Application and Exploration of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor to the Analysis of Thymus Species

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1 13 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs S Yo Oh 1,2, Sug-Su Park 3, a Jogk Hog 1 1 Collg of Pharmacy, Kyug H Uvrsty, Soul 13-71, 2 Aroma Aalytcal Laboratory, KOSMO NF Co., Lt., Soul 52-5, 3 Grauat School of Cultural Iustry, Sugsh Wom s Uvrsty, Soul , South Kora 1. Itroucto Thymus s a aromatc a mcal plat of crasg mportac hortcultur a coomcs. Thymus s a gus of about 35 spcs of aromatc pral hrbs th famly Lamaca (mt famly), a atv to Europ, North Afrca a Asa. Its sstal ol has fou vrs applcatos pharmacy a mc. Its volatl pholc ol, for xampl thymol a carvacrol, has b rport to hav atbactral, atmycotc, atoxatv, a mammala ag layg proprts. Also thymus srvs as a flavorg agt for a varty of foo proucts a us as a atsptc agt for ts atmcrobal proprts [1-3]. Th cott of sstal ol vars rastcally wth clmat, tm of harvst a storag cotos [4-6]. For may yars, GC a GC-MS hav b us wly for th charactrzato of th volatl aroma compots thymus spcs. Howvr, tratoal GC mtho rqurs svral rout solato procurs clug solvt xtracto [7, 8], stam stllato [9, 1], a smultaous stllato xtracto [11]. Ths mthos volv xcssv mapulato of th sampl, a vry costly, tm-cosumg procur, ar lmt aroma corrlato, a o ot allow o-l masurmts whch may la to aquat rsults. Rctly, haspac sol-phas mcroxtracto (HS-SPME) as a succssful solvt-fr samplg tchqu has b trouc for purpos of aroma aalyss [12, 13]. Espcally, aroma aalyss mas rap a smpl procur, bcaus w aroma compots may ars from chmcal a bochmcal ractos promot by hat a oxato cotos. Also, aromas ar usually compos of complx mxturs of may volatls, huma ssory valuato by tra palsts s mportat aroma aalyss. Howvr, t has may lmtatos whch volv a vry xpsv, tm-cosumg procur, a subjctvss of xprt. Thrfor, th vlopmt aalytcal mtho whch provs rap, smpl, low-cost procur a th clar rlatoshp btw thr ssory mpacts s o of th most srabl subjcts aroma chmstry. A fw yars latr, a w tchqu, bas o th fast gas chromatography comb wth ucoat hgh quartz surfac acoustc wav ssor (GC/SAW, znos) [14-17] appar to b o of th sutabl mthos. Its prcpl has may smlarts comparatv to th huma Sourc: Acoustc Wavs, Book t by: Do W. Dssaayak, ISBN , pp. 466, Sptmbr 21, Scyo, Croata, owloa from SCIYO.COM

2 3 Acoustc Wavs prcpto systm. Th avatags of GC/SAW clu smplcty, ral-tm tcto of volatls, o-structv, portablty a lowr costs comparso to a portabl GC-MS. Fast GC/SAW prmts quatfcato a pattr rcogto by fragrac pattr, call a VaporPrt rv from th frqucy of a SAW ssor. Morovr, goo sstvty at th hgh pcogram to aogram lvl maks t possbl to tct sstv aroma matrals quattatvly [15, 18]. Th mtho valato of GC/SAW a aaptablty to a varty of applcatos wr rport our prvous papr [18]. Statstcal aalyss mthos clug prcpal compot aalyss (PCA) hav b succssfully appl for th qualty cotrol a classfcato of varous hrbal mcs or aroma plats. PCA aalyss a hrarchcal clustrg aalyss (HCA) as pattr rcogto aalyss volvs th scrmato of chromatographc ata of hrbal xtracts or aroma plats wth smlar spcs [19, 2]. Pattr rcogto aalyss bas o th chromatographc ata ca prct a valuat th qualty cotrol of aroma plats. Th am of ths stuy s to show th applcato a xplorato of th vlop GC/SAW mthoology to th aalyss of th volatl aroma composto profls amog thymus spcs orr to trouc ths avatagous altratv aalytcal tchqu pharmacy, mc, a hortcultur. 2. Exprmtal 2.1 Matrals Thymus (T. ququcostotus, T. ququcostotus var. japoca, T. mogolcus, T. srpyllum) plats grow arby Pocho cty, Kyugg-Do South Kora wr collct by suy ay samplg Sptmbr. Th gographcal orgs of T. ququcostotus a ts varty ar from South Kora. T. mogolcus s Northastr Asa, a T. srpyllum s Europ. Th mcal plat matral cossts of stm a lavs whch ar raw, laps for 5 ays at 5 C a ar-r for 13 ays or 16 moths. All staar chmcals of aalytcal gra wr purchas from Sgma-Alrch (St. Lous, Mo, USA) a Tokyo Kas (Nhobash, Tokyo Japa). Orgac solvts of a chromatographc gra wr obta from J.T. Bakr. Th commrcally avalabl carbox-vylbz-polymthylsloxa (CAR-DVB- PDMS) SPME fbr (flm thckss, 5/3 µm) was purchas from Suplco (Bllfot, PA, USA) a us. 2.2 GC/SAW (znos) scrpto GC/SAW (41 vapor aalyzr, Elctroc Ssor Tchology, Nw Bury Park, USA) compos wth th fast gas chromatograph a surfac acoustc wav ssor s us to tct vapors of th volatl orgac compous. Th GC/SAW s spcally sstv to low coctratos. Th ucoat pzo-lctrc quartz crystal SAW (Surfac Acoustc Wav) ssor [14] rprsts a w class of GC tctor. Th spcfcty of th ucoat SAW ssor s bas upo th tmpratur of th crystal surfac a th vapor prssur charactrstcs of th cosats. At a gv crystal tmpratur, aalyts wth w pots closr to th crystal tmpratur wll tract a b tct bttr tha thos wth w pots wll abov th SAW tmpratur. Th hgh Q crystal s cotact wth a thrmolctrc lmt, whch cotrols th tmpratur for coolg urg vapor asorpto a for hatg urg clag of th crystal a oprats by matag hghly focus a rsoat surfac acoustc wavs of 5 MHz o ts surfac.

