CFB Scientific Translations ATA s 53 rd Annual Conference, ST-10 October 27, 2012
|
|
|
- Shauna Parrish
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CFB Scientific Translations ATA s 53 rd Annual Conference, ST-10 October 27, 2012
2 Why a physics talk C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 2
3 Why a physics talk Graduate students at the CMS experiment at CERN (source: CMS experiment, 2012) C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 3
4 Why a physics talk the holy grail of physics C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 4
5 Why this physics talk NO equations! NO quiz at the end! Cute stuffed things. Download at: C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 5
6 Disclaimer 1 C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 6
7 Disclaimer 1 Lederman, L. M., & Teresi, D. (1993). The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? Boston: Houghton Mifflin. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 7
8 Disclaimer 2 Some terminology! Theory: a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment. Model: (National Academy of Sciences, 1999) a system of postulates, data, and inferences presented as a mathematical description of an entity or state of affairs. ( C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 8
9 Outline Our current state of knowledge From atoms to quarks The universe Dark matter The Standard Model of elementary particles Fields The Higgs What s next? C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 9
10 Current Knowledge From Atoms to Quarks Contemporary Physics Education Project, C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 10
11 Current Knowledge The Universe The current composition of the universe: NASA/WMAP Science Team. (2008, March). Retrieved from C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 11
12 Dark Energy What is Dark Energy? Nobody knows. The universe expands. According to Einstein s Theory of General Relativity, after plugging in all the numbers, the expansion is slowing down. According to astronomical observations, the expansion is accelerating. Einstein s General Relativity has been proven to be correct in all other known cases those of you who drove here with a GPS in your car can confirm this. Houston, we have a problem! Actually, Einstein himself solved the problem long ago by introducing an additional term into his equation, the cosmological constant, AKA Dark Energy. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 12
13 Dark Matter What is Dark Matter? Nobody knows. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 13
14 Dark Matter The Bullet Cluster Pink: hot gas (X-rays) Orange/white: galaxies (Magellan, Hubble) Blue: dark matter (gravitational lensing) Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/M.Markevitch et al.; Optical: NASA/STScI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.; Lensing Map: NASA/STScI; ESO WFI; Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 14
15 Dark Matter What we know Summary on dark matter: It has mass it interacts gravitationally It behaves like particles We can t see it no electromagnetic interactions (light) It doesn t seem to interact strongly with normal matter It may perhaps interact weakly It is very hard to produce in the lab (in colliders) Sounds like material for a sci-fi movie the mirror universe. But actually, there is a known particle that has similar properties, with the exception of the last item above. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 15
16 The Standard Model Contemporary Physics Education Project, C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 16
17 The Standard Model Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, Particle Data Group. (2006, June 27). Standard model of elementary particles. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 17
18 The Standard Model 4 Forces, mediated by: Photon electromagnetism Gluon strong force (binds quarks together into protons, neutrons) W, Z bosons weak force (e.g. radioactive decay) Graviton? gravity? Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, Particle Data Group. (2006, June 27). Standard model of elementary particles. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 18
19 The Standard Model Up and down quarks make up protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus, which is surrounded by an electron cloud. But what is a neutrino? Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, Particle Data Group. (2006, June 27). Standard model of elementary particles. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 19
20 The Standard Model Linguistic side note: - Three quarks for Muster Mark! Sure he hasn t got much of a bark And sure any he has it s all beside the mark. James Joyce (1939). Finnegans Wake. London: Faber and Faber. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 20
21 The Standard Model Neutrinos What is a neutrino? It has an extremely tiny mass It is an elementary particle We can t see it no electromagnetic interactions (light) It doesn t interact via the strong interaction It only interacts via the weak interaction Sound familiar? C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 21
22 The Standard Model Neutrinos What is a neutrino? It has an extremely tiny mass It is an elementary particle We can t see it no electromagnetic interactions (light) It doesn t interact via the strong interaction It only interacts via the weak interaction We can produce it in the lab. In fact, it is produced in radioactive decays and in cosmic rays. Every second more than 100,000,000,000,000 neutrinos (100 trillion) pass through your body! No worries since neutrinos interact so weakly, only about 1 interacts with a cell in your body in your lifetime! C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 22
