Chapter 3 The Revolutionary Era( )

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 The Revolutionary Era( ) Vocabulary Research: 1. Proclamation of Salutary Neglect 3. John Locke 4. Sugar Act 5. Stamp Act 6. Samuel Adams 7. Stamp Act Congress 8. Sons of Liberty 9. Townshend Acts 10. Boston Massacre 11. Boston Tea Party 12. Coercive Acts 13. Declaration of Independence 14. Loyalists 15. Patriots 16. Battle of Saratoga 17. George Washington 18. John Jay Leave space for descriptions/definitions, summaries, and responses Organizer Sections: 1. Salutary Neglect Ends 2. Colonial Resistance 3. The War for Independence 4. Results of the Revolution Discussion Topics: 1. How did the British victory in the Seven Years War help bring on the American Revolution? 2. Which single action between 1763 and 1776 was most damaging to British colonial relations? Defend your choice. 3. Despite the British legislative retreat between 1770 and 1776, how did events overtake British attempts to pacify the colonies? 4. Which three individuals were most responsible for the rupture between Britain and the colonies? Defend your answer. 5. Why did Britain believe the military phase of the revolt would be brief? 6. How could one argue that the Americans did not win their independence, but rather that the British lost the colonies?

2 7. Why did France help the colonies? How did this motivation cause friction in 1783 between France and the fledgling US? 8. What conflicting interests appeared among the nations in settling the Revolution in 1783? 9. In what ways was the Revolution actually revolutionary? In what ways was it not? Historical Thinking Skill: Establishing Cause and Effect Relationships When you couple causes to their consequences, you construct trends, generalizations, and themes that are not apparent from the study of individual, and seemingly unrelated facts and events. Which single action between 1763 and 1776 was most damaging to British colonial relations? Defend your choice. Cause of Damage: 1. Seven Years War 2. Townshend Acts 3. Coercive Acts 4. Sugar Act 5. Boston Massacre 6. Stamp Act 7. Salutary Neglect 8. Stamp act Congress 9. Boston Tea Party The most damaging action was: Effect: Essay Skill: Focus on the Question, What is it Asking? *Quickly jot down a series of questions that breaks the prompt into its fundamental components. The American Revolution was the culmination of unavoidable mistakes and misunderstandings in England and America from To address the prompt effectively, you would first ask: Was the Revolution unavoidable? What were the major mistakes and misunderstandings? Were both sides equally responsible for them? Who did the American Revolution transform European politics from 1775 to 1783? You might first ask: What European countries were involved? What interest did each country pursue?

3 How did the Revolution impact any existing European rivalries? How did the colonies take advantage of these developments? British policy from 1763 to 1776 was a history of repeated injuries and usurpations designed to establish an absolute tyranny over the colonies. How was the colonial social and economic structure affected by the Revolution s ideology? Document Skill: Determining Credibility (Whom do you Believe?) POW Primary or secondary source? A primary source is a first hand account of an event. Examples are letters, speeches, court rulings, and newspaper articles. A secondary source written by someone who acquired the information second hand and at a later date. He or she was not actually present at the event, like your textbook. Primary sources are usually given greater credibility. Occasion of the source when was it produced? Was the document produced at the time the event occurred? Always look for the date of the source. Writer s agenda did he/she have a vested interest? What do you know about the writers? Do the writers have a vested interest in the event that would color their perspective? Greater credence is given to the neutral observer. Standing of the author could he/she really know? Were the authors in a position to know what happened? Could they actually give an accurate first hand account? Set 1: Who Fired First? Doc A: I, Thomas Fessenden, of lawful age, testify and declare, that being in a pasture near the meeting house at said Lexington, on Wednesday, last, at about half an hour before sunrise, I saw three officers on horseback advance to the front of said Regulars, when one of them being with six rods of the said Militia, cried out, Disperse, you rebels, immediately; on which he brandished his sword over his head three times; meanwhile, the second officer, who was about two rods behind him, fired a pistol pointed at the Militia, and the Regulars kept huzzaing till he had finished brandishing his sword. Thomas Fessenden, a colonial onlooker at Lexington, 4/23/1775

4 Doc B: However the best of my recollection about 4 O Clock in the Morning being the 19 th of April 5 front Compoys was ordered to Load which we did, about a half hour after we found that precaution had been necessary It was Lexington when we saw one of their Compys drawn up in regular order Major Pitcairn of the Marines second in command call d to them to disperse, but their not seeming willing he desired us to mind our space which we did when they gave us a fire then run off to get behind a wall. Ensign Jeremy Lister, British officer, writing in 1832 *The better source is: Set 2: What caused the Revolution? Doc C: In the winter of the British government learned that America had become a powder keg. Blame for this situation must be attributed in far larger measure to the inadequacies of George III and British politicians than to the activities of the radical leadership in America. had the new policy been firmly and steadily pushed in the Stamp Act crisis, it is barely possible that American resistance might have been peacefully overcome. But wiser by far than a consistent course of coercion would have been the abandoning of the effort to turn back the colonial clock. An American policy to be based upon recognition of the maturity of the colonies and of their value to the mother country, together with an attitude of goodwill, might have postponed indefinitely the era of American independence John R. Alden, The American Revolution, (written in 1954) Doc D: The Parliament unquestionably possesses a legal authority to regulate the trade of Great Britain and all her colonies. Such an authority is essential to the relation between a mother country and her colonies This power is lodged in the parliament; and we are much dependent on Great Britain, as a perfectly free people can be on another. I have looked over every statute relating to these colonies, from their first settlement to this time; and I find every one of them founded on this principle, till the Stamp Act administration. All before, are

5 calculated to regulate trade Thus the King by his judges in his courts of justice, imposes fines which all together amount to a very considerable sum, But this is merely consequence arising from restrictions the British parliament till the period above mentioned, think of imposing duties in America fore THE PURPOSE OF RAISING A REVENUE that is, to raise money upon us without our consent. John Dickinson, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer, 1767 *the better source is