3 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs GC/SAW aalytcal cotos a procur About 1. g of ach ar-r thymus sampl was wgh to a 4-ml glass val sal wth a scrw cap cotag a Tflo/slco spta. Th capp val was allow to qulbrat wth th haspac th val ur th 6% humty a 24 C for 1 h just bfor aalyss. GC/SAW utlzs two stps to aalyz vapors: th samplg procss a th jcto procss. Th haspac vapor s swpt at 3 ml/m va a pump to th lt, th th vapor passs through th valv whr th compous ar asorb oto th Tax trap s th systm. Swtchg th valv to th jcto procss causs hlum gas to flow backwars through th Tax trap a oto th colum. Durg th jcto procss, th Tax trap s hat raply to 2 C to sorb th matral. Dtals of ths procur wr rport our prvous papr [18]. GC colum was hat from 32 C to 12 C at a rat of 3 C/s a th samplg tm was 1 s. Hlum (99.999%) was us as a carrr gas at 3.2 ml/m (.53 ml/s). 6% cyaopropyl phyl polymthylsloxa (DB-624, J&W Sctfc, Folsom, CA, USA, 1 m x. mm..,. µm flm thckss) fus slca capllary colum was us. Th st-up tmpraturs wr at 3 C for ssor, 13 C for lt port, a 11 C for valv. Trplcat masurmts pr val wr carr out. All aalytcal procurs wr complt wth 3 s. Th shortr total tm-to-rsult pr sampl allows svral rplcat aalyss of a sampl. 2.4 Haspac sol-phas mcroxtracto (HS-SPME) About 2. g of ar-r thymus sampl was plac -ml val sal wth a alumum cap cotag a Tflo /slco spta. Th capp val was kpt to qulbrat ur th humty of 6% a 24 ºC for 1 h bfor HS-SPME samplg. Th carbox-vylbzpolymthylsloxa (CAR-DVB-PDMS) SPME fbr (flm thckss, 5/3 µm) was us bcaus t was most ffct amog th varous typs of fbr for most volatl orgac compous [12, 21]. Th SPME fbr was xpos to th haspac abov th thymus sampl val at 24 ºC for 1 h. Aftr asorpto, th SPME fbr was rtract from th sampl val a mmatly srt to th jcto port of th GC-MS whr thrmal sorpto was prform at 24 ºC for 1 m. 2.5 GC-MS aalyss Th sampl aalyss was carr out wth a Thrmoqust-Fga o trap GC MS (Aust, Txas, USA) qupp wth 6% cyaopropyl phyl polymthylsloxa (DB-624, J&W, 3 m x. mm.., 1.4 µm flm thckss) a a Hwltt-Packar 689 Srs GC systm wth a Aglt 5973N Mass Slctv Dtctor (Aglt Tchologs, Wlmgto, DE, USA) qupp wth 5% phyl polymthylsloxa (Ultra 2 colum, Aglt, m x. mm..,.33 µm flm thckss). Th ov tmpratur was tally mata at 5 C for 3 m a th programm to 22 C for 5 m at a rat 5 C/m. Ijctor a trasfr l, a quarupol tmpraturs wr st at 24 ºC, ºC, a 15 ºC, rspctvly. Hlum (99.999%) was us as a carrr gas at 1. ml/m. Th sampl was jct ur splt mo (splt rato 1:3). Th mass spctromtr was ru th lctro mpact (EI) mo wth lctro rgy at 7V, scag th amu. Th o sourc tmpraturs of o trap GC-MS a quarupol GC-MS wr mata at 2 C, 23 C, rspctvly. Trplcat masurmts pr val wr carr out.

4 32 Acoustc Wavs 2.6 Data aalyss for pattr rcogto Data trasformato for pattr rcogto was prform usg MS Excl. Fft compots wr chos bas o th corrspog GC/SAW a HS-SPME-GC-MS profl. Espcally, fft compots such as -p, camph, -myrc, p-cym, -trp, trpol, cs-sab hyrat, camphor, borol, -trpol, thymol mthyl thr, thymoquo, thymol, -caryophyll a -bsabol wr fou as charactrstc compots GC/SAW a HS-SPME-GC-MS profl. A th th rspos of ach pak was appl from th trplcat masurmts. Fally, pattr rcogto tchqus hav b us for th scrmato of th matrals. Prcpal compot aalyss (PCA) s a pattr rcogto tchqu a statstcal aalyss. PCA was also carr out usg MVSP. 3.1 vrso (Kovach Computg Srvc, Aglsy, Wals) orr to classfy thymus spcs. 3. Rsults a scusso 3.1 Itfcato of volatl hrbal aroma compous for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs by GC/SAW By usg fast GC/SAW, volatl hrbal aroma profls for thymus spcs wr obta. Th matrals squtally xt from th colum a thy la a stck o th SAW ssor. Wh a aalyt asorbs o th surfac of th ssor, th frqucy of SAW ssor s altr, whch affcts th tcto sgal rct proporto to th amout of cosat. Fg. 1(A)-(E) shows chromatograms of volatl aroma compous for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs. Th ara of ach pak s corrlat to ts coctrato a s xprss frqucy couts (Cts). Th tfcato of ach aroma compous show by GC/SAW was carr out by comparso wth authtc staars a GC MS aalyss a thr rlatv proportos (% total amouts) ar summarz Tabl 1. Th hrbal aroma compots of thymus spcs cosst mostly of mootrp hyocarbos ( -p, camph, -myrc, a trpol), oxygat mootrps (cs-sab hyrat, camphor, borol, -trpol, a thymoquo), a mootrp phol (thymol), mootrp phol prcursors (p-cym a -trp), a mootrp phol rvatv (thymol mthyl thr) a ssqutrps ( -caryophyll a -bsabol). Th groupg of compous has a mportat mag as rsposbl for th charactrstc aroma of thymus. Fft compous wr tf, spcally T. ququcostotus spcs, whch ar from Jju a Mt Gaya South Kora, th charactrstc, stctv compots such as p-cym (26.4%, 24.2%), -trp (1.3%, 1.5%), a actv thymol (29.%, 33.1%) wr costtut 65.7%, 67.8% of th total amouts, rspctvly. I ato, oxygat mootrps such as cs-sab hyrat (.6%,.7%), camphor (6.6%, -), borol (4.7%, 5.7%) a thymoquo (11.6%, 12.5%) wr costtut 23.5% a 18.9% of th total amouts as th scoly most abuac, rspctvly. Lssr amouts of mootrp hyrocarbos: -p (.9%,.8%), camph (.9%, -), -myrc (5.3%, 3.3%), trpol (1.2%, 2.4%) wr costtut 8.3% a 6.5% of th total amouts, rspctvly, a -caryophyll (2.5%, 6.8%) as ssqutrp was also fou. T. ququcostotus var. japoca spcs s a varty of T. ququcostotus a ts gographcal org s Ulrug sla South Kora. p-cym (15.8%), -trp (9.%), a thymol (33.5%) wr also fou as charactrstc compots a costtut 58.3% of th total amouts. Also, oxygat mootrps (32.3%), mootrp hyrocarbos (5.5%), a ssqutrps (3.9%) wr fou.