23 The Standard Model The matter particles have two siblings each, that is, there are three copies (generations) of quark and lepton pairs with different masses. Fermilab, Office of Science, United States Department of Energy, Particle Data Group. (2006, June 27). Standard model of elementary particles. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 23
24 Fields Electromagnetic waves? Or photon-particles? Neither. Modern physics describes all particles and their interactions in terms of fields. What is a field? Definition: a field is a physical quantity associated with each and every point in space and time. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 24
25 Fields An Example Population density map of the US, year 2000 this is a 2-dimensional field! National Atlas of the United States, Retrieved from C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 25
26 Fields Another Example Hypothetical general population density of bigfoot-creatures in the US Darker shades denote a higher number of purported Bigfoot-sightings, i.e. a higher population density. Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons: C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 26
27 Fields Yet Another Example Hypothetical population density of bigfoot-creatures named Lucy in the US, date ca Red indicates a value of 1 for the population density, white indicates 0. The arrow is inserted for better readability. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 27
28 Fields The Higgs What is the Higgs? (AKA Anderson-Brout-Englert-Guralnik- Hagen-Higgs-Kibble-mechanism) And what does it have to do with fields? C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 28
29 Fields The Higgs The Anderson-Brout-Englert-Guralnik-Hagen-Higgs-Kibblefield has a nonzero value throughout the entire universe, filling the vacuum. Particles move through this field like through some sort of space-time-filling jello and acquire a mass by interacting with the Higgs field. The Higgs field interacts with itself, thereby giving the Higgs particle a mass. These masses can be (and have been) calculated and very precisely measured. The Higgs particle was the last missing piece of the puzzle, whose existence has finally been confirmed this year. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 29
30 Fields The Higgs: Another Analogy Images The Exploratorium, C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 30
31 Fields The Higgs: Another Analogy Images The Exploratorium, C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 31
32 Fields The Higgs: Another Analogy Images The Exploratorium, C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 32
33 The Search for the Higgs The LHC E = mc 2 (c 2 is just a conversion factor) Most complex experiment ever built 17 miles circumference World s and possibly universe s largest and coldest fridge with 96 tons of liquid helium Beams travel at % the speed of light, circle around the ring 11,245 times per second 600 million collisions per second Data could fill 100,000 dual layer DVDs every year C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 33
34 The Search for the Higgs C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 34
35 The Search for the Higgs C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 35
36 The Search for the Higgs p + p H Z + Z Z e + + e - Z e + + e - C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 36
37 The Search for the Higgs CMS and ATLAS (CERN) discovery plots, July 4, 2012 C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 37
38 Black Holes? For more info visit C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 38
39 Black Holes? C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 39
40 Summary and Outlook After searching for over 30 years, the final piece of the Standard Model of elementary particles has (almost) been confirmed. So, what s next? There are many theoretical ideas and theories concerning the nature of dark matter and how everything ties together, and many of these ideas have led to concrete predictions of what else the LHC should find. The Higgs is just a successful first step. Some of these theories have been partially ruled out already due to the absence of any new particles at the LHC so far! But there are plenty of viable options left. Stay tuned! C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 40
41 Links A collection of blog posts by physicists working on the LHC. The posts range from introductory to quite technical, and not all of them are written in English, but in the scientists native languages instead. An award-winning online exposé on particle physics by the Particle Data Group at LBNL. Tim Tait, Why Look for the Higgs? Semitechnical lecture given at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, June 18, and Daily updated FREE online repositories of particle physics publications, before peer review, but most of the papers there are (nearly) identical to their journal versions C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 41
42 Download See also the proceedings for complementary information. C. F. Berger, CFB Scientific Translations The God Particle, Dark Matter, Black Holes, and All That 42
REALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM Exploring Our Mysterious Universe
REALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM Exploring Our Mysterious Universe The End of Physics Albert A. Michelson, at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago, 1894 The Miracle Year - 1905 Relativity Quantum
Your years of toil Said Ryle to Hoyle Are wasted years, believe me. The Steady State Is out of date Unless my eyes deceive me.
