How To Breed Hondurasian Grapevine Varieties

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1 Grape breeding in Hungary: old and new varieties (What Hungary added to the world of viticulture)

2 Perhaps it has happened not by chance that in the fields of rootstock breeding, clonal selection, table and wine grape breeding Hungary has deserved international appreciation and these results have been proved to be very influential in more cases.

3 Briefly I would like to introduce the Hungarian grapevine breeding history, traditions in order to regard rootstock, white wine varieties, red wine varieties and table grapes. In Hungary the breeding of native and imported vine varieties began about the time when the Phylloxera appeared (1875).

4 The grapevine breeding has started with the selection of more valuable stock. They were propagated via seeds (generative) or by canes (vegetative). We think that most of the unknown origin, traditional hungarian variety were developed and selected out of seed population by growers. Furmint Ezerjo Kovidinka Kékfrankos

5 Cross breeding startedintable grape varieties. Pioneer work was done by the Mathiasz brothers. Janos Mathiasz wanted to develop varieties of early ripening, big, attractive clusters, big, savoury berries and good transportability.

6 Breeders, their table grape varieties in ripening order Breeder Variety Earliest Latest Adolf Stark Pearl of Csaba Sándor Szegedi Sándor Szegedi Pál Kocsis Sándor Szegedi Ferenc Póczik Sándor Szegedi János Mathiász János Mathiász Pál Kozma István Lubik János Mathiász Pál Kocsis Sándor Szegedi Favorit Boglárka Irsai Olivér Narancsízű Pannónia kincse Kósa Mathiász J-né mus. Queen of the vineyard Kozma P-né mus. Anita Cegléd szépe Attila Téli muskotály August September October (Hajdu, E., 2002.)

7 Chasselas Queen Victoria White X Calabriai fehér Muscat Ottonel X Chasselas rouge défoncé Ezeréves Magyaro. emléke Erzsébet királyné emléke (J. Mathiasz, 1900) X X Duc of Buccleuch Bronnerstraube Pearl of Csaba (A. Stark, 1904) X Chasselas bl. croquant Muscat Ottonel Attila (P. Kocsis, 1917) X Rosa menna di vacca Chasselas rouge royal X Mathiasz J-né muskotály (J. Mathiasz, 1902) Chasselas Queen Victoria White X Queen of the vineyards (J. Mathiasz, 1916) X Cegléd szépe (J. Mathiasz, 1903) Favorit, Narancsízű (S. Szegedi, 1950) Génuai zamatos X Pannónia kincse (F. Póczik,, 1942) Boglárka (S. Szegedi, 1963) (Hajdu, E., 2002.)

8 Hungarian table grape varieties are grown: In Italy Queen of the vineyard In Russia Irsai Olivér In almost every grape growing country Pearl of Csaba

9 The following varieties were developed from Queen of the vineyard Aurora - in Argentina; Bien donné, Roselle - in South Africa; Delight, Perlette, Early Muscat - in USA; Ithaki, Thermi - in Greece; Banatsky Muscat, Radmilovacki Muscat - in Yugoslavia; Apirena Bruni - in Italy; Augrevata, Napoca, Splendid - In Romania.

10 Fungus resistant table grape varieties Variety Origin Degree of resistance Palatina Pölöskei muskotály Teréz Downy mildew Powdery mildew Gray rot Roter brenner Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Queen of the vineyard Zalagyöngye (SV x Pearl of Csaba) x (Gloria Hungariae x Erzsébet) Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Olimpia Eszter Villard blanc (SV 12375) x Early Magaracs Fanny Villard blanc (SV 12375) x (Téli muskotály x Olimpia) Nero Villard blenc (SV12375) x Gárdonyi Géza (Kozma, P., 2002.)

11 Rootstock breeding Phylloxera resistant and lime tolerant rootstock varieties were developed by Zsigmond Teleki and by his son Sandor Teleki at the end of the 19th century. Zsigmond Teleki ordered grapevine seeds from Euryale Rességuier from France from V. berlandieri plantation because of the prohibition of vine import due to black rot disease at that time.

