contact their friends (almost) every day? 2014, Selection, percentages Personal meeting (n=624) 63 Sending SMS/MMS (n=550) 50 Online chat (n=317) 43 Online community (n=347) 35 Make a phone call (n=624) 23 Sending (n=384) Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 51. Basis: 10-to 13-year-olds, who use the medium regularly. Page 57

58 Mobile Internet use increases with age Going online using different devices, by age, supported answers, percentages 6-9 years years years 45 Computer/laptop Mobile phone/smartphone/ipone Tablet-PC, e.g. ipad Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2014, p Basis: n=1,463, 6- to 19-year-olds. Page 58

59 German children feel attracted to mobile media devices German children s interests for media devices, 6-12 years, according to their mothers Top Two (5-point scale), percentages Television 91 Computer/laptop with Internet access 64 Tablet PC, ipad 56 Smartphone, mobile phone with touchscreen 44 Source: Guth 2012, Mediennutzung heute, p. 4. Basis: n=773 mothers of 6- to 12-year-olds; device available in household. Page 59

60 Picture book apps and children s book apps are well received by most parents How often do parents watch picture book apps or children s book apps with their children? Percentages Several times a week or daily At most once or twice a week Rarely 38 We used it only one time 13 Source: Vorlesestudie 2012, p. 12. Basis: n=82 parents who watched at least once a picture book app or a children s book app with their children.. Page 60

61 How many children and pre-teens download apps? Have you ever downloaded apps for your mobile phone/ipod touch/ipad etc.? By age, percentages Total 8-9 years years years years Source: Trend Tracking Kinds 2014, p Basis: 2013: n=1,458; 2014: n=1, years. Page 61

62 Most used apps of 11- to 19-year-olds: Overlap with favourite websites Which website is your favourite and which apps do you currently use the most? Selection, percentages Favourite websites (Computer/ laptop) Most used apps facebook 60 facebook 56 youtube 42 whatsapp 34 schuelervz 17 youtube 10 wikipedia 7 angry birds 8 Source: elements of art / iconkids & youth 2012, p. 7. Basis: n= to 19-year-old Internet users; n= to 19-year-old app users. Page 62

63 Tablet PC: Personal ownership and desire for ownership of 6- to 13-year-olds Selection, percentages, 2014 Personal ownership Desire for ownership Total Boys Girls 6-9 years years Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 32. Basis: n=1,660, 6-13 years. Page 63

64 What do children do with their parents tablet PC? Child is allowed to use parents tablet PC, percentages 4- to 5-year-olds 6- to 13-year-olds Playing games 79.4 Playing games 83.4 Studying 28.3 Studying 49.9 Watching movies/videos 52.1 Information seeking 43.4 Listening to music/audio books 28.4 Watching movies/videos 42.3 Source: KidsVA 2014, p. 38 and 72. Basis: n=84 4- to 5-year-old children and n=257 6-to 13-year-olds who use their parents tablet PC Page 64

65 Use of tablet PC by the child (alone/with parents) According to parents, by age of children, percentages (Nearly) every day Once/several times a week Rarely Never I don't know Total years years years years % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Source: KIM-Studie 2014, p. 43. Basis: Parents who have tablet PCs available in the household, n=235. Page 65

66 Sources AOK-Familienstudie Forschungsbericht des SINUS-Instituts. Teil 1: Repräsentativbefragung von Eltern mit Kindern von 4 bis 14 Jahren. URL: (last access: ). Bitkom Research: Pressekonferenz Studie Kinder und Jugend 3.0. Berlin, 28. April URL: (last access : ). elements of art / iconkids & youth: Die mobile Internetnutzung der jungen Zielgruppe. Studie zur Nutzung des mobilen und stationären Internets bei 11- bis 19-jährigen Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Mönchengladbach September Feierabend, Sabine; Klingler, Walter: Was Kinder sehen. Eine Analyse der Fernsehnutzung Drei- bis 13-Jähriger In: Media Perspektiven, 4/2015, pp URL: (last access: ). Guth, Birgit: Mediennutzung heute. Wie gehen Kinder mit der Konvergenz um? Vortrag Kinderwelten Fachtagung URL: (last access : ). Guth, Birgit: Alles was zählt. Aktuelle Trends der Mediennutzung von Kindern. Vortrag Kinderwelten Fachtagung URL: (last access : ). Hasebrink, Uwe; Schröder, Hermann-Dieter; Schumacher, Gerlinde: Kinder- und Jugendmedienschutz aus der Sicht der Eltern. In: Media Perspektiven 1/2012, pp URL: (last access : ). iconkids & youth: Trend Tracking Kids München URL: (last access : ). Page 66

67 Sources Internationales Zentralinstitut (IZI) für das Jugend- und Bildungsfernsehen: Die Lieblingsfiguren der Vorschulkinder Survey conducted by iconkids & youth. Munich: unpublished report Internationales Zentralinstitut (IZI) für das Jugend- und Bildungsfernsehen: Die Lieblingsfiguren der Kinder Survey conducted by iconkids & youth. Munich: unpublished report KidsVerbraucherAnalyse 2014 (KVA). Berlin: Egmont Ehapa URL: (last access : ). Media Perspektiven Basisdaten. Daten zur Mediensituation in Deutschland Frankfurt am Main, Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest (mpfs): FIM-Studie Familie, Interaktion & Medien. Stuttgart: mpfs URL: (last access : ). Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest (mpfs): KIM-Studie Kinder + Medien, Computer + Internet. Stuttgart: mpfs URL: (last access : ). Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest (mpfs): minikim Kleinkinder und Medien. Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 2- bis 5-Jähriger in Deutschland. Stuttgart: mpfs URL: (last access : ). Stiftung Lesen; Deutsche Bahn; DIE ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2012: Digitale Angebote neue Anreize für das Vorlesen? Repräsentative Befragung von Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 8 Jahren. URL: (last access : ). Stiftung Lesen; Deutsche Bahn; DIE ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2013: Neuvermessung der Vorleselandschaft. Repräsentative Befragung von Eltern mit Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 8 Jahren. URL: (last access : ). Page 67