Your years of toil Said Ryle to Hoyle Are wasted years, believe me. The Steady State Is out of date Unless my eyes deceive me. My telescope Has dashed your hope; Your tenets are refuted. Let me be terse:
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014 Disclaimer We do not know what will be discovered. This is the reason we perform experiments. This is the reason scientific research
Concepts in Theoretical Physics
Concepts in Theoretical Physics Lecture 6: Particle Physics David Tong e 2 The Structure of Things 4πc 1 137 e d ν u Four fundamental particles Repeated twice! va, 9608085, 9902033 Four fundamental forces
The Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One
The Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One Chapter Topic Key Points of Discussion Notes & Vocabulary 1 Birth of The Big Bang Theory Activity 4A the How and when did the universe
Pretest Ch 20: Origins of the Universe
Name: _Answer key Pretest: _2_/ 58 Posttest: _58_/ 58 Pretest Ch 20: Origins of the Universe Vocab/Matching: Match the definition on the left with the term on the right by placing the letter of the term
Particle Physics. The Standard Model. A New Periodic Table
5 Particle Physics This lecture is about particle physics, the study of the fundamental building blocks of Nature and the forces between them. We call our best theory of particle physics the Standard Model
1 Introduction. 1 There may, of course, in principle, exist other universes, but they are not accessible to our
1 1 Introduction Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, its structure, its origin, and its evolution. Cosmology is soundly based on observations, mostly astronomical, and laws of physics. These
STRING THEORY: Past, Present, and Future
STRING THEORY: Past, Present, and Future John H. Schwarz Simons Center March 25, 2014 1 OUTLINE I) Early History and Basic Concepts II) String Theory for Unification III) Superstring Revolutions IV) Remaining
Chapter 15 Cosmology: Will the universe end?
Cosmology: Will the universe end? 1. Who first showed that the Milky Way is not the only galaxy in the universe? a. Kepler b. Copernicus c. Newton d. Hubble e. Galileo Ans: d 2. The big bang theory and
Transcript 22 - Universe
Transcript 22 - Universe A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript: This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video.
THE BIG BANG HOW CLOSE CAN WE COME? Michael Dine Final Lecture Physics 171, 2009
THE BIG BANG HOW CLOSE CAN WE COME? Michael Dine Final Lecture Physics 171, 2009 New York Times: April, 2003 Reports a debate among cosmologists about the Big Bang. lll1.html Dr. Tyson, who introduced
Topic 3. Evidence for the Big Bang
Topic 3 Primordial nucleosynthesis Evidence for the Big Bang! Back in the 1920s it was generally thought that the Universe was infinite! However a number of experimental observations started to question
3 HOW WERE STARS FORMED?
3 HOW WERE STARS FORMED? David Christian explains how the first stars were formed. This two-part lecture begins by focusing on what the Universe was like in its first 200 million years of existence, a
A Universe of Galaxies
A Universe of Galaxies Today s Lecture: Other Galaxies (Chapter 16, pages 366-397) Types of Galaxies Habitats of Galaxies Dark Matter Other Galaxies Originally called spiral nebulae because of their shape.
