United States History Chapter 1 Section 2 European Background By Dallin F. Hardy

Transcription

1 United States History Chapter 1 Section 2 European Background By Dallin F. Hardy

2 A Basic History of the United States United States An extension of Western Civilization

3 Civilization Definition Usually refers to the shared outlook, beliefs and manner of conducting their affairs that generally make for civility and peace among peoples over a broad geographical area.

4 Features of Civilization Government Religion Economic base Art and architecture Writing

5 Loss of Civilization One generation away From civility to barbarism

6 The Classical Heritage

7 Classical Heritage 6 th -century B.C. to 4 th - century A.D. Greece & Rome

8 Classical Definition Describes something modeled after the earliest and highest examples of it. In history it most often refers to art and literature modeled after that of the great ages of Greece and Rome, or Classical Antiquity. It also connotes a style of order, balance and harmony of expression.

9 Greeks 6 th to 4 th century B.C.

10 Golden Age of Greece 5 th century B.C. Athens

11 Greek Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle Herodotus Father of History Thucydides

12 Greek Civilization Order and Regularity Architecture Literature History Political organization City-states Democracy

13 Hellenistic Civilization 4 th to 2 nd century B.C. Spread throughout Mediterranean world

14 Hellenistic Civilization Definition That civilization built around Greek influence which spread around the Mediterranean in the wake of the conquests of Alexander the Great.

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17 Roman Empire 6 th century B.C. to 4 th century A.D.

18 Empire Definition A political territory made up of peoples of different backgrounds, languages and traditions, but all under one central government. It may contain within its bounds several distinct nations or states, each with their own local governments.

19 Roman Civilization Law Roads Aqueducts Architecture Political organization Republic Empire

20 Roman Heritage Influenced Founding Fathers America

21 Roman Political Philosophy Natural Law Law of nations

22 Cicero B.C. Greatest statesman of Roman Republic

23 For law is the highest reason implanted in nature, which prescribes those things which ought to be done, and forbids the contrary. And when this same reason is confirmed and established in men s minds, it is then law. Cicero

24 Twelve Tables of the Law Rome s Constitution

25 The Christian Heritage Christianity Shaped the value system of Western Civilization

26 Spread of Christianity Roman Empire Paul New Testament Contained Christian Writings Doctrine

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29 The Middle Ages Germanic Invasions

30 Fall of the Roman Empire 476 A.D.

31 Middle Ages 476 to 1453 Between Fall of Rome Renaissance Three elements Classical Christian Germanic

32 Early Middle Ages 476 to 1000 A.D.

33 Medieval Definition Refers to the period in European history between the fall of Rome (476 A.D.) and the Italian Renaissance (circa 1450). Declined in 14 th & 15 th Centuries

34 Medieval Society Three classes Clergy Nobility Serfs

35 Catholic Church Organized Along the lines of Roman Empire

36 High Middle Ages Definition The 12 th and 13 th centuries when medieval civilization reached the peak of its development.

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39 Norman Conquest of England 1066 Battle of Hastings William Duke of Normandy

40 Crusades Series of Religious wars Fought to Liberate Holy Land

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43 Results Jerusalem become Christian Held for almost 100 years

44 Results of the Crusades Established Trade Between the East West

45 Late Middle Ages

46 Hundred Years War England vs. France

47 Black Death Results Million died 1/3 rd of population Disturbed Existing order

48 Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire

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50 Fall of Constantinople 1453 Captured by Ottoman Turks

51 Greek Scholars Fled to Europe Brought Books Results Hastened Renaissance

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54 The Renaissance

55 Renaissance Rebirth Revival in learning Art Literature Science

56 Printing Press 1454 Invented by Johannes Gutenberg Most important invention of 15 th century Spread Renaissance spirit

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62 Cosimo de Medici Banker Statesman Patron of the arts

63 Leonardo da Vinci Renaissance man Artist Inventor Scientist

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66 Desiderius Erasmus Most famous Northern humanist Translated New Testament

67 Humanism Definition A term to describe artistic and literary developments during the Renaissance. It refers especially to the Renaissance interest in and imitation of the individualistic, humane and possibly, Pagan aspects of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

68 Protestant Reformation

69 Martin Luther German Monk Started Protestant Reformation

70 Ninety-Five Thesis October 31, 1517 Challenged Sale of indulgences

71 Protestant Reformation Religious movement to reform Catholic Church

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74 Diet of Worms 1521 German assembly Tried Martin Luther For heresy

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76 Luther-Protestant Reformer Translated Bible into German Founded Lutheran Church

77 John Calvin 1534 Broke from Based Catholic Church Geneva, Switzerland

78 Institutes of the Christian Religion 1536 Set forth doctrines of Calvinism

79 Calvinism Predestination Adopted by Puritans Presbyterians

80 Council of Trent Reaffirmed Catholic beliefs

81 The Rise of Nation-States Nation-State Features Led by Sovereign ruler Independent

82 Henry the VIII Reigned King of England

83 English Reformation 1529 Church of England Established by Henry VIII

84 Church of England Definition The church established in England after it was withdrawn from the Roman Catholic Church. It was also established in some of the colonies. It is also called the Anglican Church. The Episcopal Church in the United States is a descendant of the Church of England.

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87 Age of Exploration Age of Discovery

88 Viking Discovery of America 1000 A.D.

89 Leif Ericson 1000 A.D. Discovered Vinland

90 Vinland

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93 Age of Discovery 15 th and 16 th centuries Also called Age of Exploration Involved Portugal Spain England

94 Prince Henry Portugal Founded School of navigation

95 Bartholomew Dias 1488 Reached Southern Tip of Africa

96 Vasco da Gama 1498 Sailed Past Southern coast of Africa First European to sail to India

97 Christopher Columbus Sought New trade route to Asia

98 Patronage from Spain Queen Isabella King Ferdinand

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100 Departure for New World 1492 From Spain

101 Discovery of America October 12, 1492 New World

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108 Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Divided South America Spain Portugal

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110 Amerigo Vespucci 1497 Sailed to Americas

111 America 1507 Named after Amerigo Vespucci Americus Vespucius

112 John Cabot 1497 Sailed for England Discovered East coast of North America

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114 North West Passage Fabled Sea route through North America

115 Ferdinand Magellan Led an expedition Around the world

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118 Spanish Empire 16 th century Dominate power

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120 Charles V Reigned Holy Roman Emperor

121 Philip II of Spain Reigned

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