World History I Unit 5: Byzantine and Orthodox Europe Reading Guide

Transcription

1 World History I Unit 5: Byzantine and Orthodox Europe Reading Guide Part I: Fill in the blank with the best term from your reading of Chapter The eastern half of the Roman Empire survived after the fifth century as the 2. The, the peninsula including Macedonia and Greece plus what became Bulgaria, was controlled by the Byzantine Empire. 3. was the official language of the Eastern Empire from the reign of Justinian. 4. The Byzantine emperor was responsible for the attempted reconstruction of the political unity of the ancient Roman Empire. 5. One of the major works of architecture completed during the reign of Justinian was the huge church called 6. was the courtesan who became wife and advisor to Justinian. 7. One of the generals responsible for Justinian's reconquest of North Africa and Italy was 8. One of the military technological achievements of the Byzantine Empire was the invention of, a weapon used against the Arab fleets. 9. The Slavic kingdom established in the northern portions of the Balkan peninsula as a major rival to the Byzantine Empire was 10. The emperor responsible for the defeat of the Bulgars in the eleventh century was 11. Images of religious figures that became objects of veneration in Byzantine Christianity were 1

2 12. When a Byzantine emperor attempted to suppress the veneration of painted images, he initiated, a religious controversy that split the eastern Church. 13. In 1204 a crusade led by merchants conquered Byzantium and temporarily unseated the Byzantine emperor. 14. The form of Christianity that developed in Byzantium and spread to Russia and the Balkans was referred to as Christianity. 15. In 864 the Byzantine government sent the missionaries north to carry Orthodox Christianity to the Slavic regions. 16. The alphabet devised by Orthodox missionaries for the Slavic peoples was called after one of the evangelists. 17. The trade city established by Scandinavian traders in southern Russia in the ninth century,, became the focal point for the kingdom of Russia that flourished to the twelfth century. 18. The legendary Scandinavian who theoretically established the first kingdom of Russia was 19. took its name from the Greek word for red, applied to the hair color of many of the Norse traders. 20. The Russian ruler responsible for converting the country to Christianity was 21. was the last of the great Kievan rulers who issued a legal code based on Byzantine models. 22. Russian aristocrats, or, had less political power than their counterparts in Western Europe. 23. In 1236 a large force of Mongols, called according to Russian tradition, captured the major Russian cities. 2

3 Part II: Circle the letter for the best answer. 24. The significance of the Byzantine Empire included all of the following except a. the empire's ability to survive for almost a thousand years. b. the importance of the empire's capital at Constantinople as a major urban center. c. the ability of the empire to spread its cultural and political influence to the Balkans and southern Russia. d. the spread of Orthodox Christianity. e. the empire's conquest of the Ottoman Empire and its inclusion of all of the Middle East. 25. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire? a. The Byzantine Empire survived beyond the existence of its successor states. b. The Byzantine Empire alone had a cultural impact on the continent of Africa. c. the Byzantine Empire was little more than an extension of the Islamic civilization. d. Ultimately, the empire's most important stepchild was Russia. e. The Byzantine Empire kept the memory of Rome alive. 26. The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at a. Rome. b. Baghdad. c. Ravenna. d. Nicaea. e. Constantinople. 27. The Byzantine Empire began a. in the 5th century C.E., with the fall of Rome. b. in the 9th century, with the missionary work of Cyril and Methodius. c. in the 1st century C.E., during the reign of Augustus. d. in the 4th century C.E., with the founding of Constantinople. e. In the 6th century C.E., when Greek became the official language. 28. The great church built by Justinian was a. the Cathedral of St. Dimitry. b. the Hagia Sophia. c. St. Peter's. d. the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. e. the Cathedral of Sts. Cyril and Methodius. 29. From the reign of Justinian, the official language of the eastern empire was a. Persian. b. Turkish. c. Greek. d. Arabic. e. Latin. 30. Which of the following represents one of Justinian's positive accomplishments? a. the rebuilding of Rome b. the banning of prostitution within the Byzantine Empire c. implementing a new tax code d. the conquest of Gaul e. systematizing of the Roman legal code. 3

4 31. Belisarius was a. a former prostitute and the wife of Justinian. b. the patriarch of Constantinople responsible for initiating the iconoclastic controversy. c. the builder responsible for the Hagia Sophia. d. the author of the Body of Civil Law. e. the Byzantine general responsible for much of the military success during Justinian's reign. 32. Which of the following was a result of Justinian's wars of reconquest? a. the gain of a great deal of Middle Eastern territory. b. Justinian's resignation as emperor c. the permanent addition of North Africa and Italy to the Byzantine Empire d. the loss of the Balkans to the Germans e. weakening of the empire's defenses on its eastern frontiers with the Persians 33. Which of the following was a result of the conflict between the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslims? a. The army and navy were no longer top priorities in the Byzantine Empire. b. The Arab threat to the Byzantine Empire was permanently removed. c. The position of the small farmers in the empire was weakened as a result of heavy taxation, resulting in greater aristocratic estates. d. The commercial significance of Constantinople was destroyed by the eighth century, forcing the Byzantine Empire to depend increasingly on trade with the West. e. The Byzantine Empire was able to recover the provinces of Syria and Egypt, thus regaining valuable agricultural land and increased wealth. 34. What people provided the most serious challenge to Byzantine authority in the Balkan peninsula? a. the Huns b. the Bulgars c. the Magyars d. the Germans e. the Arab Muslims 35. The military force of the Byzantine Empire a. was recruited almost entirely from "barbarians" outside the empire's frontiers. b. was recruited from peasants of the empire in return for grants of heritable land. c. was a paid, professional army located in Constantinople. d. was made up entirely of slaves. e. was impermanent, only recruited for the few military crises of the empire. 36. Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in the Byzantine Empire is not accurate? a. Older urban centers, such as Athens, declined during the Byzantine Empire. b. Constantinople controlled the economy and grew to enormous size. c. The empire developed a far-flung trading network. d. Aside from Constantinople, other cities in the Byzantine Empire were relatively small. e. Like China, the Byzantine Empire was heavily urbanized with many cities numbering more than 100,000. 4

5 37. Images of religious objects venerated as part of the religious practices of the Orthodox Church were called a. filioque. b. brilliants. c. iconoclasm. d. icons. e. mosaics. 38. Cyril and Methodius were responsible for what accomplishment? a. the conversion of Poland and Czechoslovakia to Roman Catholicism b. the creation of a written script for the Slavic language c. the strict use of Latin in Orthodox churches d. the conversion of Poland and Czechoslovakia to Orthodox Christianity e. the ending of the iconoclastic controversy 39. Who was Rurik? a. the Kievan monarch responsible for the conversion of Russia to Orthodox Christianity b. the Kievan monarch responsible for the development of the Cyrillic alphabet. c. the Mongol commander responsible for the conquest of Kievan Russia d. the Kievan monarch responsible for a codification of laws e. the legendary Scandinavian who became the first king of Kievan Rus' 40. When did Constantinople fall to the Turks? a b c d e