thebiotutor. AS Biology OCR. Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport. Module 1.2 Cell Membranes. Answers. Andy Todd 1
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1 thebiotutor AS Biology OCR Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport Module 1.2 Cell Membranes Answers Andy Todd 1
2 1. partially / selectively; DO NOT ACCEPT semi ACCEPT differentially (facilitated) diffusion OR osmosis; plasma; phospholipids; cholesterol; ACCEPT plasma cell [5] 2. (a) (i) D cholesterol; E protein / glycoprotein / intrinsic protein / protein channel / protein pump / transport protein / carrier protein; F phospholipid (bilayer) / phospholipid head; ACCEPT polypeptide chain DO NOT ACCEPT amino acid chain DO NOT ACCEPT extrinsic protein DO NOT ACCEPT lipids / bilayer 3 (ii) D stabilise the membrane OR maintain / affect / control / AW, fluidity OR reduces permeability to, polar / charged, particles; E allow communication across membrane OR allow, polar / charged, particles to pass through membrane; F to act as a barrier (to, polar / charged, particles) / select what enters or leaves cell; mark independently of (a)(i) i.e. NO ecf DO NOT ACCEPT refs to rigidity / support / strength ACCEPT reduces / affects, lateral movement of phospholipids ACCEPT cell recognition / receptor site / cell signalling / cell attachment ACCEPT (acts as) selectively permeable or partially permeable membrane ACCEPT allows small / fat soluble molecules to pass through DO NOT ACCEPT separates inside from outside 3 Andy Todd 2
3 (b) (i) communication between cells / AW; cell, recognition / identification; cells work together / coordination between action of different cells; to trigger, response / reaction ( inside the cell); ACCEPT example to illustrate the point, e.g. action of hormone / cytokines 2 max (ii) (receptor) specific shape / described; complementary to (shape of), trigger / named trigger / communicating; molecule; (trigger / AW) binds / attaches to receptor; ACCEPT tertiary structure DO NOT ACCEPT ref to active site ACCEPT fits / idea of lock & key in correct context DO NOT ACCEPT matches DO NOT ALLOW joins / bonds / links / combines / fits 2 max [10] 3. at surface S1 S2 S3 separate cell from environment; control, entry/exit (of molecules/ions/suitable substance); A selective/partial R semi-permeable use of phospholipid layer (in allowing or preventing passage) of suitable example; S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 reference to facilitated diffusion; reference to active uptake; R channel protein reference phagocytosis/pinocytosis/endocytosis/exocytosis; cell recognition/cell surface antigens; cell to cell attachment; receptor (for hormones/neurotransmitters etc.); S10 AVP; microvilli increase surface area of cell enzyme attachment further role max 6 Andy Todd 3
4 within W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 compartmentalise/surrounds organelles; prevents disruption of, reactions/process; A reaction more efficient e.g. reaction/process, and organelle; reactions take place on membranes; A named example of membrane enzymes attached to membranes; A named example isolates/separates, DNA/nucleus; W7 W8 W9 (nuclear pore) permits RNA to leave nucleus; (forms) ER/(Golgi) vesicles/lysosomes/other named organelle; (not the same e.g. as W3 or W6) attachment of ribosomes; W10 intracellular transport; W11 protects cells from contents of lysosomes; W12 (tonoplast) surrounds/controls content of, vacuole; W13 AVP; increases (internal) surface area of organelle attachment of pigments formation of mesosomes further role max 6 max 9 QWC legible text with accurate punctuation, spelling and grammar 1 [10] Andy Todd 4
5 4. small, non-polar substances diffuse (through membrane / phospholipid bilayer); ACCEPT diffusion / diffuses large substances (using), transport / carrier, proteins; endocytosis / phagocytosis / described; ACCEPT protein pump DO NOT ACCEPT channel proteins here ACCEPT pinocytosis polar substances through, pore / channel, proteins; (using), transport / carrier, proteins; general must be used in correct context, each once only ref to facilitated diffusion; ref to active transport / use of ATP; apply only to large / polar substances apply only to large / polar substances DO NOT ACCEPT ref to active transport with channel proteins 4 max QWC technical terms spelled AND used in correct context; (three from: phospholipid / bilayer / diffusion / facilitated diffusion / active transport / transport protein / carrier protein / channel protein / pinocytosis / endocytosis / phagocytosis) if protein spelled incorrectly throughout, only penalise once 1 [5] 5. (a) (i) fructose; 1 (ii) glucose; 1 (iii) (passive) diffusion; 1 Andy Todd 5
6 (iv) ignore ref to, movement of sugars / solute potential 1 surrounding solution higher concentration (of solutes) than cell contents; ora 2 cell has higher water potential; ora 3 water moves out of cell; 4 (so) volume decreases; 5 (water has moved) by osmosis; only award in relation to water 6 down water potential gradient / from high Ψ to low Ψ; 4 max (b) active transport / facilitated diffusion / bulk transport / endocytosis / etc.; A using channel proteins, etc NOT osmosis 1 [8] Andy Todd 6
1.1.2. thebiotutor. AS Biology OCR. Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport. Module 1.2 Cell Membranes. Notes & Questions.
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