Lecture notes, Chapter 12 1

Transcription

1 Sectionalism growing Mexican American War 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Southwest given to US from Mexico Southerners want Missouri Compromise line extended all the way to West Coast. Northerners: No way Delicate balance in Senate about to change Lecture notes, Chapter 14 1 Compromise of 1850 Last Hurrah for the big three: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun California petitioning for statehood New Fugitive Slave Law needed Big three hammer out this last compromise to stave off Civil War/Secession Lecture notes, Chapter 14 2 California Free State Sectional balance will forever be in favor of Northern interests Senate is now Northern majority Gold Rush of brought about 80,000 people to California, quickly making it eligible for statehood. South agrees to allow California as free state. Lecture notes, Chapter 14 3 Lecture notes, Chapter 12 1

2 New Fugitive Slave Law Required all runaway slaves to be returned to their rightful owners. Underground railroad Harriet Tubman helped coordinate the escape of many slaves to the North. Many Northerners refused to help, even with the passage of this new law. Northerners agreed to this law in order to get California as a free state. Lecture notes, Chapter 14 4 Wilmot Proviso David Wilmot, Pennsylvania Democrat, suggested that Slavery be prohibited in ALL territory gained from Mex-Am War Angered Southerners Brings Slavery issue back to forefront Leads to Compromise of 1850 Lecture notes, Chapter 14 5 Uncle Tom s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Over a million copies sold between Hated by Southerners/Loved by Northerner abolitionists More fuel to the fire Dred Scott vs. Sanford, 1857 Slave from Missouri sues for freedom Lives many years in free territory Lecture notes, Chapter 14 6 Lecture notes, Chapter 12 2

3 Dred Scott, con t Family urged him to sue for freedom Wins/loses in Missouri, up through their state supreme court. Goes to United States Supreme Court Nearly all justices had their own opinions Chief Justice Roger B. Taney s is seen as decision of the court» Taney: Dred Scott NOT a citizen of the United States, therefore cannot sue in this court. Lecture notes, Chapter 14 7 Dred Scott, con t Therefore, his case is moot But. Taney could have stopped argument there. Goes on to find Missouri Compromise unconsitutional Writes, Blacks have no rights Whites are bound to respect Instead of answering this issue, it only inflames anti-slavery people more. Lecture notes, Chapter 14 8 Presidential elections from Many weak candidates Election comes more from ability not to upset either side too much Historians argue that a strong executive like Andrew Jackson during this time MAY have staved off Civil War.. Lecture notes, Chapter 14 9 Lecture notes, Chapter 12 3

4 Kansas/Nebraska Act, 1854 Free Soil and Pro-Slavery peoples begin to flood territory Popular Sovereignty is the cry Territories should be able to vote for or against slavery Bleeding Kansas sporadic fighting between Pro and Anti-slavery forces before Civil War. John Brown/Potowatomie Creek incident Lecture notes, Chapter LeCompton Constitution, 1857 Voters could only vote For consitution with slavery, or no constitution at all. Free Soil Kansans write their own anti-slavery consitution and ratify it later. Lincoln/Douglas debates, 1858 Senate seat in Illinois New Republican Party emerged 1856 Lecture notes, Chapter Lincoln vs. Douglas Had a series of 7 debates Popular vote did not elect senators Douglas wins, but Lincoln will win Presidency in 1860 John Brown Harper s Ferry, 1859 Leads a raid on Federal Arsenal and hopes to get slaves in a general uprising. Lecture notes, Chapter Lecture notes, Chapter 12 4

5 John Brown, con t Raid only angers locals and does not cause slaves to revolt. John Brown captured, tried, hanged. Becomes a Martyr for the Anti-Slavery Cause Major Robert E. Lee and Lt. Thomas J. Jackson involved in his capture. Lecture notes, Chapter Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln wins, even though not on ticket in many Southern States. South Carolina begins drawing up secession document for ratification Believes it can enter/exit the United States as it pleases. Other states will follow, 10 more, which will make up Confederacy. Lecture notes, Chapter Lecture notes, Chapter 12 5