5) 6) 7)

Transcription

1 Name: Teacher: Date: Class/Period: 1) 2) 3) 4)

2 5) 6) 7)

3 8) 9) 10)

4 11) 12)

5 13) 14)

6 15) 16)

7 Task Please use the space below to write your response(s) to the writing assignment provided by your teacher. If there are multiple tasks to the question, please clearly label the number or letter of each task in the column to the left of your answers. If you need additional pages for your response, your teacher can provide them. Please write the name of the writing assignment here:

8 Answer Key 1) D 2) B 3) B 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) C 8) D 9) C 10) C 11) C 12) C 13) A

9 14) Scoring Criteria: A 4-point response will include, but is not limited to, the following points: Description of difference between sex chromosomes and autosomal chromosomes: Sex chromosomes are the pair of chromosomes that determine the gender of an individual. Autosomal chromosomes are the remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the gender of an individual. Explanation of why females are less likely to inherit hemophilia than males: In order for hemophilia to be expressed, a female, who carries two X chromosomes (one from each parent), must inherit a hemophilia allele from both parents. Females who receive only one hemophilia allele from either parent are carriers of the trait, but do not have hemophilia. Since males only have one X chromosome (inherited from his mother), males who receive a normal allele from the mother will not have hemophilia, but males who receive the hemophilia allele will have hemophilia. Note: Examinees may use an example as an alternative explanation. If a female carrying the hemophilia trait mates with a male who has hemophilia, there is a 50% chance for both their male and their female offspring to have hemophilia. However, if a female carrying the hemophilia trait mates with a male who does not have hemophilia, there is a 50% chance for their male offspring to have hemophilia, but a 0% chance for their female offspring to have hemophilia. Thus, females are less likely to inherit hemophilia. Explanation of why males and females are equally likely to inherit PKU: The PKU allele is located on an autosomal chromosome. Males and females each have 2 versions of each of their autosomal chromosomes. As such, each gender is equally likely to receive either a normal allele or the PKU allele. Therefore, each gender is also equally likely to receive 2 copies of the PKU allele, which will result in the person having PKU.

10 Rubric: 4 A response at this level provides evidence of thorough knowledge and The content of the response is correct and thorough, with no significant errors. The response contains elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates insight into scientific concepts and principles, and contains no misconceptions. The explanation in the response is clear and is enhanced by correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 3 A response at this level provides evidence of competent knowledge and The content of the response is generally correct and complete. The response contains some elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates sufficient understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it may contain a few minor misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly clear and is supported by some correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 2 A response at this level provides evidence of basic knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. The content of the response is partially correct, and it may be incomplete. The response contains a little elaboration and/or detail to demonstrate some understanding of scientific concepts and principles, but it may contain some significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is sometimes clear and sometimes demonstrates correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 1 A response at this level provides evidence of minimal knowledge and The content of the response is mostly incorrect, and it is incomplete. The response contains little or no elaboration or detail to demonstrate understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it contains evidence of significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly unclear and demonstrates little or no correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 0 A response at this level is not scorable. The response is off-topic, blank, hostile, or otherwise not scorable.

11 15) Scoring Criteria: A 4-point response will include, but is not limited to, the following points: Allele designations and genotype labels: X B = noncolor-blind allele X b = color-blind allele Y = male sex chromosome X B X B and X B X b = noncolor-blind female X B Y = noncolor-blind male X b X b = color-blind female X b Y = color-blind male Note: The examinee may use alternate, clearly labeled designations. They must indicate that females are XX and males are XY and that the allele is carried only on the X chromosome. Diagram of family pedigree indicating each named individual s genotype and phenotype for color blindness: The response must include an accurately diagrammed pedigree. Each named individual s genotype must be noted, and circles and squares for color-blind individuals must be filled in accordingly to reflect phenotype. Determination of the probability of Sue and Tom s second child being colorblind if that child is a boy: 50% Punnett Square and explanation: Since Sue is not color-blind, but has a color-blind mother, her genotype must be X B X b. Tom is also not color-blind, so he must have the genotype X B Y. The probability that any son born to Sue and Tom will be color-blind is 50%. Sons will either have the genotype X B Y and not be color-blind, or have the genotype X b Y and be color-blind. Determination of the probability of Sue and Tom s second child being colorblind if that child is a girl: 0%

12 Punnett Square and explanation: Since Sue is not color-blind, but has a color-blind mother, her genotype must be X B X b. Tom is also not color-blind, so he must have the genotype X B Y. The probability that any daughter born to Sue and Tom will be color-blind is 0%. Daughters will have the genotype X B X B or X B X b and not be color-blind in either case. Note: Examinees may use the same Punnett square as explanation for both bullets.

13 Rubric: 4 A response at this level provides evidence of thorough knowledge and The content of the response is correct and thorough, with no significant errors. The response contains elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates insight into scientific concepts and principles, and contains no misconceptions. The explanation in the response is clear and is enhanced by correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 3 A response at this level provides evidence of competent knowledge and The content of the response is generally correct and complete. The response contains some elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates sufficient understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it may contain a few minor misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly clear and is supported by some correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 2 A response at this level provides evidence of basic knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. The content of the response is partially correct, and it may be incomplete. The response contains a little elaboration and/or detail to demonstrate some understanding of scientific concepts and principles, but it may contain some significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is sometimes clear and sometimes demonstrates correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 1 A response at this level provides evidence of minimal knowledge and The content of the response is mostly incorrect, and it is incomplete. The response contains little or no elaboration or detail to demonstrate understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it contains evidence of significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly unclear and demonstrates little or no correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 0 A response at this level is not scorable. The response is off-topic, blank, hostile, or otherwise not scorable.

14 16) Scoring Criteria: A 4-point response will include, but is not limited to, the following points: Allele designations and genotype labels: T = allele for exhibiting tylosis TT or Tt = individuals exhibiting tylosis t = allele for not exhibiting tylosis tt = individuals not exhibing tylosis Note: The examinee may use alternate, clearly labeled designations. Determination of Ryan s genotype and whether he has tylosis: Ryan s genotype is Tt and he has tylosis. Explanation of the answer: Kate (Ryan s wife) does not have tylosis, but Bryce (Ryan and Kate s son) has tylosis. Kate does not have a T allele because she does not have tylosis, so Bryce must have received a T allele from Ryan. Therefore, Ryan must have tylosis. Since Erin does not have tylosis, she must have received a t allele from both Ryan and Kate. Therefore, Ryan s genotype is Tt. Optional Punnett square: Kate (tt) x Ryan (Tt) Diagram of the pedigree for this family indicating each individual s genotype and phenotype for tylosis: The response must include an accurately diagrammed pedigree. Each named individual s genotype must be noted, and circles and squares for individuals exhibiting tylosis must be filled in accordingly to reflect phenotype. Determination of the probability that Erin and Liam s third child will have tylosis: 50% Explanation: Since Erin does not have tylosis, she must have the genotype tt. Since Liam has tylosis, he must have the genotype TT or Tt. Liam must have the genotype Tt because his son, Kyle, has tylosis, but his daughter, Jana, does not. Liam must carry

15 only one copy of the dominant gene, otherwise all of his children would have tylosis. The Punnett square show that there is 50% chance for any of Erin and Liam s children to have the genotype Tt and have tylosis. Punnett Square: Erin (tt) x Liam (Tt)

16 Rubric: 4 A response at this level provides evidence of thorough knowledge and The content of the response is correct and thorough, with no significant errors. The response contains elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates insight into scientific concepts and principles, and contains no misconceptions. The explanation in the response is clear and is enhanced by correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 3 A response at this level provides evidence of competent knowledge and The content of the response is generally correct and complete. The response contains some elaboration and/or detail that demonstrates sufficient understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it may contain a few minor misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly clear and is supported by some correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 2 A response at this level provides evidence of basic knowledge and understanding of the subject matter. The content of the response is partially correct, and it may be incomplete. The response contains a little elaboration and/or detail to demonstrate some understanding of scientific concepts and principles, but it may contain some significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is sometimes clear and sometimes demonstrates correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 1 A response at this level provides evidence of minimal knowledge and The content of the response is mostly incorrect, and it is incomplete. The response contains little or no elaboration or detail to demonstrate understanding of scientific concepts and principles, and it contains evidence of significant misconceptions. The explanation in the response is mostly unclear and demonstrates little or no correct use of appropriate scientific terminology to communicate understanding. 0 A response at this level is not scorable. The response is off-topic, blank, hostile, or otherwise not scorable.