12 He was born in Villány on 23 September He was eager to develop his farm, especially finding a suitable rootstock for chalky soil. Zsigmond Teleki

13 The groups of Teleki s rootstock seedlings according to Károly Bakonyi 1 2 Vinifera types, these were not propagated because of their weak growing habit. 3 4 A hairless internode bronze shoot tip male flower S.O.4 female flower 5BB bronze shoot tip 5 A Riparia hairless internode G.K.67 type female flower G.K.62 green shoot tip male flower 5C 6 A hairless internode green shoot tip female flower G.K.1 7 B hairy internode bronze shoot tip 8 B Berlandieri hairy internode bronze shoot tip type male flower 125 A, 127 female flower 125 AA female flower Cosmo 2, 10, G.K.10 male flower Durlach 50,52, G.K.9 9 B hairy internode green shoot tip female flower Barr 503, A Rupestris hairless internode bronze shoot tip male flower T.10A type

14 The Teleki s rootstock plantation was famous all around Europe 5 BB rootstock block Teleki 8 B rootstock block in cultivation

15 Teleki s rootstocks grouped by Franz Kober A hairy shoot bronze shoot tip female 125 AA, 8AA male 125 A, 127 A B hairless shoot bronze shoot tip female 5 BB, 127 BB C hairy shoot green shoot tip female 27 CC male 19 ACC D hairless shoot green shoot tip? 105D

16 Rootstock clones or varieties selected from Teleki s plant material Nussberg 5 BB, 125 AA (from Teleki s 10 groups), Wienerneustadt 148 Wi, Freiburg Fr (from 5BB), Wadenswil 5C Wed., (from 5C), Geisenheim 5C Gm6, 5C Gm10 and 5C Gm13, (from 5C), Weisberg Wei.48, (from 5BB), Durlach N o 50, 51 and 52, (from 8 B), Kreser R 7, R 27, R 43 and 8-35, (from 5BB), Oppenheim SO4 and SO8, (from Teleki 4 A), Barr Barr 503 and 520, (from Teleki 9B), Conegliano Cosmo 2 and Cosmo 10, (from 8B), Craciunal Blaj Cr. 2, Cr. 26 (from 5BB), Cr. 71 (from 8B), Villany 5C (from Teleki 5A).

17 Georgikon 28

18 Georgikon 103

19 Georgikon 251

20 Wine variety breeding In Hungary a national grapevine breeding programme was started in The Research Stations of the Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology (Badacsony, Eger, Kecskemét, Pécs, Tarcal) and the University of Agriculture, Keszthely joined to the programme.

21 Selection Three types of selection were applied: mass selection, clone type and clonal selection. Varieties with high agronomic potentials and grown on large areas were involved at first, like: Ezerjó, Olasz rizling (Riesling Italico), Kadarka, Blaufrankisch (Franconian), Blauer Portugieser.

22 Steps of clonal selection Steps Place Comparison basis I. step Mother stock Mean of mother stocks Plant number Duration years II. step Clone plot standard years III. step I. Propagation degree II. Propagation degree III. Propagation degree Clone field Prebase field Basic vineyard Certified plantation standard years Selection basic Variety maintenance Selection basic ha Variety maintenance Selection basic 1-10 ha Variety maintenance

23 Clones of traditional hungarian varieties Clone Qualification year Location of selction Furmint Kt Tarcal Furmint P Pécs Furmint T Tarcal Furmint T Tarcal Hárslevelu Tarcal Hárslevelu P Pécs Hárslevelu T Tarcal Kovidinka K Kecskemét Italian Riesling B Badacsony Italian Riesling B Badacsony Italian Riesling B Badacsony Italian Riesling GK Keszthely Italian Riesling GK Keszthely Italian Riesling GK Keszthely Kadarka Kt Kecskemét Kékfrankos Kt Kecskemét

24 Cross breeding The aim of cross breeding is to improve the unfavorable characteristics of the varieties. The most success was in the breeding of white wine grape varieties. Breeders managed to increase yielding potential (early harvest and wood ripening), frost and winter tolerance of buds, to improve sugar content and aroma of berries and colour (pigments, anthocyanins) in red grape wines.

