Growth and Yield Performance of Nerica Rice in Aus Season under Integrated Nitrogenous Nutrient Management System

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1 American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 0 (6): 3-36, 0 ISSN -67 IDOSI Publications, 0 DOI: 0.9/idosi.aejsr Growth and Yield Performance of Nerica Rice in Aus Season under Integrated Nitrogenous Nutrient Management System Md. Kashedul, S. Shahriar, A.S.M. Fazle Bari, Mst. Sharmin Sultana and H. Mehraj Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-07, Bangladesh The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3--7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-6, Japan Abstract: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of NERICA 0 during Aus season (Mid March-July), 0. Eleven treatments coded from T to T were used in the experiment. The maximum highest panicle length and effective tillers/hill was found in T 0 (40 kg N from urea + 0 kg N from cowdung), maximum filled grains/panicle and 000-grains weight was recorded in T (00% N from equal portion of cowdung and vermicompost). The maximum grain yield (4.4 t/ha) and straw yield (.4 t/ha) was found from T i.e., 00 kg N form urea and 0 kg N substituted by vermicompost, while the 3 minimum was found from T (. t/ha and. t/ha, respectively). T increased of 90% grain yield and 3 4.% straw yield over control which was the maximum than other treatments. The effect of vermicompost along with nitrogenous fertilizer was the most pronounced than that of cowdung or nitrogenous fertilizer alone. Application of 00 kg N from urea with 0 kg N from vermicompost was best for higher rice yield. Key words: NERICA 0 Nitrogenous Nutrient and Yield INTRODUCTION In Bangladesh Aus is the fallow season and farmers cultivate vegetable crops. In Aus season, sufficient rainfall is not available for rice cultivation. Maximum high-yielding rice varieties require 40 to 60 days to fulfill their life cycle. If theses varieties are cultivated in Aus season, farmers will not cultivate Aman rice. So, rice cultivation in Aus season is low in Bangladesh and farmers cultivate vegetable crops. Moreover, the high-yielding rice varieties currently used in Bangladesh take between 40 and 60 days to harvest. NERICA is a drought tolerant short duration crop usually requires 00-0 days []. So it can be cultivated in rain fed Aus season and can save irrigation cost as well as time which are a good sign for ensuring food security of the nation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) maintains soils as storehouses of plant nutrients that are essential for vegetative growth. INM is, however, not a matter of conserving soil nutrient alone, but rather it combines organic and mineral methods of soil fertility management with physical and biological measures of soil and water conservation. It integrates technologies that are site-specific to agronomic and socio-economic conditions to redress nutrient imbalances and organic matter deterioration. The INM must essentially look into three main challenges: (I) judicious use of mineral fertilizers; (ii) maximize use of organic materials; and (iii) minimize negative environmental impacts. The organic manures viz. cowdung and vermicompost may be used as an alternative source of N which increases efficiency of applied N []. The study was conducted to observe the performance of NERICA 0 rice variety in Aus season of Bangladesh under INM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Site, Time and Genetic Material: The experiment was conducted in the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka, Bangladesh in Aus season of 0. NERICA 0 cultivar was used in the experiment. Treatments of the Experiment: Eleven different fertilizer combinations viz., T : No chemical fertilizer and organic manure (Control); T : 00% recommended N (0 kg Corresponding Author: H. Mehraj, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3--7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime, 790-6, Japan. 3

2 Am-Euras. J. Sci. Res., 0 (6): 3-36, 0 - nitrogen ha ); T 3: 00 kg N from urea + 0 kg N substituted by vermicompost; T 4: 00 kg N from urea + 0 kg N substituted by cowdung; T : 0 kg N from urea + 40 kg N substituted by vermicompost; T : 0 kg N from urea kg N substituted by cowdung; T : 60 kg N from urea kg N substituted by vermicompost; T : 60 kg N from urea + 60 kg N substituted by cowdung; T : 40 kg N from 9 urea + 0 kg N substituted by vermicompost; T : 40 kg N 0 from urea + 0 kg N substituted by cowdung; T : 00% N substituted by equal portion of vermicompost were used in the experiment as treatment. Urea contained 46% N, Cowdung contain % N and Vermicompost contain.% N. Application of fertilizers: The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur fertilizers required per plot were calculated from fertilizers rate per hectare. Triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MP) and Gypsum were 0, 0, kg/ha, respectively during final land preparation. A blanket dose of 6 kg P, 60 kg K and 0 kg S per ha was applied to all plots in the forms of triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MP) and gypsum, respectively during final land preparation. Nitrogen was also applied as per treatment in the form of urea in three equal splits. The first split was applied after days of sowing, the second split was applied after 3 days of sowing i.e., at active vegetative stage and the third split was applied after 60 days of sowing i.e. at panicle initiation stage. Experimental Design: Experiment was laid out by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The unit plot area was 3. m m, block to block distance was m and plot to plot distance was m. Data Collection: The data were collected on different growth and yield contributing characters i.e., plant height, number of effective and ineffective tillers, panicle length, number of unfilled and filled grains, 000-grain weight, grain and straw yields. Grain and straw yields were recorded at 4% moisture level. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis for different character including the nutrient content and uptake were done following the ANOVA technique and the mean results in case of significant F-values were adjusted by the Duncan s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) [3]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plant Height: Plant height of NERICA 0 showed significant variation among the treatments. The tallest plant was found from T (00.3 cm) followed by (9.7 cm) and T 0 (9.0 cm), while the shortest was found from T (93. cm) at harvest (Table ). The maximum plant height increase over control was found T (7.6%) which was followed by T (.9%) and T (.%), while the 0 minimum from T (.3%) (Table ). Plant height 3 significantly increased with the application of cowdung along with chemical fertilizer [4]. The increased plant height through the application of FYM along with N, P, K and S was also reported Kobayashi et al. [], Maskina et al. [6] and Mostofa et al. [7]. Panicle Length: Panicle length of NERICA 0 showed significant variation among the treatments. The longest panicle was found from T (.3 cm), while the shortest 0 was found from T (9.3 cm) (Table ). The maximum panicle length increase over control was found in T 0 (0.6%) which was followed by T (.3%), while the minimum from T (.7%) (Table ). Panicle length was increased with the application of inorganic fertilizers and manures []. Increasing K rates increased panicle length [9] so that T may produce 0.4% higher panicle length 0 than control. Number of Effective Tillers: Number of effective tiller of NERICA 0 showed significant variation among the treatments. The maximum number of effective tillers was found from T (.9/hill), while the shortest was found 0 from T (.3/hill) (Table ). The maximum increase over control of number of effective tillers/hill was found in T 0 (3.0%) which was followed by T (3.%), while the minimum from T (4.0%) (Table ). Increased number of effective tiller/hill with the integrated use of manures and fertilizers [0]. Number of Filled Grains: Signification variation was found among the treatments in number of filled grains. The maximum number of filled grains was found in T (9.0/panicle) which was statistically identical with T 3 (93.0/panicle) and T (9.0/panicle) while the minimum was 6 found from T (0.0/panicle) (Table ).The maximum increased number filled grains/panicle over control was found from T (.%), while the minimum from T (6.3%) 9 (Table ). Application of N, P and K fertilizer significantly increased the number of filled grains/panicle and the highest the number of filled grains/panicle was found under the combined application of N, P and K fertilizer []. Increased the number of filled grains/panicle was significant with the increased application of N, P, K and S []. 33

3 Am-Euras. J. Sci. Res., 0 (6): 3-36, 0 Table : Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield related attributes of NERICA 0 Treatments Plant height (cm) at harvest Panicle length (cm) Number of effective tillers/hill Number of filled grains/panicle T 93. f 9.3 d.3 e 0.0 e 9.7 b 0.9 ab 0.0 d 9.0 bcd 94. ef 0. bcd 0. d 93.0 ab 9. de 0.7 abc. c 7.0 cd 00.3 a 0. bcd.9 b.0 cd 96. cd 0.3 abcd. b 9.0 abc 9. de 0.7 abc.9 b 9.0 bcd 96. cd 9. cd. b 9.0 bcd 96. cd 0.7 abc. b.0 d T0 9.0 b.3 a.9 a 6.0 d T 97. bc 0.4 abc 0. d 9.0 a LSD CV (%) X In a column means having similar letter (s) are statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter (s) differ significantly as per 0.0 level of probability Table : Effect of integrated nutrient management on percent increase/decrease on growth and yield related attributes over control of NERICA 0 Treatments Plant height (%) Panicle length (%) Number of effective tillers/hill (%) Numberof filled grains/panicle (%) T T T Table 3: Table : Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield related attributes and yield of NERICA 0 Treatments Number of unfilled grains/panicle 000-grains weight (g) Grain yield (t/ha) Straw yield (t/ha) T 36.0 a 6.0 f. d. g 34.0 abc 6. ef 3. abc 4.7 cdef 9.0 d 7.0 de 4.4 a.4 a 3.0 ab 9.0 c 4.0 abc 4.9 abcd 9.0 d 7.0 de 3. bc 4.4 ef 3.0 bcd 7. d 4. ab. abc 3.0 cd 30. b 3. c 4. def 9.0 d 3.0 a 4. ab 4.9 bcde 3.0 ab 3.0 b 3.9 abc 4.3 f T0 3.0 bcd 9.0 c 3.7 bc. ab T 34.0 abc 3. a 4.0 abc. abc LSD CV (%) X In a column means having similar letter (s) are statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter (s) differ significantly as per 0.0 level of probability Table 4: Table : Effect of integrated nutrient management on percent increase/decrease on yield related attributes and yield over control of NERICA 0 Treatments Number of unfilled grains (decreased) 000-grain weight (g) Grain yield (t/ha) Straw yield (t/ha) T %.9% 3.3%.4% -9.4% 3.% 90.0% 4.% -.%.% 66.7% 33.3% -9.4% 3.% 0.0% 09.% -.%.% 73.3% 4.9% -3.9% 7.3% 33.3%.9% -9.4% 3.% 0.0% 3.0% -.% 9.% 6.7% 04.% T0 -.%.% 43.3% 47.6% T -.6%.0% 63.3% 40.% 34

