Where can you find the secret code that tells the body how to build you?
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- Edgar Pope
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1
2 Where can you find the secret code that tells the body how to build you?
3 Any idea what these 23 pairs are? C h r o m o s o m e s!
4
5 Cells contain a genetic code that is on chromosomes.
6 The DNA Code Chromosomes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code that tells the cell what protein to produce. Change 14
7 Structure of DNA The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. Change 14
8 DNA is made up of four nitrogen bases. Nitrogen bases are molecules that contain the element nitrogen and other elements DNA has four kinds of nitrogen bases: (A) adenine, thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
9 Each of the bases pairs together like rungs of a ladder. (A) adenine pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Change 14
10 How Cells Make Proteins During protein synthesis, the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein. Change 14
11 How Cells Make Proteins A group of three DNA bases codes for one specific protein. The order of the three-base code determines the order in which amino acids are put together to form a specific protein. Change 14
12 BrainPOP! DNA
13 Matching DNA gene chromosome base condensed DNA DNA between a start and stop point = one protein four of these make up the DNA code; form pairs deoxyribonucleic acid (nucleotide)
14 Protein Synthesis DNA provides code to form messenger RNA. Messenger RNA attaches to ribosome. Transfer RNA reads the messenger RNA. Amino acids are added to the growing protein by transfer RNA. Change 14
15 Reading: Activity: Mitosis Tracing
16 1. What is the full name of the chemical substance represented by the letters DNA? 2. The smallest molecules that make up DNA are called. 3. Name the two pairs of nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of DNA. 4. What gives each person a unique DNA code? 5. Describe two characteristics of a gene. 6. When DNA condenses before cell division what does it form? 7. Write the following three terms in the correct order for cell division by mitosis: cytokinesis, interphase (DNA duplication), and mitosis. 8. Which is the correct order for the steps of mitosis? 9. Mitosis has only division step, while meiosis has divisions. 10. The result of mitosis is cells each with genetic material to the parent cell. Meiosis results in gametes, each with only the genetic material of the original cell.
17 1. What is the full name of the chemical substance represented by the letters DNA? 2. The smallest molecules that make up DNA are called. 3. Name the two pairs of nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of DNA. Change 14
18 4. What gives each person a unique DNA code? 5. Describe two characteristics of a gene. 6. When DNA condenses before cell division it forms: a. chromosomes c. nuclei b. chromatin d. nucleotides
19 7. Write the following three terms in the correct order for cell division by mitosis: cytokinesis, interphase (DNA duplication), and mitosis. 8. Which is the correct order for the steps of mitosis? a. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase b. metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase c. anaphase, metaphase, telophase, prophase d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
20 9. Mitosis has only division step, while meiosis has divisions. 10. The result of mitosis is cells each with genetic material to the parent cell. Meiosis results in gametes, each with only the genetic material of the original cell.
21 Down s syndrome, cancer, and obesity have all been linked to a disorder where the chromosome has a defect. Conduct research to discover other disorders that have been linked to genes and chromosomes. Report your findings to your class.
22 Explore various links about mitosis, meiosis, genes and chromosomes. web links
23 1. deoxyribonucleic acid
24 2. nucleotides
25 3. adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine
26 4. the sequence of nucleotides [in the DNA]
27 5. Accept any two reasonable answers. The following are listed in the Student Book: basic unit of inheritance, segment of DNA code, all genes not the same length, markers indicate where the gene starts and stops, and one gene creates only one protein.
28 6. a. chromosomes
29 7. interphase (DNA replication), mitosis, cytokinesis
30 8. d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
31 9. one, two
32 10. two, identical, four, half
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