Chapter 5 - Lesson 3 "The Pyramid Builders" p

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1 Chapter 5 - Lesson 3 "The Pyramid Builders" p MAIN IDEAS Government Egypt united under a central government that ruled for centuries Culture Pharaoh Khufu built a huge monument to proclaim his glory. Government Egypt entered a period of change as centralized rule weakened. WORD Definition Picture / other representation Learning Target # - Why? dynasty succession pharaoh pyramid step pyramid Khufu inherit (164 / 165) 1

2 The Old Kingdom (p ) The Old 1. According to legend, who united Upper and Lower Egypt? Kingdom 2. The rulers of Upper and Lower Egypt wore crowns when they ruled each land separately. When the two lands were combined, so were the crowns. Draw the crowns below. Crown of Upper Egypt Crown of Lower Egypt Double Crown Upper and Lower Egypt 3. More than 30 dynasties ruled ancient Egypt. How was a ruler chosen? When a ruler died, explain who took over as ruler. 4. The word "king" was replaced by the word which meant. Originally the word pharaoh was used to describe the king's. Later it became the title of the king himself. 5. Originally, the capital city of Egypt was. 6. Ancient Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a child of the gods and a god himself. Egyptians believed that if the pharaoh and his subjects the gods, their lives would be. 7. Ancient Egyptians believed that if they suffered hard times, the people blamed for the gods. 8. Because the pharaoh was thought to be a god, government and were not separate in ancient Egypt. had a great deal of power in the government. Many high officials were priests. 2

3 Khufu s Great Pyramid (p ) Khufu s 9. The first rulers of Egypt were often buried in an underground tomb topped by Great. Soon, kings wanted more permanent monuments. They replaced Pyramid the mud brick with a small made out of or. A pyramid has sides. 10. King was the first to build a large pyramid over his tomb. This was called a pyramid. It is called this as its sides rise in a series of giant steps. It is the oldest known structure in the world. 11. Eighty years later, a pharaoh named wanted a monument that would show the world how great he was. So he ordered the construction of the largest pyramid ever built. This structure was eventually called. 12. Write 6 facts about Khufu s Great Pyramid that you think are important. 13. Khufu was a warrior king who helped bring great things to Egypt. He had the Great Pyramid constructed. The only object archeologists have found left from his funeral is a that was feet long. The ship was meant to transport Khufu's through the along the path of the sun god. 3

4 Khufu s Great Pyramid (continued) 14. Why did Egyptians eventually stop building pyramids? 15. What did the Egyptians believe about a buried person if the tomb was robbed? 16. Where were burial chambers hidden? Why was this? 17. Describe the inside of an Egyptian tomb. construction of the inside: objects placed inside: artwork inside: Middle Kingdom (p ) Middle Kingdom 18. By 2130 BC Egyptian kings began to lose their power to local rulers of the. For about 500 more years, the kings held Egypt together, but with a much weaker. 19. During the Middle Kingdom people from the called the invaded Egypt. 20. The Hyksos army conquered by using better and which were new to the Egyptians. 21. It took the Egyptians about years to drive the Hyksos out of Egypt. 22. Once the Hyksos were gone, the time period known as the began. 4

5 Geography Practice - Types of Pyramids People have built pyramids in Mexico, South America, Greece, India, and Thailand. The pyramids in Egypt, though, are the best known. Ancient Egyptians built huge pyramids to bury the pharaohs and their treasures. Some early pharaohs were buried in small pyramids made of brick or stone. About 2630 B.C., the pharaoh Djoser built a much larger pyramid at Saqqara. This pyramid was made all of stone. It had six levels, or steps, and was called a step pyramid. About 80 years later, the pharaoh Khufu ordered the construction of the largest pyramid ever built. This pyramid had smooth sides and is known as a true pyramid. The locations of step pyramids and true pyramids in Egypt are shown in the map below. 1. Which sea borders the Eastern Desert? 2. Which city is the farthest east? 3. Describe the region in which step pyramids were most common. 4. All of the pyramids are close to which geographic feature? 5. Based on the information shown on this map, describe where Egyptian cities were most common. 6. Use this map to estimate the distance between Thebes and Memphis. 7. How do you think the stones used to build the pyramids were transported? Lesson Summary (p. 170) For thousands of years, Egypt remained a unified country ruled by a series of dynasties. The Egyptians built pyramids to honor pharaohs. Tombs inside the pyramids held treasures to be used in the afterlife. The Middle Kingdom was a time when the central government lost power to the provinces. Why it matters now (p. 170) Ancient Egypt still fascinates people. Books and movies portray the mystery of mummies and tombs. People wear jewelry and use household objects modeled on Egyptian artifacts. 5