The Higgs Boson. Linac08 Victoria BC, Canada CANADA S NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
CANADA S NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS Owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada
The Expanding Universe
Stars, Galaxies, Guided Reading and Study This section explains how astronomers think the universe and the solar system formed. Use Target Reading Skills As you read about the evidence that supports the
Astro 102 Test 5 Review Spring 2016. See Old Test 4 #16-23, Test 5 #1-3, Old Final #1-14
Astro 102 Test 5 Review Spring 2016 See Old Test 4 #16-23, Test 5 #1-3, Old Final #1-14 Sec 14.5 Expanding Universe Know: Doppler shift, redshift, Hubble s Law, cosmic distance ladder, standard candles,
Universe. Can scientists theory of everything really explain all the weirdness the universe displays? /// BY EDWARD WITTEN
Can scientists theory of everything really explain all the weirdness the universe displays? /// BY EDWARD WITTEN Astronomers have wrapped up cosmic history in a neat package. Or so it might seem. Some
Theoretical Particle Physics FYTN04: Oral Exam Questions, version ht15
Theoretical Particle Physics FYTN04: Oral Exam Questions, version ht15 Examples of The questions are roughly ordered by chapter but are often connected across the different chapters. Ordering is as in
Physics for the 21 st Century. Unit 1: The Basic Building Blocks of Matter. Bonnie Fleming and Mark Kruse
Physics for the 21 st Century Unit 1: The Basic Building Blocks of Matter Bonnie Fleming and Mark Kruse What are the basic building blocks that make up all matter? BONNIE FLEMING: The basic building blocks
Particle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Name: Partner(s): Lab #7 Particle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Purpose The student explores how helium was made in the Big Bang. Introduction Very little helium is made in stars. Yet the universe is
Pearson Physics Level 30 Unit VIII Atomic Physics: Chapter 17 Solutions
Pearson Physics Level 30 Unit VIII Atomic Physics: Chapter 17 Solutions Student Book page 831 Concept Check Since neutrons have no charge, they do not create ions when passing through the liquid in a bubble
The first minutes of the Universe released energy which changed to matter, forming stars and galaxies. Introduction
THE COSMIC ENGINE CHAPTER 18 The Universe begins The first minutes of the Universe released energy which changed to matter, forming stars and galaxies Introduction Cosmology, the study of the Universe
How To Teach Physics At The Lhc
LHC discoveries and Particle Physics Concepts for Education Farid Ould- Saada, University of Oslo On behalf of IPPOG EPS- HEP, Vienna, 25.07.2015 A successful program LHC data are successfully deployed
Masses in Atomic Units
Nuclear Composition - the forces binding protons and neutrons in the nucleus are much stronger (binding energy of MeV) than the forces binding electrons to the atom (binding energy of ev) - the constituents
Origins of the Cosmos Summer 2016. Pre-course assessment
Origins of the Cosmos Summer 2016 Pre-course assessment In order to grant two graduate credits for the workshop, we do require you to spend some hours before arriving at Penn State. We encourage all of
A Century of Paradigm Shifts in our Thinking About the Universe
A Century of Paradigm Shifts in our Thinking About the Universe George R. Blumenthal Chancellor, UC Santa Cruz Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics Why start 100 years ago? Before 1910 there was no
Solar Energy Production
Solar Energy Production We re now ready to address the very important question: What makes the Sun shine? Why is this such an important topic in astronomy? As humans, we see in the visible part of the
Selected Topics in Elementary Particle Physics ( Haupt-Seminar )
Selected Topics in Elementary Particle Physics ( Haupt-Seminar ) Paola Avella, Veronika Chobanova, Luigi Li Gioi, Christian Kiesling, Hans-Günther Moser, Martin Ritter, Pit Vanhoefer Time: Do, 12 ct -14
How To Understand General Relativity
Chapter S3 Spacetime and Gravity What are the major ideas of special relativity? Spacetime Special relativity showed that space and time are not absolute Instead they are inextricably linked in a four-dimensional
One of the primary goals of physics is to understand the wonderful variety of nature in a
A Unified Physics by by Steven Weinberg 2050? Experiments at CERN and elsewhere should let us complete the Standard Model of particle physics, but a unified theory of all forces will probably require radically
Radiation and the Universe Higher Exam revision questions and answers
Radiation and the Universe Higher Exam revision questions and answers Madeley High School Q.The names of three different processes are given in List A. Where these processes happen is given in List B.
