Creating a Resilient Energy Network of Net Zero Buildings

Transcription

1 Creating a Resilient Energy Network of Net Zero Buildings Brian T. Patterson IEEE President, EMerge Alliance Track: Community Design Thursday, March 17, :00 AM

2 Course Learning Objectives: 1. Resiliency issues with the current centralized electric energy infrastructure 2. Net Zero building microgrids role in distributed, renewable, clean energy 3. Interconnected Net Zero buildings in industrial & community microgrids 4. Building owners, designers, & industry trades roles in creating the Enernet

3 The Big Picture Grid to chip and back again. The ENERNET

4 Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Solar (PV) Wind - Fuel Cells Micro-turbines - Combined Heat & Power Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Clean Energy Energy Storage Smart Grid Eminent Domain Synchronization Frequency Control Voltage Maintenance Reactive Power (VARs) Spinning Reserves Peaking Turbines Power System Resiliency Electro-Magnetic Pulses Brownouts-Blackouts Terrorism Extreme Weather Power Quality Linear Dynamic Failure Remote Power Access Off-grid Islanding Microgrids Load Shifting Demand Response Net Metering SSL - Efficiency Smart Controls Digital Devices IoT AC/DC Power Conversion Fast Charge Electric Vehicles Smart Buildings Zero Net Energy (ZNE)

5 Over Dependency on Fossil Fuel Sources Coal & Oil is leading to Increased Use of NG, Nuclear, Solar, Wind

6 Increasing Demand Decreasing Supply Despite Conservation Efforts Use Grows at Double-Digit Rates

7 Resistance to New Centralized Infrastructure Don t Tread On Me

8 SANDY Category 3 EMP 5KnT/min. Growing Problems of Quality and Resiliency There s no easy answers for the existing grid

9 Just imagine a life without Electric lighting or pumped water Electric stoves, ovens, microwaves Electric heaters, fans or air conditioners Electro-mechanical Refrigeration TV Cell phones, tablets or computers Electric and electronic medical devices Lighted schools, hospitals or clinics Electric tools or machines Electric transportation Automated industry or agriculture Electronic bank or financial transactions A Rising Population with No Electricity More Than 1/4 of the World Has No Electricity

10 Help Harvest Abundant New Supply of Electrons Maximize the Use Clean Renewable Sources Minimize Grid Expansion & Make It Less Invasive Allow Massively Distributed Energy Resources Enable Digital Quality On-Off-Grid Operation

11 All solutions would benefit from Adding clean renewable sources: solar, wind, hydro, fuel cell, etc. Combining massively distributed with bulk centralized sources. Integrating distributed energy storage capabilities more easily. Increasing use of non-synchronous (digital) dc power. Using a resilient self-healing mesh network of interconnected grids. Opportunistic distributed modular deployment. Allowing self-determinate and semi-autonomous operation.

12 Solution: The ENERNET

13 Estimated # of Interconnected Entities 1970 Today 2050 Existing Grid 50, ,000 5,000,000 ENERNET 50, ,000 2,000,000,000 Internet 50,000 10,000,000, ,000,000,000 Data generation 70% distributed Power generation 5% distributed Net Zero Buildings 65-70% distributed Microgrid ENERNET Networked INTERNET

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15 Residences: Personal Power System Operate on or off grid(s) Under the owner s total control Conducts power transactions by choice Distributed energy node of the ENERNET

16 Includes: Site Based Energy Harvesting/Production Electricity Storage Co-located Loads Appliances, Devices Intergrid Connection

17 Community Microgrid

18 Commercial: Corporate Power System Operate on or off grid(s) Under the owner s total control Conducts power transactions by choice Basic infrastructure node in the ENERNET

19 Includes: Site Based Energy Harvesting/Production Electricity Storage Co-located Loads Appliances, Devices Intergrid Connection Building Services Power Storage & Control Office & Occupied Space Outdoor Sources Factory or Warehouse Industrial Space Data Center

20 Commercial Campus Microgrid

21 Peaking Power Plant Sub-station Community Microgrids Solar Farm Commercial Campus Microgrid Wind Farm Sub-station Utility-Scale Microgrids

22 Utility Microgrids are Ener-connected into Smart-Macro-Grids Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Base Load Power Plant Utility Transmission Macrogrid

23 The ENERNET The Complete Grid Interconnect

24 Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet Virtues of an Open Access Enernet Presumption of Access Equality of Each Entity Bottom-Up Public Structure Strength of Weak Transactive Cooperation Self Organizing Self Healing = Resilient

25 Nanogrids, Microgrids and Macrogrids Organized into an Increasingly Expansive and Inclusive Tiered Framework The ENERNET Macrogrids National Regional Tier 3 Microgrids Community Campus Tier 2 Nanogrids Building Tier 1 Level, Room, Device Area

