Chapter 2 - Ancient Egypt - Student. 1. The earliest Egyptians moved into the from less fertile areas. They farmed and built villages along the.

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1 Chapter 2 - Ancient Egypt - Student Name I. Settling the Nile 1. The earliest Egyptians moved into the from less fertile areas. They farmed and built villages along the. 2. is the longest river in the world, about 4,000 miles long. a. The Nile River begins as two separate rivers the 3. Egyptians used the Nile River for many things. a. They used river water to. b. They ate from the river. 4. The Nile Valley is a narrow, green valley in Egypt. The northern end of the valley is a. a. Delta. 5. The largest desert in the world, the, lies to the west of the Nile Valley. 6. lies to the east of the Nile Valley. 7. Egypt has several natural borders that protect it. The keep enemies from entering Egypt. a. cataracts II. 8. Egypt is bordered by two large bodies of water which allowed trade with other people. The River People 1. Floods along the Nile were. Between the months of and the Nile would flood and leave a dark, fertile mud along its banks. a. Kemet Ancient Egypt 1

2 2. Farmers used the soil left behind by the floods to grow. 3. Farmers learn methods of irrigation. a. they dug basins to, dug canals to, and built dikes to strengthen the basin walls. b. Technology Shadoof - 4. Papyrus, a reed plant that grew along the Nile, was used to make. 5. Hieroglyphics. a. Some Egyptian men learned to read and write. They attended schools to learn to be. III. A United Egypt 1. The people of Egypt had surplus food. Some people became artisans who. 2. Egyptians traded with each other and with others in. 3. The advances in farming, crafts, and trade created a need for. 4. Two large kingdoms emerge. 5. united the two kingdoms and ruled from the city of (capital). a. Dynasty b. Ancient Egypt was ruled by dynasties that historians have grouped into three time periods 6. Q. Comparing Egypt to Mesopotamia - In what ways was ancient Egypt like Mesopotamia? In what ways were they different? Ancient Egypt 2

3 IV. Early Egyptian Life 1. Ancient Egypt had social classes. 2. The Role of male and female a. Men b. Women could own and pass on, buy and sell, make and obtain. c. children very few went to school i. boys learned ii. girls learned Section 2 - Egypt s Old Kingdom (pages 47-52) I. Old Kingdom Rulers 1. The Old Kingdom lasted from B.C. until B.C. Ancient Egypt 3

4 2. were all-powerful Egyptian kings who guided every activity in Egypt. 3. Pharaohs appointed officials to. 4. Egyptian people served pharaohs because they believed: a. the kingdom depended on b. the pharaoh were the sons of c. the pharaohs were II. Egypt s Religion 1. Egyptians believed in many deities. a. deities 2. These deities controlled every and all. a. Re The main god, god of the sun b. Hapi c. Osiris d. Isis e. Anubis 3. The contained a collection of spells that Egyptians believed they needed to enter the afterlife. 4. Embalming 5. The embalming process includes: a. removal of b. the body was treated with c. the body was wrapped in 6. mummy 7. Egyptian doctors used and to treat illnesses, Ancient Egypt 4

5 were the first to specialize in and wrote the world s first. III. The Pyramids 1. Egyptians built pyramids to. a. pyramid 2. The process i. contained the items the pharaohs might need in the. ii. Egyptians used and to create the pyramids a. select a b. search for c. artisans cut stone into, others tied the stone to sleds and pulled them to the Nile. d. at the river - workers loaded stones onto and floated them to site e. at the site stones were unloaded and dragged or pushed up ramps into position. 3. The entrance of the Pyramid pointed. 4. Egyptians created the while studying the skies when creating the pyramids. 5. The is the largest pyramid in Egypt. a. The largest pyramid was built for and is located near. Section 3 - The Egyptian Empire (pages 59-67) I. The Middle Kingdom 1. Pharaohs lost control of Egypt in about B.C. a. A new dynasty of pharaohs created a capital at. Ancient Egypt 5

6 2. tribute 3. During the Middle Kingdom, the,, and thrived. 4. There was a change from Pyramids to tombs being cut into cliffs west of the Nile River called the 5. The Middle Kingdom ended when the attacked and conquered Egypt. a. Hyksos? b. The Hyksos ruled until 1550 B.C. when the Egyptian prince led a revolt to drive the Hyksos out of Egypt. II. The New Kingdom 1. During the period, Egypt grew richer and more powerful. 2. was the first woman to rule Egypt. 3. Trade grew during Hatshepsut s reign. a. Traders exchanged,, for,,, and. 4. became pharaoh after Hatshepsut s death. 5. conquered more lands, and Egypt grew richer from tributes. 6. Slavery became common in Thutmose s reign. Slaves had some rights. They could own,, and eventually obtain. III. Legacies of Two Pharaohs 1. came to power in 1370 B.C. 2. felt priests were gaining too much power. He introduced a new religion with only one god (Aton). Priests who did not follow the new religion were removed from power. 3. Most Egyptians refused to accept the new religion. Ancient Egypt 6

7 4. became so devoted to his new religion that he neglected his other duties. He did not act when the Hittites attacked Egypt. As a result, Egypt lost most of its land in western Asia. 5., now called, was a boy ruler who took power after Akhenaton (Amenhotep) died. a. He ruled for only years before his death. b. In A.D. 1922, a British Archeologist found King Tut s grave intact. IV. The End of the New Kingdom 1. was one of the most effective pharaohs of the New Kingdom a. Ramses II ruled Egypt for years. 2. During Ramses rule, many were built throughout Egypt. 3. Temples were used for and as. a. Most Egyptians prayed at home because they believed the temples were houses for the and. 4. After Ramses rule, the Egyptians rule began to decline. Egypt was attacked by neighboring groups and eventually controlled only the. a. Beginning in the 900s B.C., Egypt was ruled by the, then the people of, and finally the. Section 4 - The Civilization of Kush (pages 69-72) I. Nubia 1. The region of, later known as Kush, was located south of Egypt on the Nile River. 2. The first people to arrive in Nubia were cattle herders, who grazed their herds on the. 3. savanna - 4. Later farmers settled in villages in. Ancient Egypt 7

8 5. More powerful Nubian villages took control of weaker ones, and the kingdom of became wealthy. 6. The kings of were buried in tombs like the Egyptian pharaohs. 7. Egypt invaded, and after 50 years of war, Kerma was defeated. 8. During Egyptian rule, the people of Kerma adopted many of the ways. II. The Rise of Kush 1. Nubians broke away from Egypt and formed their own kingdom called. 2. The Kushite kings ruled from the city of, which was located along the. This location helped the Kush people become important traders, and Kush grew wealthy. 3. A king named and his son, conqured Egypt in 728 B.C. 4. The later invaded Egypt and forced the Kushites out. 5. The Kushites learned from the Assyrians. The Kushites were the first Africans to become iron workers. 6. Kush moved the ruling city south to the city of, farther away from the Assyrians. became an important center of trade and iron working. 7. Kushite kings rebuilt Meroe to look like Egypt, with and. 8. Kush eventually declined in power, and the kingdom of rose up. invaded Meroe and burned it to the ground. Ancient Egypt 8