5 Tabl 1. Composto a tfcato of aroma compots for ar-r for 13 ays a 16 moths of thymus spcs by GC/SAW Pak No. t R (s) Compou Jju, Kora *Ttatvly tf by comparso of GC/MS. : ot tct. % fgurs ar thr rlatv proportos as prct of total amout (Cts), %(RSD), =3. Th charactrstc compous ar cat bol. T. ququcostotus (%) Mt. Gaya, Kora T. ququcostotus var. japoca (%) Ulrug sla, Kora T. mogolcus Colum: DB-624 (6% cyaopropyl phyl polymthylsloxa, 1 m x. mm x. μm) fus slca capllary colum was us. (%) Northastr asa T. srpyllum (%) Europ 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M a α -P.9(4.86) 1.1(5.72).8(5.89) 1.5(5.43).9(7.63) 1.4(1.49) b Camph.9(7.2).5(1.41).5(7.66).5(5.2) 1.(4.53) 1.6(1.23) c β -Myrc 5.3(8.24) 4.5(4.1) 3.3(4.62) 2.9(3.49) 3.1(6.5) 3.3(1.85) 9.5(2.2) 14.3(14.74) 7.(4.38) 3.9(.69) 14.5 p-cym 26.4(1.48) 29.(1.19) 24.2(7.69) 3.2(.3) 15.8(7.57).1(1.58) 2.8(5.17) 3.6(18.63) 15.8(4.52) 3.4(11.42) γ -Trp 1.3(7.17) 9.2(1.8) 1.5(7.31) 1.6(.11) 9.(8.65) 12.4(7.99) 4.2(6.12) f 16.3 Trpol 1.2(6.34) 1.(4.36) 2.4(9.54).7(7.69) 1.(3.9).4(4.3) 3.4(3.) 2.3(7.49) 2.(6.38) g cs-sab hyrat *.6(5.83) 1.3(8.65).7(5.63) 2.4(1.67).4(4.23).3(3.18) 2.1(2.3) 1.5(5.59) 2.4(2.28).5(26.33) h 19.2 Camphor 6.6(3.8) 2.4(9.1) 1.4(9.27).8(.1) Borol 4.7(3.) 3.6(5.85) 5.7(1.74) 3.1(5.85) 18.4(1.24) 9.6(1.71) 21.(4.94) 2.(6.7) 5.8(3.77) 6.3(3.4) j 2.56 α -Trpol 41.8(6.26) 35.9(7.78) 8.1(1.64) k Thymol mthyl thr * 12.7(5.19) 17.5(18.27) l Thymoquo 11.6(4.41) 16.9(3.83) 12.5(5.33) 18.6(3.56) 13.5(5.81) 18.4(3.86) 5.3(7.65) 17.1(12.57) m Thymol 29.(2.28) 27.5(1.27) 33.1(5.47).8(4.8) 33.5(4.8) 24.1(.73) 34.1(3.8) 1.1(37.71) β-caryophyll 2.5(1.79) 3.(6.11) 6.8(1.6) 4.2(2.68) 1.5(2.39) 1.9(2.2) 11.3(4.48) 12.9(12.96) 3.5(.94) 1.5(17.67) o 3.8 β-bsabol * 2.4(2.4) 2.6(1.84) 7.1(.96) 7.9(1.19) 5.8(8.55) 12.8(1.94) Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 33

6 34 Acoustc Wavs Grally, thymol, pholc mootrp, fs th sstal ol qualty bcaus of ts actv pharmacologcal proprts. It was rport that -trp a p-cym ar th prcursors of pholc mootrps such as thymol a carvacrol T. vulgars by Gragr a Passt [22]. It was also propos that -trp assums a mportat rol th aromatzato whos prouct s p-cym. Thy rport that p-cym s th prcursor of thymol by hyroxylato T. vulgars L. plat [23]. Morovr, th coctrato of p- cym a -trp ar fou to vary cocc wth th varato thr corrspog pholc mootrp proucts [24] a -trp crass ts coctrato a p-cym crass th sstal ol []. I T. mogolcus spcs (th org of Northastr Asa), actv pholc mootrp (thymol) a ts corrspog mootrp hyrocarbo prcursor ( -trp) wr ot fou, whras oxygat mootrps, such as borol (21.%), -trpol (41.8%), wr tf as charactrstc promat compous a costtut 62.8% of th total amouts. T. srpyllum spcs (th org of Europ) cota almost th sam chmcal compots wth thos of T. ququcostotus. Espcally, a mootrp phol rvatv (thymol mthyl thr: 12.7%) was oly fou as charactrstc compot. It was ttatvly tf by comparso of ts GC-MS ata, bcaus ts rfrc staar s ot commrcally avalabl. 3.2 Dscrmato of thymus spcs usg VaporPrt mag bas o GC/SAW By comparg th rlatv cotts, chmcal composto for charactrstc compots of ar-r for 13 ays of T. ququcostotus spcs whch ar orgat from Jju a Mt. Gaya South Kora wr almost sam: th actv mootrp phol (thymol: 29.%, 33.1%), ts corrspog prcursors (p-cym: 26.4%, 24.2%, -trp: 1.3%, 1.5%) a oxygat mootrps (borol: 4.7%, 5.7%, thymoquo: 11.6%, 12.5%). It s trstg to ot that th compots fou th sam spcs of ffrt gographcal org sam coutry ar almost sam. Also, th proporto of such compots s sam. Th GC/SAW provs a vsually rcogzabl fragrac pattr (VaporPrt mag) rv from th frqucy of SAW ssor. Ths mag s crat by trasformg th tm varabl to a raal agl wth th bgg a of th aalyss. Ths mag trasfrs th olfactory rspos to a vsual rspos [18]. Ths fragrac mags ar a usful for comparg lcat ffrcs of varous thymus spcs for spcs tfcato. Th fragrac pattrs for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs ar show Fg. 1(A')-(E'). As show Fg. 1(A') a (B'), ths sam spcs prst almost sam fragrac pattrs. I ts varty spcs (th org of Ulrug sla South Kora), th most compots ar smlar chmcal compostos btw orgal a ts varty, spcfc compots whch ar p-cym (orgal spcs: Jju 26.4%; Mt. Gaya 24.2%, ts varty spcs: 15.8%), borol (orgal spcs: Jju 4.7%; Mt. Gaya 5.7%, ts varty spcs: 18.4%) wr show a ffrt compostos. Also, -bsabol (2.4%) was fou atoally varty spcs. Thrfor, such ffrcs sm to rsult a small ffrcs fragrac pattr (Fg. 1(A') a (C')). T. srpyllum spcs (th org of Europ) cota almost sam chmcal compots wth thos of T. ququcostotus, but show a substatal ffrt chmcal compostos: actv thymol (T. srpyllum : 34.1%, T. ququcostotus : Jju 29.%; Mt. Gaya 33.1%), actv thymol prcursors (T. srpyllum : 2.%, T. ququcostotus : Jju 36.7%; Mt. Gaya 34.7%), oxygat mootrps, (T. srpyllum : 14.9%, T. ququcostotus : Jju 23.5%; Mt. Gaya 18.9%), a ssqutrps (T. srpyllum : 9.3%, T. ququcostotus : Jju 2.5%; Mt. Gaya 6.8%) wr fou