26 Transforming Traditional Power Grids to an ENERNET Mesh Topology: Clean energy via massively distributed renewable sources Reliability, independence, security of electric energy Maintain the intrinsic value of the bulk power MacroGrid Provide high quality power to advanced buildings Lower cost of electricity in underserved markets Trigger energy innovation, new applications & business models Lowers the risk of future investments in power infrastructure

27 But who will manage the Enernet? Public Utility? Local Service Provider? Cloud Service Provider? You?

28 All of the Above Your Public Utility? A Local Service Provider? A Cloud Based Service Provider? You?

29 Using a Transactive Power Management Framework Semi-autonomous energy management systems as agent. Customizable economic and control mechanisms. User defined parameters Hierarchical centralized systems require human intervention Massive complexity and decision rates exceed human capability.

30 Transactive Power Management Framework Timing Predicted Transition to a market driven Transactive Energy Framework Source: GridWise Architecture Council

31 The ENERNET Flexible, clean, efficient, resilient, affordable and sustainable energy infrastructure

32 Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Basics AC Power Sources Utility Grid AC Service Gen. Transformers Low Voltage Loads Office Lighting Ceiling Grid Wireless Controls Pwr. Mgmt. / Monitor Sensors Fans IT Access / Security Microgrid Technology DC Power Sources Solar PV Wind Turbine Fuel Cell Comb. Heat & Power Micro-turbine Gen. Battery Storage Future Energy Harvest? High Voltage Loads DC Power Distribution High Voltage Bus Hi Bay/Hi Output Lights Ext. Lighting / Signage EV Vehicle Charging Data Centers VFD Motor Drives

33 Microgrids require Power Conversions Electric Function AC Microgrid Hybrid DC Microgrid Power Sources (Solar / Wind / Fuel Cell / CHP/ grid) AC + DC to AC DC + AC to DC Power Storage (Battery / Thermal Electric) Distribution/Wiring (Conduit / Wiring / Circuit Protection) Loads/Devices/Outlets (Lighting / Motors / Pumps / IT Security / Appliances / Desktop) Controls/Monitoring (Wired / Wireless) IN: DC + AC OUT: DC DC + DC to AC IN: DC OUT: DC AC + DC to AC DC AC + AC to DC DC + DC to AC AC to DC DC Total Frequency Conversion Points 6 2 Notes: Frequency conversions are generally much less efficient than simple voltage conversions Conversion efficiency is almost always better at higher voltages and currents Wire Size favors DC at equivalent voltages

34 Status Quo Common Building Loads (80%DC) V F D DC AC 2% to 10% loss DC AC 4% to 8% Loss DC AC 4% - 8% Typical Conversion Loss DC AC 12% to 20% loss AC AC Bus DC DC AC 15% to 20% loss AC 4% to 8% Loss AC DC AC DC 4% to 8% Loss AC Grid 3% to 10% loss DC storage

35 A Better Way DC / Semiconductor Based Loads V F D 0% loss DC 2% to 5% loss DC 2% to 5% loss DC AC DC 3% to 6% loss DC DC Bus 3% to 5% loss AC Grid DC AC DC 3% to 6% loss DC AC DC 1% to 5% loss DC storage DC 0% to 2% loss Higher Efficiency Minimal Conversion Loss Lower Operating Expense Safer Fewer Components More Reliable Less Real Estate Reduced Carbon Footprint

36 Full System Overview

37 Like Any Other Design Process 1. PROGRAMING / PRE-DESIGN PHASE 2. DESIGN / DOCUMENTS PHASE 3. BID / AWARD / CONSTRUCTION

38 The Ultimate Applications

39 Design and Product Resources From EMerge And It s Members

40 The End Result

41 Remarkably Unremarkable! DC LED Lighting w/ Energized Ceiling Grid Retail Grocery Store DC Fluorescent Lighting w/ Energized Ceiling Grid Engineering Office

42 How About A Design Example? A 10,000 sf Office Setting

43 The Lighting Solution Same as AC

44 Now The DC Power Hybrid Distribution: Energized Ceiling Grid + Direct Connect Fixtures

45 Full Featured Control Solution All The Bells & Whistles Occupancy Sensors / Photo Sensors / Dimming / Local Switch Control / & More

46 A Cost Discussion INITIAL COST ADVANTAGES: REDUCED LABOR HOURS (Class 2 Wiring) REDUCED LABOR RATE (Low Volt Trades) ACCELERATED DEPRECIAITON OPTION INEXPENSIVE INTEGRATED WIRELESS CONTROLS TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO) ADVANTAGES: MAXIMUM EFFICENCY REDUCED ENERGY COSTS REDUCED MAINTENANCE REDUCED RECONFIGURATION COSTS EASILY UPGRADEABLE

47 The New Energy Age The Enernet Generation The ENERNET

48 Audience Questions?

49 THANK YOU! Brian T. Patterson IEEE President, EMerge Alliance