Chapter 8 Vapor Power Systems
|
|
- Henry Ford
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 8 Vapor Power Systems 1
2 2 chapter objective Study vapor power plants in which the working fluid is alternately vaporized and condensed.
3 3 Modeling Vapor Power Systems To facilitate thermodynamic analysis, overall plant can be broken down into four major subsystems identified by letters A through D on the diagram. The focus in this chapter is subsystem A, where important energy conversion from heat to work occurs.
4 4 Modeling Vapor Power Systems
5 5 Modeling Vapor Power Systems Subsystem B supplies energy required to vaporize water passing through boiler. In fossil-fuel plants, this is accomplished by heat transfer to working fluid passing through tubes and drums in boiler from hot gases produced by combustion of a fossil fuel. Regardless of energy source, vapor produced in boiler passes through a turbine, where it expands to a lower pressure. The shaft of turbine is connected to an electric generator (subsystem D). Vapor leaving turbine passes through condenser, where it condenses on outside of tubes carrying cooling water. Cooling water circuit comprises subsystem C. Cooling water is sent to a cooling tower, where energy taken up in condenser is rejected to atmosphere. Cooling water is then recirculated through the condenser.
6 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Evaluating Principal Work and Heat Transfers 6 Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that models subsystem A on Fig. 8.1
7 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Evaluating Principal Work and Heat Transfers TURBINE 7 CONDENSER
8 8 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Evaluating Principal Work and Heat Transfers Pump Boiler Thermal Efficiency
9 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Evaluating Principal Work and Heat Transfers 9 back work ratio: bwr, ratio of pump work input to work developed by the turbine
10 10 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Ideal Rankine Cycle
11 11 EXAMPLE 8.1 Ideal Rankine Cycle Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle. Saturated vapor enters the turbine at 8.0 MPa and saturated liquid exits the condenser at a pressure of MPa. The net power output of the cycle is 100 MW. Determine for the cycle a. The thermal efficiency b. back work ratio c. mass flow rate of the steam, in kg/h d. rate of heat transfer into the working fluid as it passes through the boiler, in MW e. rate of heat transfer, from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser, in MW f. mass flow rate of the condenser cooling water, in kg/ h, if cooling water enters the condenser at 15 C and exits at 35 C.
12 12 EXAMPLE 8.1 Ideal Rankine Cycle
13 13 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Effects of Boiler and Condenser Pressures Thermal efficiency of power cycles tends to increase as average temperature at which energy is added by heat transfer increases and/or average temperature at which energy is rejected decreases. Increasing boiler pressure of ideal Rankine cycle tends to increase thermal efficiency.
14 14 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Effects of Boiler and Condenser Pressures Decreasing condenser pressure tends to increase thermal efficiency.
15 15 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Effects of Boiler and Condenser Pressures Lowest feasible condenser pressure is saturation pressure corresponding to ambient temperature, lowest possible temperature for heat rejection to surroundings. The goal of maintaining lowest practical turbine exhaust (condenser) pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a power plant. Liquid water at atmospheric pressure could be drawn into boiler by a pump, and steam could be discharged directly to atmosphere at turbine exit. By including a condenser in which steam side is operated at a pressure below atmospheric, turbine has a lower-pressure region in which to discharge, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. The addition of a condenser also allows working fluid to flow in a closed loop.
16 16 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Comparison with Carnot Cycle Ideal Rankine cycle has a lower thermal efficiency than Carnot cycle having same max T H and min T C because average temperature between 4 and 4 is less than T H. Carnot cycle has two shortcomings as a model for simple vapor power cycle: 1. Heat passing to working fluid of a vapor power plant is usually obtained from hot products of combustion cooling at approximately constant pressure. To exploit fully the energy released on combustion, hot products should be cooled as much as possible. First portion of heating process of Rankine cycle is achieved by cooling combustion products below max T H. With Carnot cycle, combustion products would be cooled at the most to T H. Thus, a smaller portion of energy released on combustion would be used. 2. State 3 is a two-phase liquid vapor mixture. Significant practical problems are encountered in developing pumps that handle twophase mixtures, as would be required by Carnot cycle. It is far easier to condense vapor completely and handle only liquid in pump, as is done in Rankine cycle. Pumping from 3 to 4 and constant-pressure heating without work from 4 to 4 are processes that can be closely achieved in practice.