Evolution of the Universe from 13 to 4 Billion Years Ago
Evolution of the Universe from 13 to 4 Billion Years Ago Prof. Dr. Harold Geller hgeller@gmu.edu http://physics.gmu.edu/~hgeller/ Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University Unity in the
The Universe. The Solar system, Stars and Galaxies
The Universe The Universe is everything. All us, the room, the U.S. the earth, the solar system, all the other stars in the Milky way galaxy, all the other galaxies... everything. How big and how old is
GRAVITY CONCEPTS. Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter
IT S UNIVERSAL GRAVITY CONCEPTS Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter Weight is a measure of the gravitational force pulling objects toward Earth Objects seem weightless when
Chapter 23 The Beginning of Time
Chapter 23 The Beginning of Time 23.1 The Big Bang Our goals for learning What were conditions like in the early universe? What is the history of the universe according to the Big Bang theory? What were
Modeling Galaxy Formation
Galaxy Evolution is the study of how galaxies form and how they change over time. As was the case with we can not observe an individual galaxy evolve but we can observe different galaxies at various stages
Big Bang Cosmology. Big Bang vs. Steady State
Big Bang vs. Steady State Big Bang Cosmology Perfect cosmological principle: universe is unchanging in space and time => Steady-State universe - Bondi, Hoyle, Gold. True? No! Hubble s Law => expansion
Chapter 18: The Structure of the Atom
Chapter 18: The Structure of the Atom 1. For most elements, an atom has A. no neutrons in the nucleus. B. more protons than electrons. C. less neutrons than electrons. D. just as many electrons as protons.
Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission
Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission A basic background in nuclear physics for those who want to start at the beginning. Some of the terms used in this factsheet can be found in IEER s on-line glossary.
9 th Grade Physical Science Springfield Local Schools Common Course Syllabi. Course Description
9 th Grade Physical Science Springfield Local Schools Common Course Syllabi Course Description The purpose of the Physical Science course is to satisfy the Ohio Core science graduation requirement. The
World of Particles Big Bang Thomas Gajdosik. Big Bang (model)
Big Bang (model) What can be seen / measured? basically only light (and a few particles: e ±, p, p, ν x ) in different wave lengths: microwave to γ-rays in different intensities (measured in magnitudes)
Chemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation. Marc R. Roussel
Chemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation Marc R. Roussel Nuclear reactions Ordinary chemical reactions do not involve the nuclei, so we can balance these reactions by making sure that
The Dawn of PHYSICS BEYOND THE. By Gordon Kane 68 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
The Dawn of PHYSICS BEYOND THE By Gordon Kane 68 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN STANDARD MODEL The Standard Model of particle physics is at a pivotal moment in its history: it is both at the height of its success
The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Tom W.B. Kibble Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London
The Standard Model of Particle Physics Tom W.B. Kibble Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London Abstract This is a historical account from my personal perspective of the development over the last few
WHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM??
WHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM?? In the very beginning, both space and time were created in the Big Bang. It happened 13.7 billion years ago. Afterwards, the universe was a very hot, expanding soup
Searching for the Building Blocks of Matter
1 Searching for the Building Blocks of Matter Building Blocks of Matter The Smallest Scales Physicists at Fermilab are searching for the smallest building blocks of matter and determining how they interact
Session 42 Review The Universe, and its Dark Side
95% Session 42 Review The Universe, and its Dark Side Dec 9, 2011 Email: ph116@u.washington.edu Announcements Final exam: Monday 12/12, 2:30-4:20 pm Same length/format as previous exams (but you can have
What Does It Take to Solve the Mysteries of the Universe?
