Mon 10/6 Activities 1 st Segment WFP (Day 11/12) Chpt 21 Quiz 2 nd Segment *22.1 notes/ 22.1 SG* (due 10/7) Notes

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1 Mon 10/6 Activities 1 st Segment WFP (Day 11/12) Chpt 21 Quiz 2 nd Segment *22.1 notes/ 22.1 SG* (due 10/7) Notes **discuss weekly plan** Hand out *test study guide* *Assignments attached (scroll down)* Online book: username: bio678 password:a4s5s Holt McDougal Biology 0 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

2 Biology Sec Outline Name: Date: Pd: Sec KEY CONCEPTS All plants alternate between two phases in their life cycles. Plant life cycles alternate between producing spores and gametes. A two-phase life cycle is called of generations. phase phase between the two The spore-producing plant is the mature. sporophyte phase is begins with egg spores produced through The gamete-producing plant is the mature. gametophyte phase is begins with gametes produced through Life cycle phases look different among various plant groups. Nonvascular plants have a dominant gametophyte phase. moss gametophytes look like green carpet Holt McDougal Biology 1 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

3 moss sporophytes shoot up as structures The sporophyte is the dominant phase for seedless vascular plants. Fern form in sacs, sori, on underside of mature sporophytes ( ). A fern gametophyte, or, produces sperm and eggs. A _ forms on the prothallus, growing into the sporophyte. The sporophyte is the dominant phase for seed plants. are typical seed plant sporophytes female spores produced in female male spores produced in male male spores develop into, the male gametophytes female spores develop into female gametophytes that produce sperm from pollen travel down pollen toward egg fertilized egg develops into develops into protective pine seed Holt McDougal Biology 2 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

4 Section 22.1: Plant Life Cycles Study Guide MAIN IDEA: Plant life cycles alternate between producing spores and gametes. Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. A life cycle that alternates between diploid and haploid generations is called. a. sporophyte c. alternation of generations b. gametophyte d. meiosis 2. A zygote divides by mitosis and grows into a mature _. a. sporophyte c. alternation of generations b. gametophyte d. meiosis 3. A spore divides by mitosis and grows into a mature _. a. sporophyte c. alternation of generations b. gametophyte d. meiosis 4. Meiosis leads to the generation of a involved in the plant life cycle. a. sporophyte c. alternation of generations b. gametophyte d. meiosis 5. Fertilization leads to the generation of a involved in the plant life cycle. a. sporophyte c. alternation of generations b. gametophyte d. meiosis True or False Read each of the following statements and determine if it is true or false. If the statement is false, correct it by writing the term(s) in the blank provided. _ 6. On leaves, the upperside of mesophyll has the least chloroplasts. _ 7. During the day, the stomata of most plants are open.. _ 8. The shape of leaves are adapted to their environment. _ 9. The bud marks where a leaf ends. _ 10. If a plant is gaining water faster than it is losing, the guard cells inflate. Holt McDougal Biology 3 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

5 continued MAIN IDEA: Life cycle phases look different among various plant groups. Fill in the table below with the name of the plant group. Plant Group Example Sporophyte (2n) Gametophyte (1n) 11. Mosses Stalk with capsule Very small, lowgrowing green carpetlike plants 12. Ferns Leafy fronds Prothallus 13. Conifers Tree Pollen grains (male gametophyte) Female cone scale (female gametophyte) Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the sentence. 14. The two phases that alternate, or pass back and forth, in the alternation of generations are sporophyte and. 15. A haploid plant body is called a _. 16. A diploid plant body is called a _. Holt McDougal Biology 4 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

6 Chapter Review Name Chapter What is the main difference between plants and most green algae? 2. Why are most plants and some algae green? 3. The first true plants were probably most similar to modern. 4. Seed plants do not rely on standing water to reproduce. What do they rely on? 5. Describes the direction in which sugars are most commonly transported by the vascular system. 6. What happens during pollination? 7. What are seed plants whose seeds are not enclosed in fruit? 8. How do fleshy fruits often play a role in seed dispersal? 9. How many seed leaves do dicots have? 10. Describe annuals, biennials and perennials and give examples of each. 11. What is the study of plants? 12. In the past, spices were sometimes used as_. Holt McDougal Biology 5 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

7 13. How long ago did people start using plant products as medicines? Chapter The strongest plant cells are cells. 15. What is the function of collenchyma cells? 16. What is the function of the vascular tissue? 17. Cohesion is a result of hydrogen bonds that form between what? 18. What are the protective cells at the very tip of the root called? 19. How is water moved upward in the xylem? What is this process called? 20. Which type of tissue makes up most of the inside of a plant? 21. What are tiny extensions of dermal cells on the roots called? 22. In a cross section of a tree. What does each ring represent? 23. How is the blade of a leaf connected to the stem?. 24. What are the functions of plant stems? 25. Which leaf adaptations occur to minimize water loss in both deserts and cold Holt McDougal Biology 6 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

8 dry climates? 26. What is the main use of the upper surfaces of leaves? 27. Water loss is not a problem for what group of plants? Chapter What process does a spore go through as it grows into a mature gametophyte? 29. Parts of a mature gametophyte produce gametes through the process of. 30. Seedless plants disperse to new areas using_. 31. When a sperm of a conifer fertilizes an egg, it forms a(n). 32. In what structure are the pollen grains produced? 33. Colorful fragrant flowers are most likely pollinated by_. 34. In double fertilization, one sperm fertilizes an egg and the other forms a cell. 35. What method would a coconut fruit use in dispersing coconut seeds? 36. During dormancy, what plant stage is protected from extreme conditions by the seed coat? Holt McDougal Biology 7 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

9 37. At what point is a young plant called a seedling? 38. Strawberries reproduce mainly by sending out runners, or. 39. Plant growers create new plants from parts of a parent plant using what process? 40. Which type of plant hormone produces dramatic increases in the size of a plant? 41. Cutting off the growing tip of a plant reduces the auxin in the primary stem and encourages the growth of what? 42. A root growing downward and a shoot growing upward are both examples of what? 43. In flowering plants, where are the pollen grains produced? 44. In flowering plants, where are the egg cells produced? 45. What characteristics are used to identify plants. Give examples of each. 46. What begins the diploid phase of a plant life cycle? 47. What begins the haploid phase of a plant life cycle? Holt McDougal Biology 8 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

10 Holt McDougal Biology 9 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

11 Holt McDougal Biology 10 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response