Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand A: The Nature of Matter

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1 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D E Earth and Shape Space Earth F G Living of Life Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand A: The Matter S.C.A knows that the vast diversity of the properties of materials is primarily due to variations in the forces that hold molecules together understands that atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, including minerals and rocks knows that a phase change in matter involves a gain or loss of energy understands that an element s position on the periodic table is related to the characteristics of the element understands that matter undergoes physical and chemical changes in natural cycles relates the rock cycle to the formation of various types of rocks S.C.A know that connections (bonds) form between substances when outer-shell electrons are either transferred or shared between their atoms, changing the properties of substances knows the difference between an element, molecule, and a compound understands that materials can be identified by their physical and chemical properties knows the difference between ionic and covalent bonding 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

2 Strand A: The Matter The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply concepts on the nature of matter basic to Earth, its materials, processes, history, and environment in space. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand A: The Matter Standard 1: understands that all matter has observable measurable properties Standard 2: understands the basic principles of atomic theory Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows and understands atomic structure understand the arrangement of the periodic table knows the different type of bonds, which can form molecules and ions knows the physical characteristics and properties of minerals and the different groups of minerals. knows the different families of rocks and how each forms knows and understands the rock cycle Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate chemical and physical properties of matter explores real-world applications of essential concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

3 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D Shape Earth E Earth and Space F of Life G Living Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand B: Energy S.C.B understand how knowledge of energy is fundamental to all the scientific disciplines (e.g., the energy required for biological processes in living organisms and the energy required for the building, erosion, and rebuilding of the earth) knows that energy exists in many forms and that there are many different types of energy transfers knows that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in an object understands how knowledge of energy is fundamental to all the scientific disciplines knows that most of the energy used today on Earth is derived from fossil fuels S.C.B that the structure of the Universe is the result of interactions involving fundamental particles (matter) and basic forces (energy) and that the evidence suggests that Universe contains all the matter and energy that ever existed understands that the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, strong, and weak nuclear forces) affect objects in the Universe understands that energy comes to Earth from the Sun s electromagnetic radiation knows that some matter breaks down through the process of radioactive decay understands the interaction and conservation of matter and energy 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

4 Strand B: Energy The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply energy concepts basic to Earth, its materials, processes, history, and environment in space. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand B: Energy Standard 1: recognizes that energy may be changed in form with varying efficiency Standard 2: understands the interaction of matter and energy Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows the four fundamental forces and their effects on objects in the universe. understands the theories of the formation of the Universe understands the law of conservation of matter and energy; and how energy is transferred knows and understands the electromagnetic spectrum understands that energy is transferred among the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere understands that energy is required for the building, erosion and rebuilding of Earth Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate energy concepts explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to. develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

5 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D Shape Earth E Earth and Space F of Life G Living Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand C: Force and Motion S.C.C know that acceleration due to gravitational force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects knows how the law of Universal gravitation applies to celestial bodies knows and understands how Newton s Laws apply to the motion of planetary bodies 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

6 Strand C: Force and Motion The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply force and motion concepts basic to Earth, its materials, processes, history, and environment in space. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand C: Force and Motion Standard 1: understands that types of motion can be described, measured and predicted Standard 2: understands that the types of force that act on an object can be described,measured and predicted Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows Newton s three laws of motion and how they apply to the universe and to the ever-changing Earth knows Kepler s and Newton s laws, and applies them to planetary motion understands the forces that cause plate movement, erosion and deposition Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate force and motion concepts explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

7 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D E Earth and Shape Space Earth F G Living of Life Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand D: that Shape the Earth S.C.D know how climatic patterns on Earth result from interplay of many factors understands the relationship between Earth s tilt and our seasons understands the basic structure of the atmosphere, it s effect on incoming and outgoing energy and energy transfer understands relationship between pressure, temperature and winds knows the hydrological cycle and its relationship to cloud formation, forms of precipitation, and different types of severe weather understands climatic patterns and their formation S.C.D know that changes in Earth s climate, geological activity, and life forms may be traced and compared knows that the long history of the Earth may be studied and traced by examining the rock record understands the differences between relative and absolute dating understands that the rock record shows evidence that organisms have undergone evolutionary changes over time understands how to interpret topographic, geologic maps and weather maps S.C.D know that the solid crust of Earth consists of slow-moving, separate plates that float on a denser, molten layer of Earth and that these plates interact with each other, changing the Earth s surface in many ways understands the concept of density and convection cycles knows the structure of the earth understands the relationship between the formation of mountains and volcanoes and the occurrence of earthquakes and the theory of plate tectonics S.C.D understand the interconnectedness of the systems on Earth and the quality of life knows that none of Earth s systems operate independently from the others knows that natural and man-made changes to the Earth s systems affect all organisms on the Earth 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

8 Strand D: that Shape the Earth The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply concepts basic to the changing Earth, its materials, processes, history, and environment in space. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand D: that Shape the Earth Standard 1: recognizes that processes in the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere interact to shape the earth Standard 2: understands the need for protection of the natural systems on Earth Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows how Earth s tilt, topography and heat exchange create the world s climates understands density and convection cycles understands the theory of plate tectonics knows the makeup of Earth s interior understands that Earth s history can be found and traced in the rock record knows that organisms have undergone evolutionary changes understands the difference between relative and absolute dating knows the different systems that operate on and around Earth, and their interactions Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate processes that shape the earth explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to. develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

