Local DC Electricity: Transforming the 21 st Century Energy Economy

Transcription

1 Local DC Electricity: Transforming the 21 st Century Energy Economy Rajendra Singh D. Houser Banks Professor & Director, Center for Silicon Nanoelectronics Holcombe Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson, SC March 12, 2014

2 First Conference on Local DC Electricity Transforming the 21st Century Energy Economy March 30 April 1, 2014 Francis Marion Hotel, Charleston, SC Key Note Speaker: Jim Rogers com/local-dcconference-generalinformation/ Rogers calls for de-coupling on steroids in order to get utilities prepared to rewrite the future. Former Duke CEO Jim Rogers: The US Grid Will Be a Blank Sheet of Paper

3 World Energy Consumption by End-use Sector (quadrillion BTU) and Shares of Total Energy Use, 2011 (Includes Losses in Electricity Generation, Transmission, and Distribution) Source: EIA

4 Crude Oil Prices from 1861 to

5 1973: I Decided to do Ph.D. Thesis in the Area of Solar cells 41 st Anniversary of the 1973 Oil Embargo in Years of Experience of Energy & Semiconductor Industries (Energy & Information are two sides of the same coin)

6 DC Microgrids and the Virtues of Local Electricity: IEEE Spectrum By Rajendra Singh & Krishna Shenai Posted 6 Feb :58 GMT It s time to revisit Thomas Edison s strategy for providing people with electricity Hotel Power: Generating and distributing DC power through a local grid is an old idea that began with Thomas Edison and persisted in some spots for many decades. The photo above shows the DC control board at the New Yorker Hotel in Manhattan, New York City, where steam boilers generated 2200 kilowatts of DC power, a system that remained in use through the 1960s.

7 Re-visiting War of Currents Thomas Alva Edison had stated in 1931 : We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using nature s inexhaustible sources of energy sun, wind and tide. I d put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don t have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that.

8 Finite & Renewable Energy Sources One Hour of Solar Energy = Energy Used in one Year by All on Planet Earth All Crude oil = 15 Hours of Solar Energy Hitting Earth All Natural Gas = 24 Hours of Solar Energy Hitting Earth All coal = 80 Hours of Solar Energy Hitting Earth 8

9 DC Power With Minimum Energy Loss (AC to DC or DC to AC Power loss ~ 7-10 % ) 9

10 Most of the Loads Today are DC Loads: Commercial Buildings with about 80 % DC Loads

11 DC Vs AC: Cost Considerations With higher reliability, PV system cost is reduced by about 20 %. Other than cost savings, wind turbines are more reliable in DC configurations. Batteries, capacitors, and fuel cells store DC power. AC power increases the cost of storage device (as much as 50 % in some cases) DC use increases the competitiveness of manufacturing industry and saves jobs worldwide. Energy cost of is as great as 33 % of the operating cost of the manufacturing plant (Al industry ~$10 B/year ) Increase in energy efficiency translates to job creation. In US 10 % adoption of DC electricity in 2015 will create 60,000 jobs The worldwide adoption of DC power can provide uniform voltage standards worldwide, thus reducing the cost of related power electronics to yield an overall lower manufacturing cost of every DC-based electrical system.

12 Giga Watt Battery Factory of Tesla Wednesday-March5-2014

13 Tesla s Giga Battery Factory Threatens the Auto, Utility and Building Controls Cheaper batteries will allow mainstream pricing of Tesla s EVs in six years and lots more. Chet Lyons, March 3, Battery-Factory-Threatens-the-Auto-Utility-and-Building- Contr?utm_source=SmartGrid&utm_medium=Headline&utm _campaign=gtmdaily Markets

14 All-Electric School Bus Hits the Road Big yellow waits in the wings for its smaller counterpart to make (electric) inroads. Half a million school buses in US Katherine Tweed March 4, utm_campaign=gtmdaily

15 IEA Report: Wind and Solar Can Carry Bulk of Energy Transformation IEA finds that integration of renewables into electricity grids can be done at little cost. Renew Economy, Jonathan Gifford March 3, m=headline&utm_campaign=gtmdaily

16 Global & US Market : More PV than Wind

17 US SOLAR PV INSTALLATION FREQUENCY

18 Growth Of PV Industry (Solar Buzz)

19 Cumulative PV Market Profile ( ) (Solar Buzz)

20 DC Electricity at 4 Cents per Kilowatt-Hour Cheapest Solar Ever? Austin Energy Buys PV From SunEdison at 5 Cents per Kilowatt-Hour City-owned Austin Energy is about to sign a 25-year PPA with Sun Edison for 150 megawatts of solar power at "just below" 5 cents per kilowatt-hour Eric Wesoff, March 10, SunEdison-at-5-Cents-Per-Ki?utm_source=Daily&utm_medium=Headline&utm_campaign=GTMDaily 20

21 PV Based DC Local Electricity for 2.5 Billion Underprivileged People PV based DC electricity is the most practical low-cost method of providing cost effective electricity to underprivileged people worldwide. Proposed virtual or real vertical integrated business model & Volume manufacturing will provide lowest cost of solar electricity

22 Was Your Senator #Up4Climate or In Bed with the Oil Industry? 28 Democrats participate in overnight talkathon designed to wake up Congress over global warming (March 11, 2014) March

23 Challenges Formulation & Implementation of Public Policies That are in Public Interest and will Accelerate the Growth of Local DC Electricity Educating Public at Large Manpower Development (Power Electronics Education)

24 CONCLUSION If the current trends of PV & Battery growth continue, we expect local PV electricity cost with storage to reach $0.02 per kwh in the next 8-10 years. Source: R. Singh, G.F. Alapatt and G. Bedi, WHY AND HOW PHOTOVOLTAICS WILL PROVIDE CHEAPEST ELECTRICITY IN THE 21 ST CENTURY, FACTA UNIVERSITATIS (IN PRESS)