What Does It Take to Solve the Mysteries of the Universe? Professor Lawrence Hall teaches the students of Physics 233A (a.k.a. The Standard Model of Physics) about the Higgs mechanism, or how the W particles
The Crafoord Prize 2005
I N F O R M A T I O N F O R T H E P U B L I C The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy 2005 to James Gunn, Princeton University, USA, James Peebles, Princeton
Einstein s theory of relativity
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Origins, December 5, 2008 Overview UCL Institute of Origins Origins UCL has established the Institute of Origins to promote world leading research in topics related
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the Universe
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the Universe 1. Concepts from General Relativity 1.1 Curvature of space As we discussed earlier, Einstein s equivalence principle states that
Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Physics comprises the study of:
Nuclear Physics Nuclear Physics comprises the study of: The general properties of nuclei The particles contained in the nucleus The interaction between these particles Radioactivity and nuclear reactions
Atomic structure. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Atomic structure This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
5.1 Evolution of the Atomic Model
5.1 Evolution of the Atomic Model Studying the atom has been a fascination of scientists for hundreds of years. Even Greek philosophers, over 2500 years ago, discussed the idea of there being a smallest
Activity: Multiwavelength Bingo
ctivity: Multiwavelength background: lmost everything that we know about distant objects in the Universe comes from studying the light that is emitted or reflected by them. The entire range of energies
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon Reading Assignment Chapter 7.1: Overall Structure of Planet Earth Chapter 7.3: Earth s Interior More Precisely 7-2: Radioactive Dating Chapter 7.5: Earth s Magnetosphere Chapter
The. Shape. Things. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of Science Education http://education.jlab.org/
Shape The of Things The Shape of Things Can you see a hidden shape without using your eyes? 1. To do this experiment, your team will need: A pie pan with a hidden shape under it (Don t peek!) A marble
Build Your Own Universe
Build Your Own Universe You will need: At least 10,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000 x Down quarks At least 10,000,000,000,000,000,
Modeling the Expanding Universe
H9 Modeling the Expanding Universe Activity H9 Grade Level: 8 12 Source: This activity is produced by the Universe Forum at NASA s Office of Space Science, along with their Structure and Evolution of the
This - rather famous - image is a visualization of the data collected by NASA s WMAP mission. It shows the cosmic microwave background radiation
1 This - rather famous - image is a visualization of the data collected by NASA s WMAP mission. It shows the cosmic microwave background radiation variation of the universe. The image confirms that, with
The Hidden Lives of Galaxies. Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC
The Hidden Lives of Galaxies Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC What is a Galaxy? Solar System Distance from Earth to Sun = 93,000,000 miles = 8 light-minutes Size of Solar System = 5.5 light-hours What is
Cross section, Flux, Luminosity, Scattering Rates
Cross section, Flux, Luminosity, Scattering Rates Table of Contents Paul Avery (Andrey Korytov) Sep. 9, 013 1 Introduction... 1 Cross section, flux and scattering... 1 3 Scattering length λ and λ ρ...
Physics 1104 Midterm 2 Review: Solutions
Physics 114 Midterm 2 Review: Solutions These review sheets cover only selected topics from the chemical and nuclear energy chapters and are not meant to be a comprehensive review. Topics covered in these
Toward a PhD Degree in Physics
Steps Toward a PhD Degree p. 1/?? Toward a PhD Degree in Physics Jacobus Verbaarschot, Graduate Program Director jacobus.verbaarschot@stonybrook.edu Stony Brook, August 2012 The Grand Picture Steps Toward
Objectives 404 CHAPTER 9 RADIATION
Objectives Explain the difference between isotopes of the same element. Describe the force that holds nucleons together. Explain the relationship between mass and energy according to Einstein s theory
The content is based on the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) standards and is aligned with state standards.