17 17 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Principal Irreversibilities and Losses - TURBINE An actual adiabatic expansion through turbine is accompanied by an increase in entropy. Work developed is less than for corresponding isentropic expansion. Isentropic efficiency is turbine
18 18 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems - Rankine Cycle Principal Irreversibilities and Losses - PUMP Work input to pump required to overcome frictional effects reduces net power output of plant. In absence of heat transfer to surroundings, there would be an increase in entropy across the pump. Work input for this process is greater than for corresponding isentropic process. Isentropic pump efficiency is
19 19 EXAMPLE 8.2 Rankine Cycle with Irreversibilities Reconsider the vapor power cycle of Example 8.1, but include in the analysis that the turbine and the pump each have an isentropic efficiency of 85%. Determine for the modified cycle a. thermal efficiency b. mass flow rate of steam, in kg/h for a net power output of 100 MW c. rate of heat transfer into the working fluid as it passes through the boiler, in MW d. rate of heat transfer from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser, in MW e. mass flow rate of the condenser cooling water, in kg/h, if cooling water enters the condenser at 15 C and exits as 35 C. Discuss the effects on the vapor cycle of irreversibilities within the turbine and pump.
20 20 EXAMPLE 8.2 Rankine Cycle with Irreversibilities
21 21 Improving Performance - Superheat and Reheat An increase in boiler pressure or a decrease in condenser pressure may result in a reduction of steam quality at exit of turbine. If quality of mixture passing through turbine becomes too low, impact of liquid droplets in flowing liquid vapor mixture can erode turbine blades, causing a decrease in turbine efficiency and an increased need for maintenance. Common practice: maintain at least 90% quality at turbine exit. Cycle modifications known as superheat and reheat permit advantageous operating pressures in boiler and condenser and yet offset problem of low quality of turbine exhaust.
22 22 Improving Performance - Superheat Further energy can be added by heat transfer to steam, bringing it to a superheated vapor condition at turbine inlet. Steam generator: combination of boiler and superheater. The cycle with superheat has a higher average temperature of heat addition than cycle without superheating, so thermal efficiency is higher. Quality at turbine exhaust is greater. Superheating tends to alleviate problem of low steam quality at turbine exhaust. With sufficient superheating, turbine exhaust state may even fall in the superheated vapor region.
23 23 Improving Performance - Reheat Steam does not expand to condenser pressure in a single stage. The steam expands through a first-stage turbine (Process 1 2) to some pressure between steam generator and condenser pressures. Steam is then reheated in steam generator (Process 2 3). After reheating, steam expands in a second-stage turbine to condenser pressure (Process 3 4). Principal advantage of reheat: increase quality of steam at turbine exhaust.
24 24 Improving Performance - Reheat
25 25 Improving Performance - Supercritical Cycle Temperature of steam entering turbine is restricted by metallurgical limitations imposed by materials used to fabricate superheater, reheater, and turbine. High pressure in steam generator requires piping that can withstand great stresses at elevated temperatures. Although these factors limit gains that can be realized through superheating and reheating, improved materials and methods of fabrication have permitted significant increases over years in max allowed cycle temperatures and steam generator pressures, with corresponding increases in thermal efficiency.
26 26 EXAMPLE 8.3 Ideal Reheat Cycle Steam is the working fluid in an ideal Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat. Steam enters the first-stage turbine at 8.0 MPa, 480 C, and expands to 0.7 MPa. It is then reheated to 440 C before entering the second-stage turbine, where it expands to the condenser pressure of MPa. The net power output is 100 MW. Determine a. thermal efficiency of the cycle b. mass flow rate of steam, in kg/h c. rate of heat transfer from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser, in MW. Discuss the effects of reheat on the vapor power cycle.
27 27 EXAMPLE 8.3 Ideal Reheat Cycle
28 28 EXAMPLE 8.4 Reheat Cycle with Turbine Irreversibility Reconsider the reheat cycle of Example 8.3, but include in the analysis that each turbine stage has the same isentropic efficiency. a. If h t = 85%, determine the thermal efficiency. b. Plot the thermal efficiency versus turbine stage efficiency ranging from 85 to 100%.
29 29 Open Feed Water Heaters Open feedwater heater, a direct contact-type heat exchanger in which streams at different temperatures mix to form a stream at an intermediate temperature. For this cycle, working fluid passes isentropically through turbine stages and pumps, and the flow through steam generator, condenser, and feed water heater takes place with no pressure drop in any of these components. Steam enters first-stage turbine at state 1 and expands to state 2, where a fraction of total flow is extracted, or bled, into an open feedwater heater operating at extraction pressure, p 2. The rest of steam expands through second-stage turbine to state 3. This portion of total flow is condensed to saturated liquid, state 4, and then pumped to extraction pressure and introduced into feedwater heater at state 5. A single mixed stream exits feed water heater at state 6. Mass flow rates of streams entering feed water heater are chosen so that stream exiting feed water heater is a saturated liquid at the extraction pressure. Liquid at state 6 is then pumped to steam generator pressure and enters steam generator at state 7. Finally, working fluid is heated from state 7 to state 1 in steam generator.
