Warm-Up: 1. What are the two types of compounds? Differentiate the two and give examples for each.
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1 Naming Compounds Outcome: Students will be able to name ionic and covalent compounds by designing a thinking map. Warm-Up: 1. What are the two types of compounds? Differentiate the two and give examples for each.
2 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Use the following guidelines: 1. Name the cation (metal) first followed by the anion with an ide ending. 2. If the metal is a transition metal, use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the cation. Example: MgS Li 2 O
3 Naming Ternary Ionic Compounds. Guidelines: 1. Name the cation followed by the name of the polyatomic ion. 2. Use roman numeral if cation is transition metal. Example: CaCO 3 Na 2 SO 4 FePO 4
4 Binary Molecular Compounds To name a binary molecular compound, use the following guidelines. 1. Write the names of the elements in the order listed in the formula. 2. Use prefixes appropriately to indicate the number of each kind of atom. If just one atom of the first element is in the formula, omit the prefix mono- for that element. Also, the vowel at the end of a prefix is sometimes dropped when the name of the element begins with a vowel. 3. End the name of the second element with the suffix - ide.
5 Binary Molecular Compounds Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefixes in the names of binary molecular compounds help distinguish compounds containing different numbers of atoms, such as CO and CO 2. Prefixes Used in Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Prefix Number mono- 1 di- 2 tri- 3 tetra- 4 penta- 5 hexa- 6 hepta- 7 octa- 8 nona- 9 deca- 10
6 Sample Problem 9.6 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Name the following binary molecular compounds. a. N 2 O b. PCl 3
7 Sample Problem 9.7 Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds Write formulas for the following binary molecular compounds. a. nitrogen trifluoride b. disulfur dichloride Note: The number 1 is never used as a subscript in a formula.
8 What are binary molecular compounds composed of? How is their composition different from binary ionic compounds?
9 What are binary molecular compounds composed of? How is their composition different from binary ionic compounds? Binary molecular compounds are composed of two elements, which are nonmetals and are not ions. Binary ionic compounds are composed of the ions of two elements, a metal and a nonmetal.
10 BIG IDEA Ionic and molecular compounds differ in composition ions form ionic compounds, and molecules form molecular compounds.
11 Naming Acids Acids have a general formula of H n X where X is a monatomic or polyatomic anion and n is a subscript indicating the number of hydrogen ions that are combined with the anion.
12 Names and Formulas of Acids Three rules can help you name an acid with the general formula H n X dissolved in water. The naming system depends on the name of the anion (X), in particular the suffix of the anion name. Each rule deals with an anion with a different suffix: -ide, -ite, and -ate.
13 Names and Formulas of Acids Three rules can help you name an acid with the general formula H n X dissolved in water. 1. When the name of the anion ends in -ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. Therefore, HCl (X= chloride) is named hydrochloric acid.
14 Names and Formulas of Acids Three rules can help you name an acid with the general formula H n X dissolved in water. 2. When the anion name ends in -ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous, followed by the word acid. Thus, H 2 SO 3 (X = sulfite) is named sulfurous acid.
15 Names and Formulas of Acids Three rules can help you name an acid with the general formula H n X dissolved in water. 3. When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic, followed by the word acid. Thus, HNO 3 (X = nitrate) is named nitric acid.
16 Names and Formulas of Acids These three rules for naming an acid with the general formula H n X dissolved in water are summarized in the table below. Anion ending Naming Common Acids Example Acid name Example -ide chloride, Cl hydro-(stem)-ic acid hydrochloric acid -ite sulfite, SO 3 (stem)-ous acid sulfurous acid -ate nitrate, NO 3 (stem)-ic acid nitric acid All Rights
17 Names and Formulas of Acids Writing Formulas of Acids To write the formula for an acid, use the rule for writing the name of the acid in reverse. Then, balance the ionic charges just as you would for any ionic compound.
18 Names and Formulas of Acids Writing Formulas of Acids For example, consider hydrobromic acid. Rule 1 states: When the name of the anion ends in - ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (hydro- prefix and -ic suffix) must be a combination of hydrogen ion (H + ) and bromide ion (Br ). The formula is HBr.
19 Names and Formulas of Acids Writing Formulas of Acids How do you write the formula for phosphorous acid? Rule 2 states: When the anion name ends in -ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous, followed by the word acid. Using Rule 1, hydrogen ion and phosphite ion (PO 3 3 ) must be the components of phosphorous acid. You need three hydrogen ions to balance the 3 charge of the phosphite ion. Thus, the formula for phosphorous acid is H 3 PO 3.
20 Names and Formulas of Acids Writing Formulas of Acids Finally, what is the formula for sulfuric acid? Rule 3 states: When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic, followed by the word acid. According to Rule 3, sulfuric acid (-ic ending) must be a combination of hydrogen ion and sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ). The formula for sulfuric acid is H 2 SO 4 because two hydrogen ions are needed to balance the 2 charge of the sulfate anion.
21 Names and Formulas of Acids Writing Formulas of Acids Many industrial processes, including steel and fertilizer manufacturing, use acids. You should become familiar with the names and formulas of common acids such as those listed in the table at right. Common Acids Name Formula Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 Nitric acid HNO 3 Ethanoic acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 All Rights
22 Sample Problem 9.8 Naming Acids Name the following compounds as acids. a. HClO b. HCN
23 Names and Formulas of Bases Names and Formulas of Bases How do you determine the name and formula of a base?
24 Names and Formulas of Bases A base is generally an ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases are named in the same way as other ionic compounds the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.
25 Sample Problem 9.9 Naming Bases Name the following bases. a. KOH b. Fe(OH) 2
26 Glossary Terms acid: a compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution; see also hydrogen-ion donor, Lewis acid base: a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution; see also hydrogen-ion acceptor, Lewis base
27 Summarize Design a thinking map that will help you name Ionic compounds, molecular compounds, acids and bases.
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