Literacy Advantage Physical Science Physical Science Literacy Advantage offers a tightly focused curriculum designed to address fundamental concepts such as the nature and structure of matter, the characteristics
Theory of electrons and positrons
P AUL A. M. DIRAC Theory of electrons and positrons Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1933 Matter has been found by experimental physicists to be made up of small particles of various kinds, the particles of
Unification - The Standard Model
Unification - The Standard Model Information on Physics level 4 Undergraduate Course PT.4.6 K.S. Stelle, Office Huxley 519 November 9, 2015 Rapid Feedback to be handed in to the UG office Level 3 (day
18.2 Comparing Atoms. Atomic number. Chapter 18
As you know, some substances are made up of only one kind of atom and these substances are called elements. You already know something about a number of elements you ve heard of hydrogen, helium, silver,
Curriculum for Excellence. Higher Physics. Success Guide
Curriculum for Excellence Higher Physics Success Guide Electricity Our Dynamic Universe Particles and Waves Electricity Key Area Monitoring and Measuring A.C. Monitoring alternating current signals with
THE MEANING OF THE FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT
THE MEANING OF THE FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT Robert L. Oldershaw Amherst College Amherst, MA 01002 USA rloldershaw@amherst.edu Abstract: A possible explanation is offered for the longstanding mystery surrounding
The Sun and Solar Energy
I The Sun and Solar Energy One of the most important forces behind global change on Earth is over 90 million miles distant from the planet. The Sun is the ultimate, original source of the energy that drives
Guide to Understanding X-ray Crystallography
Guide to Understanding X-ray Crystallography What is X-ray Crystallography and why do I need to learn it? X-ray Crystallography is a scientific method of determining the precise positions/arrangements
The Models of the Atom
The Models of the Atom All life, whether in the form of trees, whales, mushrooms, bacteria or amoebas, consists of cells. Similarly, all matter, whether in the form of aspirin, gold, vitamins, air or minerals,
History of the Atom & Atomic Theory
Chapter 5 History of the Atom & Atomic Theory You re invited to a Thinking Inside the Box Conference Each group should nominate a: o Leader o Writer o Presenter You have 5 minutes to come up with observations
Boardworks AS Physics
Boardworks AS Physics Vectors 24 slides 11 Flash activities Prefixes, scalars and vectors Guide to the SI unit prefixes of orders of magnitude Matching powers of ten to their SI unit prefixes Guide to
The Physics Graduate Program
The Physics Graduate Program p. 1/3 The Physics Graduate Program Jacobus Verbaarschot, Graduate Program Director jacobus.verbaarschot@stonybrook.edu Stony Brook, August 2015 The Physics Graduate Program
Exploring the Universe Through the Hubble Space Telescope
Exploring the Universe Through the Hubble Space Telescope WEEK FIVE: THE HUBBLE DEEP FIELD + LIMITATIONS OF HUBBLE, COLLABORATIONS, AND THE FUTURE OF ASTRONOMY Date: October 14, 2013 Instructor: Robert
Generally Covariant Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 15 Generally Covariant Quantum Mechanics by Myron W. Evans, Alpha Foundation s Institutute for Advance Study (AIAS). (emyrone@oal.com, www.aias.us, www.atomicprecision.com) Dedicated to the Late
Radioactivity III: Measurement of Half Life.