30 30 Open Feed Water Heaters
31 31 Open Feed Water Heaters Heat addition would take place from state 7 to state 1, rather than from state a to state 1, as would be the case without regeneration. Accordingly, amount of energy that must be supplied from combustion of a fossil fuel, to vaporize and superheat the steam would be reduced. Only a portion of total flow expands through 2 nd stage turbine (Process 2 3), however, so less work would be developed as well. In practice, operating conditions are chosen so that reduction in heat added more than offsets the decrease in net work developed, resulting in an increased thermal efficiency in regenerative power plants.
32 32 Open Feed Water Heaters Taking a single control volume enclosing both turbine stages, mass rate balance reduces at steady state to Assuming no heat transfer between feedwater heater and its surroundings and ignoring kinetic and potential energy effects, mass and energy rate balances reduce at steady state to give
33 33 Open Feed Water Heaters
34 34 EXAMPLE 8.5 Regenerative Cycle with Open Feedwater Heater Consider a regenerative vapor power cycle with one open feedwater heater. Steam enters the turbine at 8.0 MPa, 480 C and expands to 0.7 MPa, where some of the steam is extracted and diverted to the open feedwater heater operating at 0.7 MPa. The remaining steam expands through the second-stage turbine to the condenser pressure of MPa. Saturated liquid exits the open feedwater heater at 0.7 MPa. The isentropic efficiency of each turbine stage is 85% and each pump operates isentropically. If the net power output of the cycle is 100 MW, determine a. thermal efficiency b. mass flow rate of steam entering first turbine stage, in kg/h.
35 35 EXAMPLE 8.5 Regenerative Cycle with Open Feedwater Heater
36 36 Improving Performance Closed Feedwater Heaters Closed heaters: shell-and-tube-type recuperators in which feedwater temperature increases as extracted steam condenses on outside of tubes carrying feedwater. Since the two streams do not mix, they can be at different pressures.
37 Improving Performance Closed Feedwater Heaters 37
38 38 Improving Performance Multiple Feedwater Heaters
39 39 EXAMPLE 8.6 Reheat Regenerative Cycle with Two Feedwater Heaters Consider a reheat regenerative vapor power cycle with two feedwater heaters, a closed feedwater heater and an open feedwater heater. Steam enters the first turbine at 8.0 MPa, 480 C and expands to 0.7 MPa. The steam is reheated to 440 C before entering the second turbine, where it expands to the condenser pressure of MPa. Steam is extracted from the first turbine at 2 MPa and fed to the closed feedwater heater. Feedwater leaves the closed heater at 205 C and 8.0 MPa, and condensate exits as saturated liquid at 2 MPa. The condensate is trapped into the open feedwater heater. Steam extracted from the second turbine at 0.3 MPa is also fed into the open feedwater heater, which operates at 0.3 MPa. The stream exiting the open feedwater heater is saturated liquid at 0.3 MPa. The net power output of the cycle is 100 MW. There is no stray heat transfer from any component to its surroundings. If the working fluid experiences no irreversibilities as it passes through the turbines, pumps, steam generator, reheater, and condenser, determine a. thermal efficiency b. mass flow rate of the steam entering the first turbine, in kg/h
40 40 EXAMPLE 8.6 Reheat Regenerative Cycle with Two Feedwater Heaters
41 41 Home Work Assignment CH8 1, 9, 16, 22, 33, 41, 47 Due Wednesday 16/5/2012
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES INTRODUCTION This tutorial is designed for students wishing to extend their knowledge of thermodynamics to a more
More informationC H A P T E R T W O. Fundamentals of Steam Power
35 C H A P T E R T W O Fundamentals of Steam Power 2.1 Introduction Much of the electricity used in the United States is produced in steam power plants. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters,
More informationAn analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: A theoretical investigation
An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a Rankine cycle: A theoretical investigation R K Kapooria Department of Mechanical Engineering, BRCM College of Engineering & Technology, Bahal (Haryana)
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS System: Quantity of matter (constant mass) or region in space (constant volume) chosen for study. Closed system: Can exchange energy but not mass; mass is constant
More informationBoiler Calculations. Helsinki University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering. Sebastian Teir, Antto Kulla
Helsinki University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection Publications Steam Boiler Technology ebook Espoo 2002 Boiler Calculations Sebastian
More informationDE-TOP User s Manual. Version 2.0 Beta
DE-TOP User s Manual Version 2.0 Beta CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1. DE-TOP Overview... 1 1.2. Background information... 2 2. DE-TOP OPERATION... 3 2.1. Graphical interface... 3 2.2. Power plant model...