9 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D Shape Earth E Earth and Space F of Life G Living Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand E: Earth and Space S.C.E understands the relationships between events on Earth and the movements of Earth, its moon, the other planets, and the Sun knows that all the planets revolve around the Sun because it is the most massive object in our solar system knows the phases of the moon and the moons relationship to tides on Earth knows that the moon s rotation around Earth helps to determine the tides understands the causes of solar and lunar eclipses S.C.E & S.C.E know how the characteristics of other planets and satellites may be similar to or different from those of Earth, and why Earth is the only planet capable of supporting life compares and contrasts the physical characteristics of the planets within our Solar system knows the various requirements for life on this planet understands the differences between Earth s atmosphere and those of other planets in our solar system S.C.E & S.C.E understands that mass affects stellar equilibrium and the end result of a stars life; white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes relates star s mass, temperature and pressure to its life cycle, and the formation of white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes understands that the star s mass determines both the gravity and thermal pressure S.C.E identify the arrangement of bodies found within and outside our galaxy knows the order of the planets in our solar system understands that in addition to planets there are comets, meteoroids, and asteroids in our solar system and galaxy knows the three basic shapes of galaxies in our universe S.C.E know astronomical distance and time. understands that the distance light travels in one year is called a light year understands that as we view the stars we are looking back into time understands the concept of distance in space S.C.E know various scientific theories on how the universe was formed relates the formation of the Universe to current scientific theories knows that the Big Bang Theory is currently one of the most accepted theories for the formation of the Universe S.C.E & S.C.E know various ways in which scientists collect data and use it to generate mathematical and computer models of the universe relates data collection to telescopes, satellites and deep space probes relates data collected to scientific principles and theories of the Universe 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

10 Strand E: Earth and Space The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply concepts basic to Earth and Space. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand E: Earth and Space Standard 1: understands the interaction and organization in the Solar System and the Universe and how this affects life on Earth Standard 2: recognizes the vastness of the Universe and Earth s place in it Essential Teacher Knowledge Content understands the order of celestial bodies in our solar system and the motions of the planets understands the lunar cycle and its effect on the tides and eclipses knows the characteristics of Earth s atmosphere and understands the requirements for life on this planet. knows the life cycle of stars understands astronomical distance and time understands theories on the formation of the Universe knows ways that scientists collect and use data to create models of the universe Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate Earth and Space concepts explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

11 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D Shape Earth E Earth and Space F of Life G Living Things & Environment H Science Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand G: How Living Things Interact with Their Environment S.C.G knows that layers of energy-rich organic materials have gradually turned into great coal beds and oil pools (fossil fuels) by the pressure of the overlying earth and that humans burn fossil fuels to release the stored energy as heat and carbon describes how fossil fuels are formed understands the effects of the use of fossil fuels on the environment knows fossil fuels currently provide most of our energy needs S.C.G knows that changes in a component of an ecosystem will have unpredictable effects on the entire system but that the components of the system tend to react in ways that will restore the ecosystem to its original condition understands that human activity impacts ecosystems understands global weather patterns understands the changes that have occurred in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere over time understands Earth as a network of systems and their interconnectedness S.C.G knows that the world ecosystems are shaped by physical factors that limit their productivity understands that the nonliving parts of an environment result in the flow of energy and cycling of matter, such as in the nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, rock and seasonal cycles understands the changes that have occurred to Earth s landmasses and their effects on the environment S.C.G knows the ways in which humans today are placing their environmental support system at risk understands the differences and types of renewable and nonrenewable resources knows ways in which people interact with the biosphere understands that policies must balance the needs of the environment with the needs of society understands the effects of overpopulation on an ecosystem understands the effect of human influences on climatic patterns 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

12 Strand G: How Living Things Interact with Their Environment The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply concepts of how living things interact with the environment basic to Earth, its materials, processes and history. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand G: How Living Things Interact with Their Environment Standard 1: understands the competitive, interdependent, cyclic nature of living things in the environment Standard 2: understands the consequences of using limited natural resources Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows ways in which energy flows through a system knows the types, formation and uses of fossils fuels understands the effects of fossil fuel use on the environment knows the types and development of alternative energy sources understands the changes and processes that have taken and will take place in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere over time and how they are interconnected knows the effects of the biotic and abiotic components on a system knows the effects that overpopulation has on the environment understands policies that balance the needs of the environment with the needs of society Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate how living things interact with their environment explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99