PHY 192 Half Life 1 Radioactivity III: Measurement of Half Life. Introduction This experiment will once again use the apparatus of the first experiment, this time to measure radiation intensity as a function
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *0123456789* PHYSICS 9702/02 Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions For Examination from 2016 SPECIMEN
STAAR Science Tutorial 30 TEK 8.8C: Electromagnetic Waves
Name: Teacher: Pd. Date: STAAR Science Tutorial 30 TEK 8.8C: Electromagnetic Waves TEK 8.8C: Explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY In general, when an object performs work on another object, it does not transfer all of its energy to that object. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to
Background Biology and Biochemistry Notes A
Background Biology and Biochemistry Notes A Vocabulary dependent variable evidence experiment hypothesis independent variable model observation prediction science scientific investigation scientific law
Data Provided: A formula sheet and table of physical constants is attached to this paper. DARK MATTER AND THE UNIVERSE
Data Provided: A formula sheet and table of physical constants is attached to this paper. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY Autumn Semester (2014-2015) DARK MATTER AND THE UNIVERSE 2 HOURS Answer question
Statement of Hugh E. Montgomery President, Jefferson Science Associates, LLC Director, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Statement of Hugh E. Montgomery President, Jefferson Science Associates, LLC Director, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Committee on Science
The Elegant Universe Teacher s Guide
The Elegant Universe Teacher s Guide On the Web It s the holy grail of physics the search for the ultimate explanation of how the universe works. And in the past few years, excitement has grown among scientists
Maintaining a Work/Life Balance. APS Webinar
Maintaining a Work/Life Balance APS Webinar B.T.Fleming Yale University February 22nd, 2011 A few words about myself: Bonnie Fleming Horace D. Taft Associate Professor of Physics Yale University Teaching:
165 points. Name Date Period. Column B a. Cepheid variables b. luminosity c. RR Lyrae variables d. Sagittarius e. variable stars
Name Date Period 30 GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE SECTION 30.1 The Milky Way Galaxy In your textbook, read about discovering the Milky Way. (20 points) For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching
The Standard Model and the LHC! in the Higgs Boson Era Juan Rojo!
The Standard Model and the LHC in the Higgs Boson Era Juan Rojo Saturday Mornings of Theoretical Physics Rudolf Peierls Center for Theoretical Physics Oxford, 07/02/2015 1 The Standard Model of Particle
Atomic Structure OBJECTIVES SCHEDULE PREPARATION VOCABULARY MATERIALS. For each team of four. The students. For the class.
activity 4 Atomic Structure OBJECTIVES Students are introduced to the structure of the atom and the nature of subatomic particles. The students are introduced to the properties of protons, neutrons, and
3 Atomic Structure 15
3 Atomic Structure 15 3.1 Atoms You need to be familiar with the terms in italics The diameter of the nucleus is approximately 10-15 m and an atom 10-10 m. All matter consists of atoms. An atom can be
SIZE. Energy. Non-Mechanical Energy. Mechanical Energy. Part II. Examples of Non-Mechanical Energy. Examples of Mechanical Energy.
Energy Part II Non-Mechanical Energy Wait a minute if all energy is either kinetic or potential and TME = KE + PE then how can there possibly be such thing as non-mechanical energy!?!? Mechanical Energy
THEORY OF EVERYTHING. Michael Duff INSTANT EXPERT 12
THEORY OF EVERYTHING Michael Duff INSTANT EXPERT 12 Four fundamental forces ArSciMed/spl below: DESY/nasa What holds the quarks and leptons, or building-block particles, together? As far as we can tell,
Chapter 1 Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors
Chapter 1 Units, Physical Quantities, and Vectors 1 The Nature of Physics Physics is an experimental science. Physicists make observations of physical phenomena. They try to find patterns and principles
PHYSICAL WORLD. Heat & Energy GOD S DESIGN. 4th Edition Debbie & Richard Lawrence
PHYSICAL WORLD Heat & Energy GOD S DESIGN 4th Edition Debbie & Richard Lawrence God s Design for the Physical World is a complete physical science curriculum for grades 3 8. The books in this series are
23. The Beginning of Time. Agenda. Agenda. ESA s Venus Express. Conditions in the Early Universe. 23.1 Running the Expansion Backward
23. The Beginning of Time Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. Agenda Announce: Solar Altitude Lab (#2) due today Read Ch. 24 for Thursday Observation make-up next week Project Presentations
Malcolm S. Longair. Galaxy Formation. With 141 Figures and 12 Tables. Springer
Malcolm S. Longair Galaxy Formation With 141 Figures and 12 Tables Springer Contents Part I Preliminaries 1. Introduction, History and Outline 3 1.1 Prehistory 3 1.2 The Theory of the Expanding Universe