25 Grapevine breeding institutes in Hungary Corvinus University, Faculty of Horticulture Science (CUFHS), Budapest; Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, - - Badacsony (RIVE Badacsony) - Eger (RIVE Eger) - Kecskemét (RIVE Kecskemet) - Pécs; (RIVE Pécs) - Tarcal (RIVE Tarcal) University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Keszthely (Georgikon).

26 Vitis vinifera originated white wine varieties Variety Parentage Year of cross and state qualification Harvest data (day of the year - kg/m 2 sugar g/l) Variety owner (Leading breeder) Cserszegi fuszeres Irsai Olivér x Red Traminer Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi) Ezerfurtu Hárslevelu x Red Traminer RIVE Kecskemet (Andras Kurucz) Karát Kovidinka x Pinot gris RIVE Kecskemet (Andras Kurucz) Korona Juhfark x Irsai Olivér Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi) Mátrai muskotály Izsáki x Muscat Ottonel CUFHS (Pál Kozma) Nektár Judit x Cserszegi fűszeres Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi) Pátria Rozália Italian Riesling x Red Traminer Italian Riesling x Red Traminer Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi) Georgikon (Karoly Bakonyi) Zefír Hárslevelű x Leányka RIVE Eger (Ferenc Király) Zenit Ezerjó x Bouvier RIVE Eger (Ferenc Király) Zéta Bouvier x Furmint , RIVE Tarcal (Ferenc Király) Zeusz Ezerjó x Bouvier , RIVE Badacsony (Ferenc Király)

27 Vitis vinifera originated red wine varieties Variety Parentage Year of cross and state qualification Harvest data (day of the year - kg/m 2 sugar g/l) Variety owner (Leading breeder) Bibor kadarka Kármin Rubintos Turán Kadarka x Muscat Bouschet Petit Bouschet x Kadarka Blaufrankisch x Kadarka (Teinturier x Kadarka) x (Medec noir x Pearl of Csaba) CUFHS (Pál Kozma) RIVE Kecskemet (Andras Kurucz) CUFHS (Pál Kozma) RIVE Eger (Jozsef D. Csizmazia)

28 Pearl of Zala Resistant white wine grape varieties (SV x Pearl of Csaba, 1957) Resitance to downy mildew 6 Powderymildew 4 Grey rot - 8 Bianca (SV x Bouvier, 1963) Resitance to downy mildew 7 Powderymildew 7 Grey rot - 3

29 Pearl of Viktória Resistant white wine grape varieties (SV x Pearl of Csaba, 1966) Resitance to downy mildew 7 Powderymildew 7 Grey rot - 8 Csillám (SV x Csabagyöngye, 1966) Resitance to downy mildew 7 Powderymildew 5 Grey rot - 5

30 Resistant red wine grape varieties Pearl of Danube (Seibel 4986 x Pearl of Csaba, 1966) Resitance to downy mildew 5 Powdery mildew 6 Grey rot - 6 Medina (SV x Blue Medoc, 1957) Resitance to downy mildew 5 Powdery mildew 7 Grey rot - 8 Nero (SV x (Blue Medoc x Csabagyöngye), 1970) Resitance to downy mildew 5 Powdery mildew 7 Grey rot - 8

31 Percentage of utilization of new varieties out of the total Variety Cserszegi fuszeres Ezerfurtu Karát Zefír Zenit 1, Zéta Bibor kadarka Turán Favorit Kozma P-né muskot Resistant varieties Bianca Pearl of Zala Pearl of Viktória Pearl of Danube Nero Pölöskei muskotály

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34 Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention!