Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids

Transcription

1 Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids PowerUp Energy Conference Jim Plourde Program Director, Federal Microgrids and Advanced Power Systems October 28,

2 What is a Microgrid? An integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources which as an integrated system can operate in parallel with the grid or in an intentional islanded mode. Have to have: Distributed Generation (conventional or renewable) Critical loads Controls to Island and shed o preserving critical loads and system stability Electrical Distribution Protection and Control Usually have: Inverter based generation sources Storage or load flexibility AMI and SCADA Software A communications network Sequence of Events Recording(SER) Controls To Island Stability Distributed Generation Electrical Distribution Protection and Control Critical Loads Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 5

3 Our perspective Positive Microgrid market drivers: Feasible financial models demonstrating ROI Federal mandates for EE Increased focus on security Expanding interest in having consistent codes and standards Co-opetition with utilities Energy storage options are increasing and costs are dropping Benefits in adopting Microgrids: Organize distributed energy resources into a beneficial supplemental power source for end-users and the grid Reduce cost of peak power while enhancing grid reliability Enhance reliability, seamlessly interconnecting with and separating from the grid when it experiences an outage Disconnect from the grid when the cost of power exceeds the cost of local generation Serve a remote or otherwise logistically difficult area Public Utilities agree that change is on its way Grid modernization is really going to change the rules of the game, said Ann Berwick, Chair of the Mass. Dept. of Public Utilities. Utilities, regulators, customers It s going to break open our world to all kinds of new approaches to the distribution of electricity and how we pay for it. 9 9

4 Microgrid Expertise Varied Experience Experience working on different DER types > Base load (on all the time) - Conventional - Gas Steam Turbine, Diesels - Inverter Based - Solar, Wind, Fuel Cell, Micro turbines, Electrical Energy Storage > Emergency - Diesels Healthcare, Datacenter, critical applications > Experience working on different Control types > Open Transition > Close Transition > Hybrid Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 10

5 Value Proposition Customize DERs to deliver enhanced reliability; efficiency and optimization; and environmental benefits. Reliable Energy Ability to proactively island from utility and reconnect Preserve critical loads 24/7/365 Repurposing grid tied inverters for island mode operation Determine root cause of outages and restore power quickly Green Energy Efficiency & Optimization Minimize energy costs through fuel switching, load control and grid services Prioritize most critical loads Have energy flexibility with the grid Harness combined heat and power, maximize incentives Green Energy Incorporate low cost solar, CHP and other Distributed Energy Resources Implement net-zero projects, reducing carbon footprint Store energy for stability and grid services Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 12

6 SE Integration & Controls enable Microgrids 1 Reliable SCADA, with near time load data and Real time source data is the key to State of the Art Microgrid controls. System Stability data is the other key MAINS and INTERCONNECT Where DER is in continued parallel operation, high speed control allows preservation of the most critical load, even potential export of DER 4 Arc Fault Mitigation Can save a substation 1c Dynamic control relies upon knowing Precise load data, even if it is several seconds old 1b - High speed grid data, Freq. Triggers armed loads to shed, site wide Relaying and control retrofits and analysis 3 BiDirectional high speed inverters can add MG stability (voltage, frequency) and increase system capacity (kvars) 5 SER can pinpoint a root Cause is minutes vs. hours or days (downstream PCC) 2 Rotating DER sources can be used as an anchor resource to safely repurpose grid tied solar, fuel Cells Storage Traditional AMI data/metering SE has key hardware/software bricks in PLCs, Relays, SERs, SCADA, 16

7 UCONN - Load Management Microgrid Controller CL&P 13.8kV 500kVA Xfmr 480V 480V 50kW Load Bank 208V 208V 400kW Fuel Cell/Inverter System Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Switchable Facility Loads 2 x 3.3kW PV Arrays/Inverters 17

8 UCONN Distribution Automation Microgrid Controller CL&P 13.8kV MV Circuit Breakers LV Circuit Breakers 500kVA Xfmr 480V 50kW Load Bank 400kW Fuel Cell/Inverter System Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 480V 208V 208V Switchable Facility Loads 2 x 3.3kW PV Arrays/Inverters 18

9 UCONN Grounding w/ Zig-Zag Xfmr Microgrid Controller CL&P 13.8kV Zig-Zag Xfmr 400A Neutral Ground Resistor 500kVA Xfmr 480V 50kW Load Bank 400kW Fuel Cell/Inverter System Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 480V 208V 208V Switchable Facility Loads 2 x 3.3kW PV Arrays/Inverters 19

10 Oncor MicroGrid 4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets (2) PV arrays (1) Microturbine (2) Batteries (4) Generators 20

11 Chevron Load Preservation Microgrid K e e p i n g M W + o f C H P u p w h e n t h e g r i d i s d o w n 22

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13 Oncor MicroGrid 4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets (2) PV arrays (1) Microturbine (2) Batteries (4) Generators 28

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15 Conclusions and Questions Almost every MG is a brown field Create and follow a proper Preconstruction and Design plan Know your drivers - source and uses Understand constraints and goals Identify the critical and less critical loads Real Time Operation Have a system in place for monitoring and optimizing the microgrid level resources Understand control operations in each Sequence of Operations Nothing is ever static For best results, the MG controller must adjust based on real time and forecasted status You can t control what you can t measure Testing and simulation are critical Questions 30

16 Wrap Up 31