7 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs c a b f g m (B) 1 c f a g a b c Fg. 1_jogk Hog f g Tm (s) h l l l m m o (A) (C) g ( )_j g g j (D) (A') -Caryophyll Thymol Camphor 24.5 Borol Thymoquo -Trp 1.5 p-cym (B') -Caryophyll Thymol 24.5 Borol Thymoquo -Trp 1.5 p-cym (C') 28. -Bsabol 7. -Caryophyll Thymol 24.5Thymoquo p-cym 1.5 Borol -Trp (D') 28. -Bsabol b c f o g Caryophyll -Myrc 24.5 Borol 1.5 -Trpol (E) Bsabol 3.5 (E') 28. -Caryophyll 7. 1 Thymol p-cym Thymoquo 24.5 Thymol mthyl thr 1.5. c f g h k l m Tm (s) Fg. 1. Comparso of chromatograms for varous thymus spcs by GC/SAW. (A) T. ququcostotus, Jju, Kora; (B) T. ququcostotus, Mt. Gaya, Kora; (C) T. ququcostotus var. japoca, Ulrug sla, Kora; (D) T. mogolcus, Northastr Asa; (E) T. srphyllum, Europ; (A )-(E ) thr corrspo fragrac pattrs usg VaporPrt. Pak tts: a, -P; b, Camph; c, -Myrc;, p-cym;, -Trp; f, Trpol; g, cs-sab hyrat; h, Camphor;, Borol; j, -Trpol; k, Thymol mthyl thr; l, Thymoquo; m, Thymol;, -Caryophyll; o, -Bsabol. o

8 36 Acoustc Wavs, rspctvly. Thrfor, stctv ffrcs sm to rsult a substatal ffrcs fragrac pattr (Fg. 1(E')). As a rsult, t tur out that ach spcs has ow charactrstc fragrac pattr owg to ts ow chmcal compostos a ts ow charactrstc fragrac pattrs ar coucv to spcs tfcato. 3.3 Comparso of GC/SAW a HS-SPME-GC-MS mtho for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs Th compostos of aroma compous of thymus spcs xtract by HS-SPME usg CAR/DVB/PDMS fbr a th aalyz by GC-MS ar prst Tabl 2. Thr GC- MS total o chromatograms ar show Fg. 2. Th alphabtc umbrs of paks show Fg. 2 corrspo to th umbrs cat GC/SAW chromatograms (Fg. 1). Ths rsults ar comparabl to thos gv by GC/SAW, clug th charactrstc compots a chmcal composto. Ffty-four compous wr tct by HS-SPME-GC-MS. 5 m (A) l Rlatv Abuac 5 1 a b 23 c f g h 16 j k o37 38 (B) 1 l a b c f g j k o Tm (m) Fg. 2. Comparso of chromatograms for varous thymus spcs by HS-SPME-GC-MS. (A) T. ququcostotus, Jju, Kora; (B) T. ququcostotus, Mt. Gaya, Kora; (C) T. ququcostotus var. japoca, Ulrug sla, Kora; (D) T. mogolcus, Northastr Asa; (E) T. srphyllum, Europ. m

9 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 37 5 m (C) l Rlatv Abuac o 1 9 a b c g f 16 j 3 k c j (D) o b 1 11 a 13 g f h k 2 l Tm (m) 5 (E) Rlatv Abuac k 2 Fg. 2. Cotu l m 23 o 1 a b 2 c 7 9 g 1 13 f h Tm (m)

10 38 Acoustc Wavs As show Tabl 3, charactrstc compots a aalytcal tcy for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs tct by GC/SAW a HS-SPME-GC-MS ar smlar, but th abuac ratos btw ths two mthos ar ffrt. I T. ququcostotus spcs, mootrp phols (thymol, carvacrol) a mootrp phols prcursors (p-cym, -trp) wr also omat (76.%) lk GC/SAW (66.8%). But, th amouts of total mootrp phols ar 11.7% by HS-SPME-GC-MS, 31.1% by GC/SAW a mootrp phols prcursors ar 64.3% by HS-SPME-GC-MS, 35.7% by GC/SAW. I comparso of T. ququcostotus var. japoca spcs a ts orgal spcs, ths rsults show smlar aalytcal tcy wth GC/SAW. For stac, p-cym crass from 46.3% to 22.2% by HS-SPME-GC-MS a from.3% to 15.8% by GC/SAW (a avrag valu s cat bol) (Tabl 1 a 2). Whl oxygat mootrp crass from 11.3% to 17.6% by HS-SPME-GC-MS a from 21.2% to 32.3% by GC/SAW. I T. mogolcus spcs, th charactrstc a omat compots ar borol a -trpol smlar to th rsults by GC/SAW. But, th amouts of borol a -trpol ar 8.% a 31.% by HS-SPME- GC-MS; 21.% a 41.8% by GC/SAW, rspctvly (Tabl 1 a 2). Itrstgly, th sgfcat amout of thymol mthyl thr a carvacrol mthyl thr whch ar ot almost fou othr spcs wr fou T. srpyllum spcs. Th amouts ar 2.5% by HS- SPME-GC-MS a 12.7% by GC/SAW. 3.4 Compostos of volatl hrbal aroma compous of thymus spcs of laps for 16 moths by GC/SAW Th compostos of volatl hrbal aroma compous of thymus spcs of laps for 16 moths xtract by GC/SAW ar prst Tabl 1. As a rsult, accorg to laps for 16 moths, thr ar slghtly ffrcs th rlatv quatts of thr charactrstc costtuts tha thos of 13 ays: T. ququcostotus spcs a ts varty, actv thymol prcursor p-cym crass from.3% to 29.6% a from 15.8% to.1%, rspctvly, whras actv thymol crass from 31.1% to 26.7%, 33.5% to 24.1%, rspctvly (a avrag valu s cat bol). Howvr, for T. srpyllum spcs, thr appars stctv ffrcs compar to thos r for 13 ays: p-cym also crass from 15.8% to 3.4% a thymol substatally crass from 34.1% to 1.1%, whl thymol prcursor -trp s ot fou a ssqutrp -bsabol crass 2 tms. I T. mogolcus spcs, -trpol as th charactrstc a omat compot also slghtly crass from 41.8% to 35.9%. 3.5 Prcpal compot aalyss for GC/SAW a HS-SPME-GC-MS rsposs of thymus spcs Fg. 3(A) shows prcpal compot aalyss (PCA) for GC/SAW rsposs of ar-r for 13 ays a 16 moths of thymus spcs. PCA wr carr out usg MVSP. 3.1 vrso orr to classfy th thymus spcs. As a rsult, a goo classfcato amog four ffrt spcs: T. ququcostotus, T. ququcostotus var. japoca, T. mogolcus, a T. srpyllum was obta. Atoally, th classfcato of sam spcs whch ar from ffrt gographcal org sam coutry, classfcato of orgal spcs a ts varty for T. ququcostotus, classfcato as a ar-ryg trm for 13 ays a 16 moths for T. ququcostotus show goo rsults. I ths rsults, t tur out that scrmato of varous thymus spcs by usg VaporPrt mag bas o GC/SAW ar vry clar, whch was rproucbl ata pots show Fg. 3(A).

11 Tabl 2. Composto a tfcato of aroma compots for ar-r for 13 ays a 16 moths of thymus spcs by HS-SPME-GC-MS Pak No. Compou T. ququcostotus T. ququcostotus var. japoca T. mogolcus T. srpyllum Jju, Kora Mt. Gaya, Kora Ulrug sla, Kora Northastr Asa Europ 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 1 α-thuj.5(43.49) 1.1(56.74) 2.(15.79) 1.5(16.1) 1.5(9.42) 1.2(18.5).4(13.58).4(.7) 1.3(15.9).7(5.1) a α -P.3(37.48).8(77.41).9(14.34).7(22.82) 1.2(9.).9(24.64) 1.7(15.2) 1.3(27.1).8(1.52).4(7.44) b Camph.7(67.69) 1.1(85.93).6(31.3).3(28.2) 1.4(18.31) 1.1(28.2) 2.6(13.67) 2.1(.67) 1.3(19.92).3(4.7) 2 Sab <.1.1(59.31).1(3.99).1(16.68).1(18.85) <.1 1.2(16.96).9(21.75).2(28.19) <.1 3 β-p <.1.2(73.76).2(16.7).1(23.88).2(2.86).2(24.77).5(22.47).5(27.).2(23.38).1(4.89) 4 1-Oct-3-ol 2.2(4.4) 1.4(22.21) 1.2(11.).2(1.22) 2.(13.8) 5 3-Octao.3(53.59).2(26.58).1(14.84) 1.5(1.16).4(13.13) c β -Myrc.5(.79) 1.7(17.33) 1.2(12.58) 1.5(4.93) 1.1(4.97) 2.2(3.) 24.8(8.59) 23.5(11.52).9(4.8).4(1.13) 6 3-Octaol.1(41.3).1(23.45).1(12.17).3(15.29).2(9.74) 7 α-phllar 1.9(24.48).2(32.5).4(18.93).2(9.36).6(14.1).3(8.64) 1.7(19.86) <.1 8 δ-3-car.1(5.19).1(13.68).1(14.99) <.1 9 α-trp 1.4(36.43) 2.7(28.75) 2.2(22.64) 2.5(7.38) 1.8(5.92) 2.6(6.66).1(16.3).1(3.69) 1.4(18.89).5(7.56) 1 Lmo.4(45.29).9(35.81).4(13.16).9(13.86).5(24.61).9(1.27) 2.3(23.) 2.4(9.28).4(19.8).6(3.34) p-cym 38.1(33.) 32.7(36.98) 54.5(23.41) 39.6(12.64) 22.2(18.11) 21.3(12.27) 3.2(14.68) 2.5(5.47) 39.9(6.7) 43.2(1.31) 11 1,8-Col 2.1(14.4) 2.1(19.48).1(4.9) 12 cs-β-ocm.1(18.48).1(3.85) 13 tras-β-ocm.1(33.44) <.1 <.1.1(9.59).1(4.41) 1.(15.18).7(11.57).5(16.85).4(3.32) γ-trp 13.9(34.11) 16.2(22.84) 22.1(9.3) 15.7(3.1) 13.7(13.9) 13.8(4.66) 1.3(14.61) 1.2(11.52) 11.4(17.2) 2.9(5.33) 14 tras-sab hyrat 1.3(46.89) 1.1(21.89) 1.(13.1) 2.(6.65).5(2.68) f Trpol.3(32.7).4(57.43) <.1.3(22.47).1(9.98).3(1.42).2(1.12).2(11.34).1(23.26).1(7.2) Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 39

12 Tabl 2. Cotu Pak No. g Compou cs-sab T. ququcostotus T. ququcostotus var. japoca T. mogolcus T. srpyllum Jju, Kora Mt. Gaya, Kora Ulrugo, Kora Northastr Asa Europ 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 1.(51.74).3(49.71) 1.(16.72).3(26.1) 1.1(15.47).3(11.) 1.8(7.31).7(9.59) 1.3(19.89).5(2.58) 31 hyrat 15 Lalool.2(13.57) h Camphor 4.5(41.59) 2.7(63.5) <.1.3(5.47).2(5.53).8(9.78) 1.1(7.45) 16 α-trp-4-ol 1.1(45.81).6(47.48).1(1.29).6(18.66).4(17.14).7(11.71).6(12.86).7(8.45).1(23.35).2(14.57) Borol 3.2 (43.16) 2.(5.19).5(21.2) 1.1(29.97) 4.6(4.7) 5.6(15.77) 8.(3.26) 9.4(6.72) 1.5(8.72).4(16.56) 17 p-cym-8-ol.1(65.86).1(32.27) <.1 <.1 j α-trpol t.1(58.5) t.1(17.27).1(28.9).2(76.32) 31.(9.41) 29.(5.29).1(117.35) 18 cs-dhyrocarvo.1(78.32) <.1.1(41.41).3(1.61).1(5.51) k Thymol-.1(39.53).7(15.22).1(9.).7(15.22) t.2(24.3) 12.5(9.52) 14.(9.92) mthyl thr* 19 Isotrpol.1(42.74).1(29.69).2(.) <.1 2 Carvacrol-.2(15.35).1(12.11) 8.(9.11) 7.6(13.6) mthyl thr* 21 L-carvo.1(13.69) l Thymoquo 8.2(43.35) 1.4(59.57) 3.(13.81) 1.7(27.19) 11.3(5.91) 13.2(9.43).1(18.86) 2.5(11.92) 12.(19.1) 22 Boryl actat <.1 t.1(14.48).6(7.83).7(7.52) m Thymol 15.8(22.42) 13.(38.93) 6.4(7.71) 11.4(7.75) 29.9(11.43) 23.4(4.79) 3.2(7.9).6(85.23) 23 Carvacrol.9(32.29).9(47.45).3(17.45).8(15.69) 1.5(6.63) 1.7(6.52).2(14.18) 3.6(11.87) 1.4(16.37) 24 Thymyl actat.3(1.21) Hyroxythymoquo.2(81.71).3(54.28) 26 α-copa.1(2.1).1(18.96) Acoustc Wavs

13 Tabl 2. Cotu Pak No. Compou T. ququcostotus T. ququcostotus var. japoca T. mogolcus T. srpyllum Jju, Kora Mt. Gaya, Kora Ulrugo, Kora Northastr Asa Europ 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 13 D 16 M 27 β-bourbo.6(12.17).4(13.81).3(2.2).6(17.43) β-caryophyll 4.3(37.81) 3.5(59.49) 3.6(14.1) 5.8(2.6) 3.5(18.4) 3.3(1.46) 8.7(4.79) 9.6(8.29) 3.3(4.69) 2.(14.43) 28 β-cubb.1(17.32).1(21.71).2(17.29) 29 Aromar.5(65.47).4(26.2).6(1.28).1(3.37).1(2.24) 3 α-humul.2(86.44).2(28.35).1(11.1).2(13.12) <.1 31 Alloaromar.3(54.19).4(79.58).1(28.43).1(31.62).2(18.55) <.1.1(11.81) <.1 32 α-amorph.2(59.77).1(33.44) <.1.1(32.88).2(14.72) 33 Grmacr-D.1(.69).1(.69).2(.84) 1.9(11.81).8(22.8) 34 L.8(54.35).4(64.4).2(3.13).1(2.83).2(1.15) 35 Bcyclogrmacr.1(14.33) 1.2(9.4).2(21.3) 36 α-fars.3(17.32).2(1.24) o β-bsabol.5(38.47).2(19.45).2(2.11) 2.4(8.67) 2.5(8.48) 4.9(15.1) 2.4(5.91) 2.6(21.64) 4.5(16.36) 37 γ-ca.2(62.95).5(53.92).1(23.48).3(17.4).7(13.).1(2.84).1(15.) 38 δ-ca 1.1(47.41).8(51.99).1(33.35).1(2.22) <.1.2(27.85).1(22.68).2(16.89).3(11.88) 39 Caryophyll ox <.1.1(4.71) <.1.1(.9) * Ttatvly tf by comparso of MS ata wth thos of lbrary. -: ot tct, t: <.5%. % fgurs ar thr rlatv proportos as prct of total ara, %(RSD), =3. Th charactrstc compous ar cat bol. DB-624 colum was us for aalyss of ar-r matrals for 13 ays a DB-5 colum was us for aalyss of ar-r matrals for 16 moths. Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 311

14 Tabl 3. Comparso of composto of aroma compous for ar-r for 13 ays of thymus spcs by HS-SPME-GC-MS a GC/SAW Charactrstc group compous T. ququcostotus* (%) HS-SPME GC/SAW Mootrp phols (thymol, carvacrol) Mootrp phols prcursors (p-cym, γ-trp) Mootrp hyrocarbos (α-thuj, α-p, camph, β-p, β- myrc, sab, α-trp, trpol, ocm, lmo, α-phllar ) Oxygat mootrps (1,8-col, cs-sab hyrat, camphor, α- trp-4-ol, borol, α-trpol, thymoquo, boryl actat) Mootrp phol rvatvs (thymol mthyl thr, carvacrol mthyl thr) Ssqutrps (β-bourbo, β-caryophyll, alloaromar, α-fars, β-bsabol, grmacr-d, l, γ-ca, δ-ca ) 11.7 (6.7, 16.7) 64.3 (52., 76.6) 7. (6., 8.) 11.3 (4.6, 18.).1 (.1,.1) 5.6 (4., 7.2) 31.1 (29., 33.1) 35.7 (34.7, 36.7) 7.4 (6.5, 8.3) 21.2 (18.9, 23.5) T.ququcostotus var. japoca (%) HS-SPME GC/SAW T. mogolcus (%) HS-SPME GC/SAW T. srphyllum (%) HS-SPME GC/SAW (2.5, 6.8) * I th cas of T. ququcostotus, prct valu s a avrag valu of Jju a Mt. Gaya, ( ): It mas % valu of Jju a Mt. Gaya, -: ot tct. 312 Acoustc Wavs

