H.A.M.M.A.M. Project and Climate Design of Islamic Bath Buildings

Transcription

1 PLEA 2006 The 23 rd Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September 2006 H.A.M.M.A.M. Project and Climate Design of Islamic Bath Buildings Jean Bouillot Architect in Beaune - France

2 CONTENT 1. The H.A.M.M.A.M. Project 2. The Cairo City climate 3. Hammam Bab el Bahr surveys 4. Architecture and thermo-hygrometry environment a. burying the building b. air stratification c. building structures d. seasonal adaptations 5. Possible improvements 6. Conclusions

3 1. THE H.A.M.M.A.M. PROJECT HAMMAM ASPECTS & MULTIDISCIPLINARY METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION E.U. 6 th FRAMWORK PROGRAMME PRIORITY, Mediterranean Countries ( ) Specific Targeted Research & innovation Project 19 PARTICIPANTS from 12 countries 6 CITIES & HAMMAM BUILDINGS 3 YEARS : THREE-HEADED PURPOSE : knowledge, analysis & development scenarios

4 2. THE CAIRO CITY CLIMATE A desert dry climate influenced by Nile River & Mediterranean Sea: night humidity and NW winds all the year round

5 3. HAMMAM BAB EL BAHR SURVEYS BUILDING SURVEY THERMO-HYGROMETRY SURVEY -1 T H recorder inside -4 T H sensors inside -1 T H sensor outside during 1 day 4 5 RESULTS ON THE CHART and DIAGNOSTIC steam room % active area passive area street 4 warm room 3 rest room 2 lobby 1 street 0 city desirable position of the climate 3 Comfort zone 4 2

6 4. ARCHITECTURE AND THERMO- HYGROMETRY ENVIRONMENT a. Burying the building lobby warm hall m lobby -1,50 m street 0,00 m

7 b. Air stratification Using the stratification of the air, people choice the places they prefer by respect to the different possible thermo-hygrometry values. towels dryer warm air sitting cool air entrance lobby Section AA sitting B A warm room hot pool & Section BB steam room B A

8 c. Building Structures PASSIVE AREA STRUCTURES : Mixed mineral walls and flat roof on wooden structures: limit the warmth radiation ACTIVE AREA STRUCTURES : Mineral, brickwork domes on stone walls : maintain the warmth radiation

9 d. Seasonal adaptation SUMMER DAY IN THE STREET Canopies are hanged above the south façades to shade the street and promote air movements. The street is sprinkled with water by the merchants so as to cool the air and to prevent the dust. warm room entrance lobby street active area passive area SUMMER NIGHT INSIDE THE ENTRANCE LOBBY All the openings will be open so as to promote a continuous air circulation able to cool the structures and exhaust the warm air outside entrance street

10 5. POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS a. solve the sequence rupture between warm room and rest room creating a mixt area including the rest room and toilets b. improve the ventilation system a active mixt passive c. restore the ancient dome above the warm room to control the anabatic air movements inside the volume. d. change wooden beams inside the entrance lobby e. restore the sanitation system, floors, walls and vaults covering, plumbing and maintenance system c d a door b active area passive area

11 CONCLUSIONS A BUILDING PARTICULARLY INTEGRATED AND INTELLIGENT BY RESPECT TO THE PREVAILING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: 1. Use of burying to save energy 2. Use of air stratification to save energy and improve comfort 3. Use of upper openings to restore air circulation in the lobby 4. Clever organization of inner volumes in the passive area including lobby 5. Clever design of the steam room and communication with the warm room 6. Use of heavy stone & brick vaulting to increase the inertia of the building, balance the structural efforts and promote anabatic air movements 7. Use of flat wooden roof to cover the passive area and limit overheating during summer DISPARITIES TO BE CORRECTED : 8. Low warmth inside the rest-room causing colds during return from the active area 9. Alterations of structures, coverings of floors, walls and domes using nonappropriate materials, with lack of maintenance and poor budget