FROM LJUBLJANA GAP TO LJUBLJANA GATE. MIRAN GAJŠEK, M.Sc. Head, Department for Urban Planning CITY OF LJUBLJANA

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1 FROM LJUBLJANA GAP TO LJUBLJANA GATE MIRAN GAJŠEK, M.Sc. Head, Department for Urban Planning CITY OF LJUBLJANA

2 Content LJUBLJANA GAP EU 2020 COHESION POLICY THE NEW URBAN DIMENSION 2020 CONCLUSIONS

3 LJUBLJANA GAP Winston Churchill, UK prime minister, mentioned twelve times the Ljubljana Gap in his book The Second World War (The Teheran conference [The Second World War: Volume V, Closing the ring; Ljubljana Gap, 304, 358] and the Yalta conference [The Second World War: Volume VI, Triumph and Tragedy; Ljubljana Gap, projected advance through, 53-4, 57, 91, 140, 209, 305, 663-4; 234]). Alternatively, I preferred a right-handed movement from the north of Italy, using the Istrian peninsula and the Ljubljana Gap, towards Vienna. The idea arose in the second half of the second world wear as the alternative of landing of the Allies troops in Normandy, France. Finally, President Stalin was strongly against, and President Roosevelt did not agree to the landing in North Adriatic Sea. However, nowadays TEN s Mediterranean corridor, (former V. TEN s corridor) going also from the Port of Koper through Ljubljana to Mid- Danube capitals (Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest) do represent shortest and easiest way from North Adriatic ports to the Mid-Danube capitals.

4 COHESION POLICY Connecting Europe Facility: Commission in 2011 adopts plan for 50 billions boots to European networks To improve Europe s transport, energy and digital networks Commission adopted the terms for the Europe 2020 Project Bond Initiative. - Transport 31.7 billion (10 bn Cohesion countries, 21.7 bn all member states) - Energy 9.1 bn - Telecommunications and ICT 9.2 bn, Project Bond Initiative: double objective to revive project bond markets and to attract long term private sector debt investing. The transport problem: three competitive corridors: Bratislava-Wien-Graz-Villach-Udine-Trieste; austrian part: 9,2 bn Koper-Ljubljana-Maribor-Budapest; slovenian part: 7,6 bn Rijeka-Zagreb-Budapest; croatian part: 7,4 bn

5 THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND The earmarking of minimum of 5% of ERDF resources for sustainable urban development, but: This is a minimum, I underline. I fully expect the proportion of all spending in urban areas to be closer to 40% of ERDF programming. Johannes Hahn, Commissioner for Regional Policy, Open days, The RFSC Conference, Brussels, 9 October 2013 Three new instruments: Urban development platform, Integrated territorial investment and Urban innovative action, all together inside Reference framework for Sustainable Cities (RFSC). Adoption of a list of cities where integrated actions for innovative actions on sustainable urban development will be implemented (cca 300 biggest cities in the Europe), and, connected to TEN s!

6 NEW URBAN DIMENSION FOR COHESION POLICY Europe 2020 strategy as a basis for New territorial dimension: cities and urban areas, (the renamed DG Regional and Urban policy) Integrated territorial investment - ITI: minimum 5% of ERDF of member state to cities, Urban innovative actions - UIA. 9.2% of ERDF at EU level Urban development platform UDP. All together inside Reference Framework for Sustaineble Cities - RFSC Cities of Tomorrow: Investing in Europe, EU Conference, Brussels, February 2014.

