Chapter 10: BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ASSIGNMENT KEY Part A BLOOD

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1 Water Name: Block: Date: Chapter 10: BLOOD AND CIRCULATION ASSIGNMENT KEY Part A BLOOD 1. The smallest of the white cells is the _lymphocytes_, which has a roung_nucleus and makes _antibodies_. 2. Oxygen is transported about the body in combination with _hemoglobin_. 3. At the arterial side of a capillary, _Blood pressure_ aids the passage of water out of the blood. At the venous side, osmotic pressure_brings about the passage of water into the blood. 4. Small organic molecules such as glucose are transported in the _plasma portion of blood. 5. Blood clotting is dependent on both a formed element, _platelets_, and two proteins in the blood, _fibrinogen_and _prothrombin. 6. White cells are divided into the _agranular leukocytes and the granular leukocytes ; the latter have granules in the cytoplasm. 7. Antibodies are protein molecules, which combine with _antigens_. 8. Neutrophils function by _phagocytizing _bacteria. 9. Blood type AB has _A and B_ antigens on the red cells and no_antibodies in the plasma. 10. An Rh-negative woman may form _antibodies that destroy her Rh-_positive baby's _RBCs or erythrocytes_. 11. Fill in the following table: PlasmaConstituent Source Plasma Proteins a. Albumin b. Fibrinogen c. Globulins Gases a. Oxygen b. CO 2 Nutrients: Fats, glucose, amino acids, etc. Salts Wastes Maintains blood _volume_and _transports_molecules All maintain blood_volume & _ph maintain BP and volume aid in clotting Fight _infections cellular respiration End product of metabolism food_for cells Maintain blood blood osmotic pressure /_ph_, aid _ metabolism urea & uric acid are excreted by the kidneys Absorbed from large intestine liver liver lymphocytes lungs tissues Absorbed from small intestine Absorbed from large intestine liver and cell metabolism_ Hormones, vitamins etc. aid metabolism varied sources_ 12. Life cycle of red blood cells: The red cells, scientifically called _erythrocytes, are made in the red bone marrow. Upon maturation, they are small, biconcave disks that lack a _nuclei_, but they are filled with the complex protein called _hemoglobin_, which transports oxygen about the body. After about 120 days, the red cells are destroyed in _liver or spleen. Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 1 of 7

2 13. Life cycle of white cells: Most white cells, scientifically called _leukocytes_, are made in the _red bone marrow, but lymphocytes are also made in the lymphatic organs_. White cells are divided into two types, the _granular leukocytes_and the _agranular leukocytes_. Leukocytes with many-lobed nuclei are called _granularcytes_. 14. Fill in the following table with the contrasting word or phrase: Neutrophil Lymphocyte polymorphonuclear monomorphonuclear granular agranular phagocytic specific immunity diffentiate from WBCs made in lymphoid tissue 15. The two ways that white cells fight infection are: Phagocytosis and antibody production 16. Blood clotting: These are the reactions that occur when blood clots. Put a check beside those substances that are always present in the blood. Put an X beside those substances that arise after blood begins the process of clotting. Put a star beside those substances that act as enzymes. Underline the words that indicate the actual clot. not on test platelets X Thromboblastin prothrombin activator prothrombin X * thrombin fibrinogen X fibrin threads 17. The capillaries are the most important part of the circulatory system because this is where nutrients and O2 are exchanged with wastes and CO2_. 18. Blood typing is based on antigen-antibody reaction, which takes place when an antigen is brought into contact with an antibody of the same type letter. The antigen-antibody reaction causes clumping or agglutination of the red cells. In the plasma, the antibodies present will not be of the same type letter as the antigen. Why not? so the antibodies do no attack the person s own blood 19. Fill in the following table: Blood Type of Antibody Can Receive From Can Donate To Antigen A b A, O A, AB B a B, O B, AB AB - A, B, AB, O AB O a,b O A, B, AB, O 20. Which combination can lead to fetal erythroblastosis? Rh _negative_mother and Rh positive father. 21. Which of the following is NOT a blood protein? a) collagen b) prothrombin c) albumin d) fibrinogen e) globulin. 22. Plasma is a) the same as tissue fluid b) the liquid remaining after blood clots c) the liquid part of blood Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 2 of 7

3 Name: Block: Date: d) all of these 23. In which way is a neutrophil like a lymphocyte? a) they both produce antibodies b) they are both phagocytic c) they are both made in lymphoid tissue d) they both have a many-lobed nucleus e) they are both white cells f) all of these 24. Water leaves capillaries at their arterial ends because a) osmotic pressure gradients are in opposite directions b) blood pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure c) a gradient is established for passive diffusion d) osmotic pressure is always greater than blood pressure e) b and d 25. Water reenters capillaries at their venule ends because of a) active transport from interstitial fluid b) a protein concentration gradient correct answer should be due to the decreasing BP c) increasing blood pressure d) increasing hemoglobin production 26. An Rh-positive fetus being carried by an Rh-negative mother a) develops antibodies to the mother's blood b) develops antigens to the mother's blood c) may have its red cells attacked by antibodies made by the mother d) may have its red cells attacked by antigens made by the mother 27. The agglutination of red blood cells occurs whenever a) appropriate antibodies bind with antigens on red cells b) a person receives a blood transfusion from someone with an incompatible blood type c) complementary antibodies combine d) blood cells are destroyed by leukocytes e) a and b PART B CIRCULATION 1. The major systemic artery in the body is the _aorta_. 2. The systemic system begins with the _left ventricle_ of the heart and ends with the right ventricle_ of the heart. 3. Contraction of the heart is called _systole_; just following contraction, blood pressure is at it highest_. 4. The SA node is often called the _pacemaker_. 5. The first wave in an electrocardiogram occurs during the contraction of the _atria_; the second occurs during the contraction of the _ventricles_. 6. A vein is a blood vessel that takes blood to the _heart_. Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 3 of 7

4 7. Movement of blood in the veins is aided by _skeletal muscle contraction. 8. Capillaries are tiny vessels with very _thin_walls, facilitating the exchange of molecules. 9. The lymph vessels begin in the tissues and eventually join the _subclavian_veins. 10. Two dietary components that may contribute to the medical condition hypertension are _salt_and _fat_. 11. A stroke occurs when brain cells are denied oxygen. 12. Label the parts of the circulatory system in this diagram below: 1. superior/anterior vena 2. aortic arch 3. SA node cava 4. right atrium 5. AV node 6. inferior/posterior vena cava 7. left AV valve 8. right ventricle 9. pulmonary trunk 10. pulmonary vein 11. left atrium 12. left AV valve 13. aortic semilunar valve 14. left ventricle 15. septum 16. pulmonary semilunar valve 13. Match the structures in the key to the 9 1 statements below: Key: ARTERY VEIN CAPILLARY i. has the thickest walls: _ ARTERY _ 2 3 ii. has valves: _ VEIN iii. has the greatest total cross-sectional area: CAPILLARY 4 12 iv. takes blood away from the heart: _ ARTERY _ v. takes blood to the heart: VEIN vi. exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with tissues: CAPILLARY _ The path of blood through the heart. Starting with vena cava, list the structures in order through which blood flows. Use the parts in the column on the left. Structures (Alphabetical Correct Order listing) 1. aorta bicuspid valve 0 3. left atrium 9 4. left ventricle lungs 7 6. pulmonary artery 6 7. pulmonary semilunar valve 5 8. pulmonary veins 8 9. right atrium right ventricle semilunar valve tricuspid valve vena cava 1 Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 4 of

5 Name: Block: Date: 15. The heart beats about _60_times a minute. What actually happens is that the _SA_node initiates the contraction of the _atria_(chambers). The nervous stimulus is picked up by the _AV_node, and this initiates the contraction of the _ventricles_(chambers). When the chambers are not actually contracting, they are relaxing. Contraction is termed systole, and resting is termed diastole_. 16. When the atria contracts, this forces the blood through the Atrioventricular valves into the ventricles_. The closing of these valves is the lub sound. Next the ventricles contract and force the blood into the arteries. Now the semilunar_valves close, and this is the DUPP sound. A heart murmur is caused by faulty valves. 17. Of what significance is each of the following in an electrocardiogram like the one on the right? i. P wave: SA node signal just before atrial systole ii. QRS wave: _AV node signal through AV bundle branches and purkinje fibers just before ventricular sytole_ iii. T wave: _residual electrical activity during heart diastole_ 18. Using the diagram of the circulatory system in your text that shows the major blood vessels, trace the path of blood from: i. the left ventricle to the legs: aortic semilunar, aorta, iliac arteries, femorial arteries_ ii. the legs to the right atrium: femoral veins, iliac arteries, inferior vena cava iii. the aorta to the liver: aorta, hepatic artery, liver OR aorta, mesenteric arteries, hepatic portal vein, liver iv. the liver to the vena cava: liver, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava 19. a) Label the indicated parts of the fetal heart at righ: b. List the four structural differences between the fetal circulatory system and the adult, as well as the function of each difference. oval opening P Q R S T arterial duct Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 5 of 7

6 Structure A Structure B Structure C Structure D 1. 2 umbilical arteries that carry CO2 and wastes to the placenta and 1 umbilical vein that carries O2 and nutrients from placenta to fetus 2. arterial duct (ductus arteriosus) between Pulm. trunk and aorta to bypass pulmonary circulation 3. Oval opening (foramen ovale) between right and left atrium to shut blood from right to left and bypass pulmonary circulation 4. venous duct (ductus venosus) between umbilical vein and inferior vena cava to deliver nutrients and O2 to fetus and bypass liver 20. There are only two types of lymph vessels, the lymph capillaries and the lymph _ducts_. 21. Mix and match the correct term for each description on the left. O 1. largest artery A valves _F 2. returns tissue fluid to the circulatory system B thrombus A 3. prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction C systolic blood pressure E_ 4. vessel transporting blood through kidneys D stroke G_ 5. vessel transporting blood through legs E renal K_ 6. localized swelling due to excess tissue fluid F lymphatic system M_ 7. supply blood to the heart G iliac C_ 8. the highest arterial pressure H hypertension L_ 9. the lowest arterial pressure I heart attack H_ 10. condition of high blood pressure J embolism N_ 11. "hardening of the arteries" K edema B_ 12. a stationary clot along an arterial wall L diastolic blood pressure J_ 13. a dislodged, moving thrombus M coronary arteries D_ 14. when a portion of the brain dies due to a lack of N atherosclerosis oxygen P_ 15. chest pain (including pain in the left arm) O aorta I_ 16. occurs when circulation to part of the heart is blocked P angina pectoris 22. How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary? a) they both contain blood b) they both contain valves c) they both have thin walls d) they are both connected to the vena cava Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 6 of 7

7 Name: Block: Date: 23. If you press a finger down on a prominent vein, say, on the back of your hand and then slide the finger distally to a new pressure point closer to the fingers, would you expect the section of vein you just moved along to refill with blood? Suppose you had moved the finger proximally toward the upper arm? no because valves prevent backflow in the other direction, blood is moving to the heart, so it would remain full 24. Explain how the blood that right now is arriving at your fingertips will get back to your heart. What will drive its movement? blood moves through veins by skeletal muscle contraction and one-way valves that prevent backflow. Ch10 Extra Worksheet Assignment KEY - Page 7 of 7