15 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 313 Fg. 3(B), (B') shows PCA for HS-SPME-GC-MS rsposs of ar-r for 13 ays a 16 moths of thymus spcs. As a rsult, a goo classfcato amog spcs of compltly ffrt chmotyps was obta. But, th classfcato of T. ququcostotus whch ar sam spcs of ffrt gographcal org sam coutry (from Jju a Mt. Gaya South Kora), classfcato of orgal spcs a ts varty for T. ququcostotus, group as a ar-ryg trm 13 ays a 16 moths for T. ququcostotus appar to b qut lowr tha thos achv by GC/SAW. PCA Compot 2 (PC2) T. srpyllum.6 T.ququcostotus 16 M.4 13 D Mt. Gaya Jju, 16 M.2 16 M Mt. Gaya Jju, 13 D 13 D M Ulrug sla M 13 D T. mogolcus D -.8 T. ququcostotus var. japoca -1. PCA Compot 1 (PC1) (A) 1.6 (B) PCA Compot 2 (PC2) T.ququcostotus -.3 Mt. Gaya 13 D -.6 T. ququcostotus var. japoca -1. Ulrug sla, 13 D T. srpyllum 13 D T.ququcostotus Jju, 13 D.3.6 PCA Compot 1 (PC1) D T. mogolcus PCA Compot 2 (PC2) M T. mogolcus T.ququco Jju, 16 M T. quq japoca Ulrug sla T. srpyllum M T.qu -1.5 Mt PCA Compot 1 (PC1) Fg. 3. Comparso of prcpal compot aalyss for GC/SAW (A) a HS-SPME-GC-MS (B), (B') rsposs of thymus spcs. (A) ar-r 13 ays a 16 moths by GC/SAW; (B) ar-r 13 ays by Thrmoqust-Fga o trap GC MS (Aust, Txas, USA) qupp wth 6% cyaopropyl phyl polymthylsloxa (DB-624, J&W, 3 m x. mm.., 1.4 µm flm thckss); (B') ar-r 16 moths by Hwltt-Packar 689 Srs GC systm wth a Aglt 5973N Mass Slctv Dtctor (Aglt Tchologs, Wlmgto, DE, USA) qupp wth 5% phyl polymthylsloxa (Ultra 2 colum, Aglt, m x. mm..,.33 µm flm thckss).

16 314 Acoustc Wavs 3.6 Chags of composto of aroma compous accorg to laps for T. ququcostotus var. japoca by GC/SAW Fg. 4 shows chromatograms of volatl aroma compous accorg to laps for T. ququcostotus var. japoca by GC/SAW. Th chags of composto of thr volatl aroma compous ar summarz Tabl 4. Frqucy (kct) Frqucy (kct) 5 o c ab f g o c a f l b g m 5 5. a b c a b c Fg. 4 _jogk Hog f g l l m Tm (s) f g (A) Tm (s) l m m (B) (C) o (D) o Bsabol (A') -Caryophyll Thymol Trp 1.5 Thymoquo Borol p-cym Thymol Bsabol 28. -Caryophyll (B') p-cym Borol -Trp (C') 28. -Bsabol 7. -Caryophyll Thymol 24.5 p-cym1.5 Thymoquo Borol -Trp Bsabol 28. -Caryophyll (D') Thymol Thymoquo Borol p-cym -Trp Fg. 4. Chags of composto of aroma compous accorg to laps for T.ququcostotus var. japoca by GC/SAW. (A) frsh raw; (B) laps for 5 ays at 5 C; (C) ar-r for 13 ays at room tmpratur; (D) ar-r for 16 moths at room tmpratur; (A )-(D ) thr corrspo fragrac pattrs usg VaporPrt.

17 Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs 315 Pak No. t R (s) Compots Thymus-ququcostotus var. japoca (Ulrug sla) Raw a 5 Days b 13 Days c 16 Moths % % % % a P 1.3(8.2).7(4.21).9(7.63) 1.4(1.49) b Camph.8(2.53).4(1.75).5(7.66).5(5.2) c Myrc 3.5(5.9) 3.5(3.86) 3.1(6.5) 3.3(1.85) 14.5 p-cym.5(6.24) 13.6(4.83) 15.8(7.57).1(1.58) Trp 5.2(4.98) 1.2(3.95) 9.(8.65) 12.4(7.99) f 16.3 Trpol 1.1(2.7).7(2.64) 1.(3.9).4(4.3) g cs-sab hyrat.3(8.68).3(5.22).4(4.23).3(3.18) h 19.2 Camphor Borol 1.5(2.8) 9.1(3.65) 18.4(1.24) 9.6(1.71) j Trpol k Thymol mthyl thr l Thymoquo 14.9(3.35) 1.6(.7) 13.5(5.81) 18.4(3.86) m Thymol 2.4(1.65) 37.4(5.37) 33.5(4.8) 24.1(.73) Caryophyll 7.1(2.46) 8.8(8.92) 1.5(2.39) 1.9(2.2) o 3.8 -Bsabol 9.4(5.3) 13.7(5.19) 2.4(2.4) 2.6(1.84) Tabl 4. Chag of composto of volatl aroma compous accorg to laps for T.ququcostotus var. japoca by GC/SAW a Frsh sampl, t was aalyz as soo as possbl aftr t was pck. b It was laps for 5 ays at 5 C. c It was r for 13 ays at room tmpratur. It was r for 16 moths at room tmpratur I th raw sampl whch ar prpar as soo as possbl aftr t was pck, mootrp phol (thymol: 2.4%) s lowr tha ts corrspog prcursor (p-cym, -trp: 3.7%). Whras, th cas of two sampls whch ar laps for 5 ays at 5 C a arr for 13 ays at room tmpratur, actv thymol (33.5%~37.4%) s hghr tha ts corrspog prcursor (23.8%~24.8%). Atoally, thymoquo (13.5%), borol (18.4%) 13 ays sampl cras tha thos of 5 ays sampl. Aftr laspg for 16 moths, th coctrato of actv thymol (24.1%) a borol (9.6%) cosrably cras, whras thymoquo (18.4%) cras hgh tsty. As ths rsults, thy also show som trstg charactrstc fatur for th fluc of ar-ryg o th volatl aroma compostos. I th aspct of pharmacologcal ffcts, t was fou that actv mootrp phol (thymol) rachs ts hghst coctratos aftr t was r for 5 ays or 13 ays, whch s much hghr tha frsh or ovr-r for a log tms. 4. Cocluso O th bass of ths stuy, t s coclu that th GC/SAW aalytcal mtho shows hgh sp tcto wth t scos, a rlatvly hgh rproucblty compar wth HS- SPME mtho, smplcty, a makg t possbl to tct sstv aroma matrals

