Mixtures and Solutions. Part 1: Mixtures
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1 Mixtures and Solutions Part 1: Mixtures
2 What Is Matter? Everything in the universe is made of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume. Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. All the matter around us is classified in two major groups
3 Matter Pure Substances Made of only ONE kind of atom or molecule. Mixtures Made of only TWO or MORE kinds of atoms or molecules.
4 Pure Substances Pure substances are the same throughout. The composition doesn t change, no matter what part of the substance you look at! Same composition Same composition
5 Mixtures Mixtures are not the same throughout. The composition of mixtures changes, depending on what part you look at! Different composition Different composition
6 Pure Substance or Mixture? A Pure Substance
7 Pure Substance or Mixture? B Mixture
8 Pure Substance or Mixture? C Pure Substance
9 Pure Substance or Mixture? D Pure Substance
10 Pure Substance or Mixture? E Mixture
11 Pure Substance or Mixture? F Pure Substance
12 Pure Substance or Mixture? H Mixture
13 Looking Closer At Mixtures A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms that are NOT chemically combined together. Mixtures can take many forms: 2+ Solids 2+ Liquids 2+ Gases ANY combination of solids, liquids & gases
14 Mixtures of Solids
15 Mixtures of Liquids
16 Mixtures of Gases
17 Types Of Mixtures There are 2 major types of mixtures: Heterogeneous Means different Homogeneous Means the same You can see the different parts (phases) of the mixture easily You cannot see the different parts (phases) of the mixture
18 Heterogeneous Mixtures
19 Homogeneous Mixtures
20 Which Kind of Mixture? Classify each type of mixture as: Heterogeneous Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Heterogeneous
21 Any Questions?
22 Mixtures and Solutions Part 2: Solutions
23 Solutions A solution is a special type of mixture. A solution is a homogeneous mixture that combines a solute and a solvent. A solution involves one substance dissolving in another substance, which is usually a liquid.
24 Solutions A solution is a special type of mixture. A solution is a homogeneous mixture that combines a solute and a solvent. Solute The solid part that gets dissolved. e.g. salt, sugar Solvent The liquid part that does the dissolving. e.g. water
25 How To Make A Solution Solute + Solvent = Solution Salt Water Salt Solution
26 Solubility We can measure how easily a solute will dissolve in a certain solvent. This measurement is called solubility. HIGH Solubility The solute dissolves quickly & easily e.g. salt in water LOW Solubility The solute does not dissolve easily e.g. sand in water
27 Dilute vs. Concentrated We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute! For example, putting spoonfuls of sugar into a cup of tea A solution with only a small amount of solute is called a dilute solution.
28 Dilute vs. Concentrated We can add a LITTLE or a LOT of solute! For example, putting spoonfuls of sugar into a cup of tea A solution with a large amount of solute is called concentrated.
29 Saturated Solutions Eventually, a solvent can t hold anymore! A saturated solution CANNOT hold any more solute at a certain temperature.
30 Keep Going! But, by heating a solvent up, we can make it hold even more solute than normal. A super-saturated solution contains more solute than it can normally dissolve. Heat It!
31 Any Questions?
32 Mixtures and Solutions Part 3: Separating Mixtures
33 Recall: Mixtures A mixture is made of 2 or more types of atoms that are NOT chemically combined together. Each part of a mixture is called a phase. Since the phases are not chemically joined together, they can be separated
34 Separation Techniques There are 5 ways to separate mixtures: Sieving Filtration Evaporation Distillation Chromatography
35 Sieving Separates different sized/shaped solids. You can do it by hand or with a sieve. Smaller solids will pass through the sieve. Larger solids will be left inside the sieve.
36 Filtration Separates solids mixed with liquids. You need a funnel and filter paper. The liquid that passes through is the filtrate. Solids that gets stuck in the filter is residue.
37 Filtration residue Insoluble in water filtrate Soluble in water
38 Evaporation Separates solids dissolved fully in a liquid. You need an evaporation dish and heater. The liquid will evaporate into the air. The solid residue will remain behind.
39 Evaporation liquid evaporates residue left behind
40 Distillation Separates a solid dissolved in a liquid, but you want to keep the liquid instead! You need a distillation apparatus. The liquid evaporates and is collected. The solid residue will remain in the flask.
41 Distillation gas drips out here flask condenser cools down the gas burner flask
42 Chromatography Separates different dyes and inks mixed together in one solution. You need chromatography paper and a solvent. All the different dyes are dissolved in water. Some dyes are more soluble than others
43 Chromatography chromatography paper strip Drop of the ink mixture is put near bottom solvent More soluble dyes are carried higher Less soluble dyes stay lower usually water
44 Any Questions?
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