4 Am-Euras. J. Sci. Res., 0 (6): 3-36, 0 Number of Unfilled Grains: Signification variation was found among the treatments in number of unfilled grains. The minimum number of unfilled grains was found in T 3, T and T (9.0/panicle), whereas the maximum was found from T (36.0/panicle) (Table 3). The minimum decreased in number of unfilled grains over control was found from T 3, T and T (-9.4%), while the maximum decreased in yield contributing characters of NERICA 0. From the present study it can be concluded that the organic manures (cowdung and vermicompost) along with nitrogenous fertilizer had varying degree of integrated effects on NERICA 0. Combined application of 00 kg N as the source of urea along with 0 kg N as the source of vermicompost performed the best in recording yield and and T 9 (.%) (Table 4). Decreased the number of unfilled grains/panicle was significant with the increased REFERENCES application of N, P, K and S [].. Sikder, R.K., M.A. Rahman, M.I. Asif, A.F.M. Jamal 000-Grains Weight: 000-grains weight varied Uddin and H. Mehraj, 0. Genetic Variability, significantly among the treatments. The maximum Distance and Traits Interrelationship Analysis of 000-grains weight was found in T (3. g) which was Nerica and Inpari Rice Varieties. Scientia statistically identical with T (3.0 g), whereas the Agriculturae, 0(): minimum was found from T (6.0 g) which was. Sarvanan, A., V. Velu and K.M. Ramanath, 97. statistically identical with T (6. g) (Table 3). Effect of combined application of bioorganic and The maximum increased of 000-grains yield over control chemical fertilizers on physical properties, nitrogen was found from T (3.%), while the minimum increased transformation and yield of rice in submerged soils. was found from T (.9%) (Table 4). Application of 0 kg Oryza, pp: N ha through chemical fertilizer with the combination 3. Gomez, K.A. and A.A. Gomez, 94. of press mud and cowdung increased 000-grain weight Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. [3]. nd ( Ed.). Int. Rice Res. Inst., A Wiley Int. Sci., pp: -9. Grain Yield: Grain yield varied significantly among the 4. Haque, M.A., 999. Response of BRRI Dhan 9 to S, treatments. The maximum grain yield was found in Zn and B supplied from manures and fertilizers. MS (4.4 t/ha), whereas the minimum was found from T Thesis, Dept. of Soil Science (January-June (. t/ha) (Table 3). Maximum increased of grains yield Semester), 999, BAU. over control was found from T 3 (90.0%), while the. Kobayashi, Y., S. Abe and K. Matumoto, 99. minimum increased was found from T (3.3%) (Table 4). Growth and yield of paddy rice under natural Grain yield of NERICA 0 was 4. t/ha in Bangladesh []. cultivation. Rept. Tokoku Branch Crop Sci. Soc. Grain yield was significantly increased due to application Japan., 3: -3. of chemical fertilizers and residual effects of organic 6. Maskina, M.S., Y. Singh and B. Singh, 97. Effect of manures [4]. levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of rice. Field Crop Abstract, 4(6): 7-. Straw Yield: Straw yield showed significant variation 7. Mostofa, A., R.A. Raju and K.A. Reddy, 009. among the treatments. The maximum straw yield was Response of rice (Oryza sativa) to nitrogen, found in T 3 (.4 t/ha), whereas the minimum was found phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on Godavari from T (. t/ha) (Table 3). The maximum increased of alluvia s. Indian Journal of Agronomy, straw yield over control was found from T 3 (4.%), while 3(4): 637s-63. the minimum increased was found from T 9 (04.%). Morteza, A., S. Siavoshi, K. Shankar, A. Laxman, (Table 4). Straw yield was significantly increased due to D. Laware, L. Shankar and S.L. Laware, 0. Effect of application of chemical fertilizers and residual effects of organic fertilizer on growth and yield components in organic manures []. rice (Oryza sativa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3): CONCLUSION 9. Krishnappa, M., K.N. Gowda, V. Shankarayan, Maharudrappa and M.M. Khan, 006. Effect of Total time required from sowing to harvesting of graded levels and split application of potassium on NERICA 0 was 0 days is Aus season. So, farmers can its availability and yield of rice. Journal of Potassium easily cultivate Aman rice after harvesting of NERICA 0. Research, 6(4):

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