18 316 Acoustc Wavs quattatvly. It also abls to scrmat th botacal a gographcal org of thymus spcs by rcogzabl fragrac pattr aalyss. As a rsult, a w mthoology by GC/SAW ca srv as a altratv aalytcal tchqu for th aalyss of scrmato of thymus spcs that provs sco ut aalyss, smpl, hghly sstv aalytcal mtho, a fragrac pattr rcogto compar to th covtoal HS-SPME-GC-MS tchqu. I ato, t woul b a frst rport to al wth th volatl hrbal actual compostos a scrmato of thymus spcs by GC/SAW a wll b appl to a varty of applcatos. 5. Rfrcs [1] G. Sachtt, S. Matt, M. Muzzol, M. Scaglat, S. Mafr, M. Rac, R. Bru, Foo Chm., 91 () 621. [2] J. Mastlć, I. Jrkovć, Foo Chm. 8 (23) 135. [3] S.J. L, K. Umao, T. Shbamoto, K.G. L, Foo Chm. 91 () 131. [4] P.H. Gouyo, Ph. Vrt, J.L. Gullrm, G. Valyro, Hrty 57 (1986) 59. [5] M.D. Gullé, M.J. Mazaus, Foo Chm. 63 (1998) 373. [6] R. Vskutos, L. Poll, M. Lars, Flavour Fragrac J. 11 (1996) 123. [7] F. Dmr, J.C. Cassar, S. Moja, J.C. Chalchat, F. Jull, Plat Physol. Bochm. 39 (21) 63. [8] M. Zmmrma, P. Schbrl, Eur. Foo Rs. Tchol. 211 (2) 175. [9] G.B. Nckrso, S.T. Lks, J. Chromatogr. 21 (1966) 1. [1] M.C. Díaz-Maroto, M.S. Pérz-Collo, M.D. Cabzuo, J. Chromatogr. A 947 (22) 23. [11] G. Suvaralatha, M.S. Narayas, G.A. Ravshaar, L.V. Vkatarama, J. Sc. Foo Agrc. 66 (1994) 439. [12] C. Bcch, S. Drgo, P. Rubolo, J. Chromatogr. A 892 (2) 469. [13] M. Kovaćvć, M. Kać, J. Chromatogr. A 918 (21) 159. [14] E.J. Stapls, Abstr. Pap. Am. Chm. 219 (2) 236. [15] E.J. Stapls, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 18 (2) [16] M. Kurt, A. Brma, T. Koch, W. Bola, J. Sp. Sc. (22) 677. [17] J. Lammrty, Els A. Vravrbk, J. Iruayaraj, Ss. Actuators B 98 (24) 54. [18] S.Y. Oh, H.D. Sh, S.J. Km, J. Hog, J. Chromatogr. A 1183 (28) 17. [19] M.K. L, Y.M. Ah, K.R. L, J.H. Jug, J. O.S. Jug, J. Hog, Aal. Chm. Acta 633 (29) 271. [2] M.H. Chu, E.K. Km, K.R. L, J.H. Jug, J. Hog, Mcrochm. J. 95 (21) 31. [21] D. Zabaras, S.G. Wyll, Flavour Fragr. J. 16 (21) 411. [22] R. Gragr a J. Passt, Phytochmstry 112 (1973) [23] A.J. Poulos, R. Crotau, Arch. Bochm. Bophys. 187 (1978) 37. [24] M. Huab, E. Spro, A.M. D Ptra, V. Cavr, J. Pharm. Bom. Aal. 29 (22) 691. [] M.J. Jorá, R.M. Martíz, K.L. Goor, E.A. Balw, J.A. Sotomayor, I. Crops Pro. 24 (26) 3.

19 Acoustc Wavs Et by Do Dssaayak ISBN Har covr, 434 pags Publshr Scyo Publsh ol 28, Sptmbr, 21 Publsh prt to Sptmbr, 21 SAW vcs ar wly us multtu of vc cocpts maly MEMS a commucato lctrocs. As such, SAW bas mcro ssors, actuators a commucato lctroc vcs ar wll kow applcatos of SAW tchology. For xampl, SAW bas passv mcro ssors ar capabl of masurg physcal proprts such as tmpratur, prssur, varato chmcal proprts, a SAW bas commucato vcs prform a rag of sgal procssg fuctos, such as lay ls, fltrs, rsoators, puls comprssors, a covolvrs. I rct cas, SAW bas low-powr actuators a mcrofluc vcs hav sgfcatly a a w mso to SAW tchology. Ths book cossts of 2 xctg chaptrs compos by rsarchrs a grs actv th fl of SAW tchology, bomcal a othr rlat grg scpls. Th topcs rag from basc SAW thory, matrals a phoma to avac applcatos such as ssors actuators, a commucato systms. As such, ato to thortcal aalyss a umrcal mollg such as Ft Elmt Mollg (FEM) a Ft Dffrc Mthos (FDM) of SAW vcs, SAW bas actuators a mcro motors, a SAW bas mcro ssors ar som of th xctg applcatos prst ths book. Ths collcto of up-to-at formato a rsarch outcoms o SAW tchology wll b of grat trst, ot oly to all thos workg SAW bas tchology, but also to may mor who sta to bft from a sght to th rch opportuts that ths tchology has to offr, spcally to vlop avac, low-powr bomcal mplats a passv commucato vcs. How to rfrc I orr to corrctly rfrc ths scholarly work, fl fr to copy a past th followg: S Yo Oh, Sug-Su Park a Jogk Hog (21). Applcato a Explorato of Fast Gas Chromatography - Surfac Acoustc Wav Ssor to th Aalyss of Thymus Spcs, Acoustc Wavs, Do Dssaayak (E.), ISBN: , ITch, Avalabl from: ITch Europ Uvrsty Campus STP R Slavka Krautzka 83/A ITch Cha Ut 45, Offc Block, Hotl Equatoral Shagha No.65, Ya A Roa (Wst), Shagha, 24, Cha

20 51 Rjka, Croata Pho: +385 (51) Fax: +385 (51) Pho: Fax: