Treatment of Acidic Industrial Wastewaters using LowpHRO Technology. Charles D. Blumenschein, P.E., DEE LNSP Nagghappan
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1 Treatment of Acidic Industrial Wastewaters using LowpHRO Technology Charles D. Blumenschein, P.E., DEE LNSP Nagghappan
2 Acidic Wastewater > Sources > Phosphate Manufacturing > Mining > Steel Mills > Typical Acidic Wastewater > Hardness > Sulfates > Ammonia > Fluorides > Phosphates > Silica > Metals (Al, Fe, Mn, etc) > Total Dissolved Solids > Disposal Options > Surface Water Discharge > Beneficial Reuse as Process Water/Plant Water > Offsite Disposal of Handling > Deep Well Injection
3 Treatment Options > Single/Double Liming Process > High Chemical Costs > High Solids Generation > Issues Associated with Sludge Management > Inability to meet Effluent Quality Conductivity, Ammonia, etc > Reverse Osmosis Technology > High Quality Effluent > Scaling & Fouling Concerns > Moderate CAPEX & OPEX Costs > Effective & Reliable Technology > Evaporation Technology > High Quality Distillate > Scaling & Corrosion Concerns > High Capital Costs Exotic Materials > High OPEX Costs Power
4 RO Technology Challenges > Membrane Scaling Issues > Silica > Calcium Fluoride > Calcium Sulfate > Calcium Phosphate > Metals (Fe, Mn, Al, etc) > Membrane Fouling Issues > Particulates > Biological > Other Related Issues > Mechanical Pressure Limitation (Max: 1000 psig) > Membrane Salt Rejection Requirements (TDS, Total N, P, F, etc) > Membrane Life & Replacement Requirements > Reject Handling
5 Our Approach: > Utilize Reverse Osmosis at a Low ph > Potential Advantages: Rejection of Ammonia as Ammonium Ion Scale control by promotion of soluble chemical equilibrium to prevent calcium sulfate, calcium fluoride and silica scaling Rejection of Phosphates as H 3 PO 40 and H 2 PO 4 > Overall Technology Goals: High Quality Permeate High Recovery Rate Limited Sludge Generation Use of Reject in Production
6 Free Ammonia / Ammonium Ion Equilibrium
7 Sulfate/Bisulfate Equilibrium
8 Hydrofluoric Acid / Fluoride Equilibrium
9 Phosphoric Acid / Phosphate Equilibrium
10 LowpHRO Technology PATENT PENDING PROCESS ACTIFLO CLARIFIER MULTIMEDIA FILTER CARTRIDGE FILTER FIRST PASS REVERSE OSMOSIS SECOND PASS REVERSE OSMOSIS COAGULANT NaOCl POLYMER ANTISCALANT MICROSAND ACID CAUSTIC M M M FEED WATER PRODUCT WATER
11 LowpHRO Technology Discription > Technology Discription > Proprietary Low ph Coagulation Process > High Rate Pretreatment Process Actiflo Clarification Multimedia & Cartridge Filtration > Effective Scaling Control Proprietary Antiscalant Addition Soluble Chemical Equilibrium Promotion 1 st Pass RO ph < 3.5 Interstage Caustic Addition 2 nd Pass RO ph > 6.0 > Effective Fouling Control Particulate Fouling BioFouling
12 LowpHRO Technology Discription > Technology Discription (cont d): > High Salt Rejection Ammonia > 99% Fluorides > 99.1% Phosphates > 99.9% Sulfates > 99.1% > Less CAPEX & OPEX Costs than Double Liming Process 90 ~ 95% Less Alkali Demands 90 ~ 95% Less Solids Generation
13 Case Study 1 > Project Location Florida > Source Water Phosphate Pond Water > Project Discharge Requirements > Surface Water Discharge > Conductivity < 1,275 µs > Ammonia < 30 mg/l > Phosphate < 15 mg/l > Fluoride < 10 mg/l > Project Objectives > Low Chemical Demand > Low Solids Generation > High Salt Rejection > Low Life Cycle Cost
14 Case Study 1 Influent Quality CATIONS CONCENTRATION ANIONS CONCENTRATION CALCIUM, mg/l 716 BICARBONATES, mg/l MAGNESIUM, mg/l 303 CARBONATES, mg/l SODIUM, mg/l 1,360 HYDROXIDES, mg/l POTASSIUM, mg/l 149 SULFATES, mg/l 4,523 ALUMINUM, mg/l 112 CHLORIDES, mg/l 143 BARIUM, mg/l 1.0 PHOSPHATES, mg/l 18,642 STRONTIUM, mg/l 21.0 NITRATES, mg/l 5.0 AMMONIUM, mg/l FLUORIDES, mg/l 4,782
15 Case Study 1 Influent Quality CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION ph, standard units 1.9 TDS, mg/l 33,063 TEMPERATURE, deg F 77 Conductivity, µs 24,800 T. ALKALINITY, as CaCO 3 T. Ammonia, as N TSS, mg/l TURBIDITY, NTU 210 IRON, mg/l TOC, mg/l 132 MANGANESE, mg/l 11.6 COD, mg/l SILICA, mg/l 1,270 Total Sulfides, mg/l BORON, mg/l Total Oil & Grease, mg/l
16 Case Study 1 Treatment Challenges > Membrane Scaling Issues > Silica > Calcium Fluoride > Calcium Sulfate > Calcium Phosphate > Metals (Fe, Mn, Al, etc) > Membrane Fouling Issues > Particulates (High TSS) > Organics (High TOC) > Salt Rejection Requirements > TDS > Ammonia > Fluoride > Phosphate
17 Case Study 1 LowpHRO Technology Performance Constituent Feed Water First Pass RO Permeate Second Pass RO Permeate TDS, mg/l 33, < 25 Conductivity, µs 24,800 1,850 < 50 Ammonia, mg/l < 0.5 Phosphates, mg/l 18, < 5.0 Fluorides, mg/l 4, < 5.0 Sulfates, mg/l 4, < 1.0 Silica, mg/l 1, < 0.3 Calcium, mg/l < 0.2 ph, standard units ~ 7.5
18 Case Study 2 > Project Location South Africa > Source Water Coal Mine Water > Project Discharge Requirements > Potable Water Reuse > Total Dissolved Solids < 450 mg/l > Calcium < 80 mg/l > Magnesium < 30 mg/l > Sodium < 100 mg/l > Chloride < 100 mg/l > Sulfate < 200 mg/l > Project Objectives > Low Chemical Demand > Low Solids Generation > High Salt Rejection > Low Life Cycle Cost
19 Case Study 2 Influent Quality CATIONS CONCENTRATION ANIONS CONCENTRATION CALCIUM, mg/l 550 BICARBONATES, mg/l MAGNESIUM, mg/l 192 CARBONATES, mg/l SODIUM, mg/l 108 HYDROXIDES, mg/l POTASSIUM, mg/l 11 SULFATES, mg/l 2,896 ALUMINUM, mg/l 33 CHLORIDES, mg/l 35 BARIUM, mg/l PHOSPHATES, mg/l STRONTIUM, mg/l NITRATES, mg/l 10 AMMONIUM, mg/l 5 FLUORIDES, mg/l 1
20 Case Study 2 Influent Quality CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION ph, standard units 2.7 TDS, mg/l 4,072 TEMPERATURE, deg F 71 Conductivity, µs 6,000 T. ALKALINITY, as CaCO 3 TSS, mg/l 475 T. Ammonia, as N 6.0 TURBIDITY, NTU IRON, mg/l 175 TOC, mg/l 4 MANGANESE, mg/l 29 COD, mg/l SILICA, mg/l 25 Total Sulfides, mg/l BORON, mg/l Total Oil & Grease, mg/l
21 Case Study 2 Treatment Challenges > Membrane Scaling Issues > Calcium Sulfate > Aluminum Precipitates > Iron Precipitates > Manganese Precipitates > Membrane Fouling Issues > Particulate (High TSS) > Salt Rejection Requirements > TDS > Ammonia > Fluoride > Phosphate
22 Case Study 2.0 LowpHRO Technology Performance Constituent Feed Water Single Pass RO Permeate TDS, mg/l Calcium, mg/l Magnesium, mg/l Sodium, mg/l Chloride, mg/l Sulfate, mg/l Ammonia, mg/l 4, , < 90.0 < 8.0 < 3.0 < 5.0 < 3.5 < 61 < 0.05
23 Merits of LowpHRO Technology > High Salt Rejection > TDS > 98% > Ammonia > 99% > Fluorides > 99.1% > Phosphates > 99.9% > Sulfates > 99.1% % > Less OPEX Costs than Double Liming Process > 90 ~ 95% Less Alkali Demand > 90 ~ 95% Less Sludge Generation > Effective Pretreatment Process for Fouling Control > Proprietary LowpH Coagulation Process > Effective Removal of Particulates > Effective Scaling Control > Promotion of Soluble Chemical Equilibrium > Proprietary Antiscalant Addition > Reject Waste Reuse for Active Facilities
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