7 NEW URBAN DIMENSION FOR COHESION POLICY ERDF priorities concentrates on 11 thematic objectives, (priority axes in OP) but the regions and the cities have to concentrate on specific thematic objectives The City of Ljubljana and Ljubljana urban region: for example o sustainable mobility investment projects, soft measures o sustainable water management: Sava river project o knowledge centers: Ljubljana Inovative Valley

8 NEW URBAN DIMENSION FOR COHESION POLICY Integrated Territorial Investment - ITI ERDF Article 7, and CPR (Common Provisions Regulation) Article 99 Project funding from different priority axes and programmes (ERDF, ESF ) Territorial dimension, only 300 european cities, inside of them: specific land use area: urban regeneration area, deprived area; city, region, metropolitan region Delegation to local or regional authorities (possibility!) Thematic concentration on EU2020: smart growth, sustainable growth, inclusive growth Member state should give at least 5% of ERDF resources for ITI

9 RECESSION, DEPRESSION In the USA the crisis reached its peak in In 1933 the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established, (The Tennessee Valley Act, 18 May 1933). TVA was one of the main instruments of the president Theodore Roosevelt s New Deal. Its functions were: planning and management of the Tennessee river basin, planning and construction of river dams etc. TVA is still in function. After the second World war USA President Truman proposed that the TVA should have a sister in the Euphrates Valley Authority; however, the presidental proposal was never adopted. In the year 1953 Bogumil Vošnjak, a Slovene Diplomat, Professor and Writer of many books on European politics proposed the Danube Valley Authority. (World Affairs, Vol. 116, No.3, Fall 1953).

10 TERRITORIAL COHESION PROJECTS Sustainable transport infrastructure, namely ports (port of Koper), logistic centers (Logistic terminal Ljubljana), airport (Airport Ljubljana) and improvement of the existing railway line up to 160 to 200 km/h, which includes the second track from the Port of Koper to Divača and Ljubljana railways node (Logistic terminal Ljubljana, Passenger Center Ljubljana including project Emonika), Industrial zones, enterprise zones and technology parts along the corridor are also the integral part of the new industrial corridors. (compare to the Industrial corridor Delhi Bangalore, 90,0 bn US$ Japan investment in India) Sustainable water management project: that means river dams, flood protection, river navigation, industrial zones, tourism development Sava River (Urban and spatial development concept of the Sava River water catchment area)

11 Trans-European Transport Network Comprehensive Network: Eailways, ports and rail-road terminals (RRT) Core Network. Railways (freight), ports and rail-road terminals (RRT)

12 TEN-T Core Network Corridors (Council s General Approach)

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14 DRIVER FOR ECONOMY The investments in upgrades to the railway infrastructure are also one of the most important economic drivers in Austria. According to a study by the experts from IHS, WIFO and Ioanneum Research, one Euro invested into a modern railway system creates two Euros in value. And not only businesses are benefitting from new contracts: ÖBB s investments are also good for the national economy. 80 percent of the government s investments are flowing back into the budget in the form of taxes and social contributions. The domestic labour market also benefits from this: When ÖBB spends one billion EUR on modern railway stations and tracks, it secures and creates approx jobs. Approx people in all professions benefited from the two billion EUR that ÖBB and the government invested in 2010; the same amount of money will be spent in (Source: Business Location Austria, Annual 2011).

15 CONCLUSIONS The EU 2020: Themetic concentration, Teritorial concentration and Smart specialisation well, but what exectly does it means? The European Union has to use the new instruments (Integrated Territorial Investment ITI, Urban Innovative Action for 300 Core cities - UIA; Urban Development Platform - UDP) and the Reference framework for Sustaineble Cities RFSC inside the EU macro regional strategies (EUSBSR, Danube strategy ), The EU has to use those instruments along TEN's (Mediterranean Corridor, Baltic-Adriatic Corridor ); Cobination of funding is also important: Structural Funds, EIB, EBRD, National budgets private and/or PPP THE 300 CORE CITIES ALONG TEN S DO REPRESENT THE INDUSTRY CORRIDORS, INVESTMENT CORRIDORS AND/OR NEW EURO-DEAL CORRIDORS! THE LJUBLJANA FORUM AND THE CITY OF LJUBLJANA WOULD LIKE TO BECOME THE LJUBLJANA GATE, THE GATEWAY TO REAL TARGETS OF EU 2020!