The Industrial Revolution. Arianne Beste, Emily Ward

Transcription

1 The Industrial Revolution Arianne Beste, Emily Ward

2 The Beginning of Industrialization -began in england during the 18th century - people used to make textiles by hand but the industrial revolution brought machines to do it instead -started in england but soon spread to continental europe and north america -the agricultural revolution began

3 -the agricultural revolution led the the industrial -larger farmers forced small farmers to give up their land and move to the city -farmers expeirmented in their enclosures to come up with better farming techniques and methods

4 Technological Advances -Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers -livestock breeders also improved their methods -machine production started -britans natural resources were used -iron ore used to consruct machines tools and buildings

5 Industrial Development in the US Industrialization started in Britain and America possessed the same resources that allowed Britain to mechanize its industries and develop large scale factories America had rivers rich in deposits of coal and iron ore; also had a supply of immigrant laborers industrialization began in the textile industry in the last third of the 1800s, a technological boom was caused by: wealth of natural resources a burst of inventions swelling urban population consuming goods

6 railroads played a major role in America's industrialization people sold shares of stock to raise money stock: a share in certain rights of ownership of a business corporation: a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts industrialization eventually reached continental Europe

7 Industrialization Reaches Europe Belgium led Europe in adopting Britain s new technology Belgium had rich deposits of iron and coal as well as fine waterways for transportation British skilled workers played a key role in carrying industrialization to Belgium Germany, a politically divided empire with economic isolation and scattered resources, hampered countrywide industrialization Germany began to copy the British model Germany built railroads that linked manufacturing cites Germany s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power

8 In the late 1800s, the rest of Europe became industrialized railroads created a thriving national market for new French products. For reasons, many European countries did not industrialize social structure delayed the adoption of new methods of production accidents of geography held back others transportation posed great obstacles mountains defeated railroads builders lack of good roads and waterways for canals

9 Worldwide Impact The Industrial Revolution shifted the world balance of power promoted competition between industrialized nations increased poverty in less developed nations industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials from less developed lands, making them view poor countries as markets for their products countries began to seize other colonies for their economic resources Imperialism gave even more power and wealth to these already wealthy nations Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power

10 Europe gained the power to produce good faster and more cheaply Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society, from daily life to life expectancy urban workers suffered from population and health wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries great opportunities for education and democratic participation greater democratic participation, fueled a powerful movement for social reform

11 Philosophers of Industrialization laissez faire: economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference philosophers believed that if the government allowed free trade, the flow of commerce in the world market without government regulation, the economy would prosper Adam Smith: defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets Capitalism: an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit

12 Rise of Socialism theorists believed that governments should intervene Jeremy Bentham: introduced the philosophy of utilitarianism Utilitarianism: the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility Utilitarians pushed for reforms in the legal and prison systems and in education Utopian ideas improved working conditions for his employees prohibited children under ten from working in the mills free schooling

13 French reformers sought to offset the effects of industrialization with a new kind of economic system called socialism socialism: factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all socialism grew out of an optimistic view of human nature socialists argued that the government should actively plan the economy Karl Marx: introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism

14 Marx believed that the capitalist system would eventually destroy itself in the following ways factories would drive small artisans out of business the large proletariat would revolt workers would bring about economic equality for all people workers would control the government in a dictatorship of the proletariat. the state or government would wither away as a classless society developed communism: a form of complete socialism in which all means of production would be owned by the people

15 Unionization and Legislative Reform unions: voluntary associations collective bargaining: negotiations between workers and their employers strike: refusal to work