The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the

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1 Missouri Compromise

2 I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance. I owe allegiance to two sovereignty, and only two: one is the sovereignty of this Union and the other is sovereignty of the state of Henry Clay

3 The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement, and had the effect of repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 by allowing white male settlers in those territories to determine through popular sovereignty whether they would allow slavery within each territory.

4 Authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of the people

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9 Industrial Revolution

10 Father of the American Industrial Revolution

11 Industrialization Many people leave the farm life for the city life to work at factories jobs, abundance of laborers now available. Development of factories and the free enterprise system led to rapid growth of the American economy. New transportation network was expanded, decreased the cost of shipping goods and quicker travel. Prices of consumer goods decreased due mass production(interchangeable parts) techniques. Where are you going son? I m moving to the city! Urbanization: migration to cities due industrialization, increased transportation and development in technology. 54

12 Lowell System

13 Free Enterprise System 1)competition between businesses with little or limited governmental interference, low taxes 2) prices are determined by supply and demand, 3) private owners receive the profits. 4)Individuals enjoy freedom of choices to produce and buy more goods, replaces mercantilism. Private ownership 56

14 New Transportation Network New National Road-improvement in roads connect the North, South, and West Canals-linked the Atlantic coast with the Great Lakes to help in trade Steamship-allowed for more easier movement of goods and people on the Hudson, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers. Railroads-brought raw materials and manufacture goods to new markets, made travel easier over distant areas 57

15 The Erie Canal Led to rapid growth of cities in the Northwest. Connected the Atlantic coast with the Great Lakes Trade allowed New York to become the largest city. Contributed to free enterprise system Help to decrease cost of shipping goods to the Midwest. New York 58

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17 A New Way to Manufacture Eli Whitney was hired to make 10,000 muskets for the U.S. army. He had boxes of musket parts and assembled a musket in seconds, proving the need for parts. Showed the importance of interchangeable parts. Speeds up mass production of goods. Faster mass production Repaired easily Assembly line 59

18 In what ways did Eli Whitney s cotton gin invention change life in the South? 1. Cotton becomes easier to process 2. Cotton production increased 3. Plantations system spreads in the South 4. The Southern plantations become a major producer of cotton Native Americans moved off land(negative) Demand for slavery increased in the south (negative) COTTON GIN KING COTTON 60

19 Eli Whitney s Cotton Gin

20 If a product part failed, another could be ordered without having to order a whole new product. Interchangeable Parts

21 Mass Production

22 Robert Fulton

23 Transcontinental Railroad / 1869 Transcontinental railroad united the entire nation, it brought Northern markets and products to the new western territories together. Made travel easier. 61

24 The Industrial Revolution The inventions and their inventors that changed the history of the United States Samuel Slater Robert Fulton Samuel F.B. Morse Eli Whitney Cyrus McCormick John Deere Invented the first textile mill in the U.S., this started the industrial revolution Invented the steamboat (the Clermont), revolutionized watertransport of goods and people Invented the telegraph and Morse code, revolutionized communication devices Invented the cotton gin, which greatly increased slavery, and interchangeable parts, which made factories much more productive Invented the McCormick Reaper, which revolutionized grain farming and led thousands to settle the Great Plains Invented the steel plow, which also led thousands of Americans to settle in the Great Plains and further west 55

25 Reform Movements Social Studies Success

26 Second Great Awakening Christian revival; early 1800 s, connected to social reforms

27 An anti-religious movement that developed during the late 1820 s and 30 s in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality and intellectualism

28 Transcendentalism- philosophy belief where people stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the spirit of the divine. American Art Artists painted romantic landscapes and beauty of American wilderness. Many of these artists belonged to Hudson River School. 73

29 John James Audubon Discovered many new species of birds and mammals. Painted about American wildlife 74

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31 Hudson River School 19 th Century American Art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision was influenced by romanticism

32 Horace Mann Abolitionist and education reformer. "the Father of American public education He urged separate classrooms for students at different levels of learning he worked effectively for more and better equipped school houses, longer school. Training and higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum. Secretary of (Boston)Massachusetts Board of Education 70

33 Horace Mann Educational Reformer

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35 Temperance Movement

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37 Meeting in which leaders of the women s rights movement voted on a plan for achieving equality.(1848) Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott both were reformers who voiced their opinion on equal rights for women. Women Rights movement focused on the need to attain suffrage (voting rights for women.) 71

38 AND WOMEN ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL It called on all men on not to withhold a woman rights, take her property or refuse her right to vote Led to major turning point in the Women Rights movement focused on the need to attain suffrage (voting rights for women.) 72

39 Women s Rights Movement Social Studies Success

40 Seneca Falls Convention

41 Susan B. Anthony

42 Abolition a movement to end slavery Abolitionists people who opposed the institution of slavery 16

43 Abolition

44 Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a well-known abolitionist in the country. Spoke about the problems of slavery in our society. Wrote a newspaper North Star to expose the evils of slavery. 75

45 "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!" Uncle Tom s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe -Anti-slavery novel described the evils of slavery, created widespread abolitionist support among Northerners. -Angered the Southern states. 76

46 Harriet Beecher Stowe When Harriet Beecher Stowe met Abraham Lincoln he allegedly told her, "So, you're the little lady who started this war."

