new curriculum Water Cycle Simulation

Transcription

1 OBJECTIVES: METHODS: MATERIALS: SUBJECTS: The students will learn the complex movement of water through the water cycle. They will idenfy the states of water and changes in state as it moves through the water cycle. The students will simulate the movement of water within the water cycle. 2 long ropes; 2 hula hoops; lily pads; milk caps; buckets; cones; a glass of water with ice cubes. Science, Water Cycle, Hydrology, Physical Educaon BACKGROUND: Today we are going to learn about water. Here I have a glass of water. Take a good look at the water. Can you guess how old it is? The water may have fallen from the sky as rain just last week, but the water itself has been around since the earth was formed 4.54 BILLION years ago! There is the same amount of water on Earth as there was when the earth was formed. So, the water you drink could contain the same water molecules that dinosaurs drank 100 MILLION years ago! Water Molecules: Water States: Water on Earth: What is water made of? Water is composed of two elements 2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen = H 2 O (water molecule) Water can be in 3 different forms liquid, solid and gas. Water freezes at 32 F or 0 C Water evaporates at 212 F or 100 C Water expands by 9% when it freezes. Frozen water is lighter than water, which is why ice floats in water. How much water is there on the Earth? 332,500,000 cubic miles In fact, 80% of the Earth s surface is water. Water distribuon of all Earth s water:

2 BACKGROUND (connued): Does water stay in the same place? NO Water moves around in the Hydrologic Cycle, also known as the Water Cycle. You can find water in the ocean or lakes, when the sun heats up the water, what happens? Evaporaon: When the sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and oceans, water is turned into vapor or steam. The water leaves rivers, lakes and oceans and goes into the air. Transpiraon: Is like plant s sweat. Plant leaves have pores and they can lose water out of their leaves. What will happen to the water vapor in the air? Condensaon: Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. Ice cold water in a glass When water vapor in the air touches the cold glass surface, it gets cooled, and liquid water forms on the outside of the glass. When small water drops collect together, they become too heavy to stay on the glass surface and drop to the ground. The same thing happens in a cloud water vapor becomes rain, snow or hail and drops to Earth. Precipitaon: Occurs when so much water has condensed that air cannot hold it anymore. When water falls back to earth as precipitaon, it may fall back in oceans, lakes and rivers, or land. Accumulaon: When water ends up on land, it will soak into the earth, and become part of the ground water that plants use and eventually it will be collected/join oceans and lakes. Then the cycle starts all over AGAIN! Average Residence Times Oceans 3,200 years Glaciers years Seasonal Snow Cover 2 6 months Ground Water (shallow) years Ground Water (deep) 10,000 years Lakes years Rivers 2 6 months Atmosphere 9 days

3 GAME: FIRST ROUND Cloud: Land: River: Students will start out as a water drop in a cloud. As water s average residence me in the atmosphere is 9 days, they count 9 seconds in the cloud to condensate, before they can drop to the ground. Pick 2 students to be trees. Trees will try to tag water with their arms. Their feet need to be rooted to the ground. If trees tag water, transpiraon occurs. Water needs to go back to the cloud to start over. Pick 2 students to be animals. Animals will try to tag water inside the river boundary. If tagged by animals, water needs to leave the river and count 15 seconds in a hula hoop unl it can come back to the river. Ocean/Lake: When water get to the ocean, the sun will heat it up and water evaporates. Students will hop on lily pads to evaporate back to the cloud. SECOND ROUND The only difference from the First Round is that there is going to be polluon in the river. Pick 1 student to be polluon. Have the polluon hold a bucket full of milk caps. When polluon tags water, give 1 milk cap to water. When water gets to the ocean, drop the milk cap in the polluon bucket. THIRD ROUND In addion to water polluon, air polluon will join this round. All water will get a milk cap from a bucket when they rain to the ground. When trees tag water, they receive their milk caps. If a tree gets 10 polluon points, the tree will die. If water does not get tagged by trees, water can carry their milk caps to the river. If animals tag water with polluon, they get milk caps. Animals die if they get 10 polluon points. Trees and animals should not care who they tag whether water has polluon or not. If not tagged by animals either, drop polluon in the polluon bucket. See Procedure Diagram Next Page

4 FIRST ROUND: SECOND ROUND: NOTES THIRD ROUND:

5 CONCLUSION: FIRST ROUND SECOND ROUND How many mes did you make it back to the cloud through the enre cycle? Was it a healthy water cycle? YES How many mes did you make it back to the cloud through the enre cycle? What came into the game during this round? WATER POLLUTION What are some causes of water polluon? UNTREATED SEWAGE, DUMPING GARBAGE Where did the water polluon end up? IN THE OCEAN OR LAKE THIRD ROUND How many mes did you make it back to the cloud through the enre cycle? What entered during this round in addion to water polluon? AIR POLLUTION What are causes of Air Polluon? FACTORIES, CARS Acid rain is somemes strong enough to melt stones; can destroy forest; and kill fish and animals. Why is water important for us? Why should we care? 66% of the human body is water We do not want to drink polluted water What do we use water for? Drink, shower, cooking/baking, brushing teeth, swimming How much water do you think an individual person uses daily, on average? Over 100 gallons How do we get water? In the United States and Canada, we have about 1 million miles of water pipeline, which is enough to circle the earth 40 mes. Where is all the water used? To flush a toilet 2 7 gallons 5 minute shower gallons To make a new car 39,090 gallons To produce 1 gallon of milk 4 gallons To grow a chicken 400 gallons To grow an orange 13.8 gallons To grow a watermelon 100 gallons To make a loaf of bread 150 gallons Without nocing, we consume A LOT of water! What can we do to keep our water clean?