13 A Matter B Energy Science Strands C Force and Motion D Shape Earth E Earth and Space F of Life G Living Things & Environment Earth Science Critical Content and Performance Indicators Strand H: Science SC.H knows that investigations are conducted to explore new phenomena, to check on previous results, to test how well a theory predicts, and to compare different theories understands and applies the scientific method knows that the metric system is an international system of measurement used in scientific study uses the metric system while conducting scientific investigations knows that measurements taken while conducting scientific investigations must be accurate, precise and significant understands the need for significant digits in measurement understands the need for proper laboratory safety practices proper safety procedures while conducting scientific investigations SC.H know that from time to time, major shifts occur in the scientific view of how the world works, but that more often, the changes that take place in the body of scientific knowledge are small modifications of prior knowledge knows that there are many models which explain the structure and origin of the Universe knows that there are many models which explain the structure and behavior of the atom SC.H understands that no matter how well one theory fits observations, a new theory might fit them as well or better, or might fit a wider range of observations, because in science, the testing, revising, and occasional discarding of theories, new and old, never ends and leads to an increasingly better understanding of how things work in the world, but not to absolute truth knows that scientific theories develop from rigorous testing and experimentation applies the scientific method to problem solving SC.H knows that scientists in any one research group tend to see things alike and that therefore scientific teams are expected to seek out the possible sources of bias in the design of their investigations and in their data analysis knows that scientific investigation may be biased by external influences knows that proper laboratory investigation is designed to eliminate bias understands that similar investigations may yield different results, and that researchers are challenged to determine possible explanations for the differences H Science SC.H u nderstands that new ideas in science are limited by the context in which they are conceived, are often rejected by the scientific establishment, sometimes spring from unexpected findings, and usually grow slowly from many contributors knows that scientific discovery may arise through serendipity; springing from unexpected findings knows that new ideas in science are often initially rejected by the scientific community knows that new ideas in science may grow slowly from many contributors SC.H understands that in the short run, new ideas that do not mesh well with mainstream ideas in science often encounter vigorous criticism and that in the long run, theories are judged by how they fit with other theories, the range of observations they explain, how well they explain observations, and how effective they are in predicting new findings relates current scientific theories to their historical background compares and contrast current scientific models SC.H understands the importance of a sense of responsibility, a commitment to peer review, truthful reporting of the methods and outcomes of investigations, and making the public aware of the findings understands the need for truthful data analysis in laboratory investigations understands the importance of information for public awareness SC.H knows that scientists assume that the Universe is a vast system in which basic rules exist that may range from very simple to extremely complex but that scientists operate on the belief that the rules can be discovered by careful, systemic study uses laboratory investigations to analyze and apply basic scientific principles determines sources of uncertainty or error in laboratory investigations SC.H knows that scientists control conditions in order to obtain evidence, but when that is not possible for practical or ethical reasons, they try to observe a wide range of natural occurrences to discern patterns compares and contrast control and experimental groups knows that scientists try to observe a wide range of natural occurrences to discern patterns SC.H knows that performance testing is often conducted using small-scale models, computer simulations, or analogous systems to reduce the chance of system failure uses technology to explore real world problems uses technology in laboratory investigations understands that computer simulations and other technologies can be used to test products/processes when safety or great expense is an issue SC.H knows that technological problems often create a demand for new scientific knowledge and that new technologies make it possible for scientists to extend their research in a way that advances science knows that new scientific knowledge may arise through solving technological problems knows that technology is an application of scientific knowledge uses technology to investigate real world problems SC.H knows that scientists can bring information, insights, and analytical skills to matters of public concern and help people understand the possible causes and effects of events relates current social issues to scientific study knows that science attempts to solve real world problems SC.H knows that funds for science research come from federal government agencies, industry, and private foundations and that this funding often influences the areas of discovery knows that funding for scientific research may come from many agencies, industries, or private foundations knows that the source of scientific funding may bias research SC.H knows that the value of technology may differ for different people and at different times understands that the value of a technological tool is related to its ability to investigate a particular problem knows that current technologies may become obsolete or irrelevant SC.H knows that scientific knowledge is used by those who engage in design and technology to solve practical problems, taking human values and limitations into account knows that researchers must be sensitive to cultural values knows that human limitations must be taken into account while designing new technologies 8/9/ The School Board of Broward County, Florida

14 Strand H: Science The purpose of this strand is to develop and apply the nature of science to concepts basic to Earth/Space science. Laboratory investigations of selected topics in the content, which include the use of scientific methods, measurement, laboratory apparatus, and safety procedures, are an integral part of this strand. Strand H: Science Standard 1: Uses the scientific processes and habits of mind to solve problems. Standard 2: Understands that most natural events occur in comprehensible, consistent patterns. Standard 3: Understands that science, technology and society are interwoven and interdependent. Essential Teacher Knowledge Content knows that measurements in science are reported with accuracy, precision and significance knows that laboratory safety is an important aspect of laboratory investigation knows the steps for solving problems using the scientific method relates current scientific models to their historical development knows that scientific knowledge is modified as new discoveries are made incorporates laboratory activities emphasizing the steps of the scientific method knows that technology may be used to assist in collecting, sorting and analyzing data in scientific investigations Strategies uses laboratory activities, equipment and technology to measure, explore and demonstrate the nature of science explores real-world applications of concepts utilizes reading and writing in the content area to. develops and constructs models that illustrate and utilizes a variety of materials, methods and technology to reinforce and review concepts (i.e., text, Internet, multimedia, models, charts, samples, calculators, and journals) 1999 The School Board of Broward County, Florida 8/9/99