47 The Era of Reforms Many Americans began to improve the conditions of their fellow citizens. Dorathea Dix: reformed prisons Horace Mann: reformed public education Temperance Movement: movement to ban alcohol Frederick Douglass: abolitionist and women s rights Sojourner Truth: Abolitionist, women s rights, Ain t I a Woman? speech. Susan B. Anthony: Women s rights, right to vote (suffrage) Elizabeth Cady Stanton: women s rights, Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments Harriet Tubman: abolitionist, conductor on the Underground Railroad 69

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52 Sectional Differences Grow Causes of the Civil War

53 The North No Slavery Factories Urban Favored tariffs

54 The South Slavery Farming Rural Against tariffs

55 The West open to slavery farming rural became the nation s new Bread Basket

56 Sectional tension increases Sectionalism, loyalty to one s geographical region grew as due to the differing economic activities. The North was heavily based on manufacturing (Factories). The South was heavily reliant on cotton plantations and agriculture. In the Western territories the settlers wanted cheap land, abundant natural resources and good transportation. 77

57 Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state. Strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.

58 Fugitive Slave Act Social Studies Success

59 Congress also passed the Fugitive Slave Act. Made it illegal to assist or help runaway slaves. It denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. As a result, many free blacks were captured and taken back to the South.

60 Proslavery and antislavery settlers rushed into the Kansas Territory (1855) proslavery Missourians came and voted illegally giving legislative power in Kansas to the proslavery group. Antislavery settlers boycotted and created their own government. A proslavery mob attacked and destroyed Lawrence Kansas, killing antislavery members. John Brown Raid at Harpers Ferry(an extreme abolitionist) attacked and murdered 7 proslavery neighbors.

61 Dred Scott v. Sanford Supreme Court case that said slaves were private property and not citizens and thus can t sue in court. It would find the Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional and Congress could not restrict the spread of slavery into western territories. It would aggravate sectional tensions between North and South. Taney & the Supreme Court are racial jerks! I have been wronged! 80

62 1857- Dred Scott v. Sanford, Supreme Court ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. Congress lacked power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories.

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64 Most famous former slave who escaped slavery and returned back to help others escape by using the underground railroad. Was known as the Moses of her people 26

65 John Brown s Raid

66 A series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for the Senate in Illinois and Senator Stephen Douglas, the Democratic Party candidate. The issues they discussed were not only of critical importance to the sectional conflict over slavery and states rights but also touched deeper questions that would continue to influence political discourse.

67 Sectionalism Social Studies Success

68 Civil War Social Studies Success

69 Civil War to Reconstruction (period after Civil War) 81

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71 Steps to the Civil War (part 1) 1. Declaration of Independence: removal of anti-slavery words: Jefferson has to delete anti-slavery words to please the southern states 2. Constitutional Convention: 3/5 Compromise, slave trade until 1808: southern states threaten to leave unless their slaves are counted as population 3. The Missouri Compromise (1820): southern states demand Missouri come in as a slave state, all territory below 36 30N would be for slavery 4. Difference in economies and growth of Northern cities and industry: the North is getting far more technology, population, and money than the South 5. The Tariff of Abominations (1828): South Carolina threatens to secede if the tariff is not abolished, claims states rights are being violated 6. Nullification Crisis (1832): SC again threatens to secede and nullifies the law, Andrew Jackson threatens invasion of SC, a compromise is reached 7. Wilmot Proviso (1846): After the Annexation of Texas entered as a slave state, this proposal would have eliminate slavery in any territory gained from the U.S.- Mexican War 82

72 Steps to the Civil War (part 2) 8. Compromise of 1850: California entered as a free state and the south got a fugitive slave law 9. Fugitive Slave Act (1850): required all Americans to capture and hold any runaway slaves they see, allowed slave-hunters in northern states 10. Uncle Toms Cabin (1852): book about slavery written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, caused many readers to become abolitionists, angered many in the south, growth of the abolitionists movement increased. 11. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Bleeding Kansas: allowed people in Kansas to vote on slavery, led to violence between northerners and southerners 12. Dred Scot vs. Sandford (1857): Supreme Court ruling that declared all slaves as merely property with no rights as citizens, also nullified the Missouri Compromise of John Brown s attack of Harper s Ferry (1859): northern abolitionist John Brown tries to start a major slave rebellion but fails 14. The Election of Lincoln as President in 1860: causes the south to secede and create their own slave nation, the Confederate States of America 83

73 Civil War 1861 to : After the election of Abraham Lincoln 11 Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. President Lincoln called for 75,000 men to put down the insurrection. 84

74 April of 1861 Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War had begun. 85

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