More informationSAMPLE CHAPTERS UNESCO EOLSS
STEAM TURBINE OPERATIONAL ASPECTS R.A. Chaplin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada Keywords: Steam Turbines, Operation, Supersaturation, Moisture, Back Pressure, Governing
More informationA Review on Power Generation in Thermal Power Plant for Maximum Efficiency
International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering. ISSN 2250-3234 Volume 4, Number 1 (2014), pp. 1-8 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijame.htm A Review on Power Generation
More informationThermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions
Thermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions 1 Examining a Power Plant Consider a power plant. At point 1 the working gas has a temperature of T = 25 C. The pressure is 1bar and the mass flow
More informationHow To Calculate The Performance Of A Refrigerator And Heat Pump
THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 5 HEAT PUMPS AND REFRIGERATION On completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following. Discuss the merits of different refrigerants. Use thermodynamic tables for
More informationUNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE
UNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE Refrigeration Cycle Structure 2. Introduction Objectives 2.2 Vapour Compression Cycle 2.2. Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle 2.2.2 Theoretical Vapour Compression
More informationThermodynamical aspects of the passage to hybrid nuclear power plants
Energy Production and Management in the 21st Century, Vol. 1 273 Thermodynamical aspects of the passage to hybrid nuclear power plants A. Zaryankin, A. Rogalev & I. Komarov Moscow Power Engineering Institute,
More informationCHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Blank
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Blank SONNTAG/BORGNAKKE STUDY PROBLEM 7-1 7.1 A car engine and its fuel consumption A car engine produces 136 hp on the output shaft with a thermal efficiency
More informationGEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT CYCLES AND MAIN COMPONENTS
Presented at Short Course on Geothermal Drilling, Resource Development and Power Plants, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, January -, 0. GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo S.A.
More informationJet Propulsion. Lecture-2. Ujjwal K Saha, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 1
Lecture-2 Prepared under QIP-CD Cell Project Jet Propulsion Ujjwal K Saha, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 1 Simple Gas Turbine Cycle A gas turbine that
More informationStudy of a Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Application in a Cogeneration Power Plant
Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Symposium September 9-10, 2014 Pittsburg, Pennsylvania USA Study of a Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Application in a Cogeneration Power Plant Dr. Leonid Moroz, Dr. Maksym
More informationSheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical quantities that are conserved and two quantities that are not conserved during a process.
Thermo 1 (MEP 261) Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN-978-0-07-352932-5, 2008 Sheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical
More informationME 201 Thermodynamics
ME 0 Thermodynamics Second Law Practice Problems. Ideally, which fluid can do more work: air at 600 psia and 600 F or steam at 600 psia and 600 F The maximum work a substance can do is given by its availablity.
More informationCOGENERATION. This section briefly describes the main features of the cogeneration system or a Combined Heat & Power (CHP) system. 36 Units.
COGENERATION 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 2. TYPES OF COGENERATION SYSTEMS... 2 3. ASSESSMENT OF COGENERATION SYSTEMS... 10 4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY OPPORTUNITIES... 14 5. OPTION CHECKLIST... 16 6. WORKSHEETS... 17
More informationChapter 10: Refrigeration Cycles
Capter 10: efrigeration Cycles Te vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common metod for transferring eat from a low temperature to a ig temperature. Te above figure sows te objectives of refrigerators
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second aw of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics asserts that processes occur in a certain direction and that the energy has quality as well as quantity. The first law places no restriction
More informationStirling heat engine Internal combustion engine (Otto cycle) Diesel engine Steam engine (Rankine cycle) Kitchen Refrigerator
Lecture. Real eat Engines and refrigerators (Ch. ) Stirling heat engine Internal combustion engine (Otto cycle) Diesel engine Steam engine (Rankine cycle) Kitchen Refrigerator Carnot Cycle - is not very
More informationEnergy Efficiency Improvement in Thermal Power Plants
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2, Issue-1, December 2012 Energy Efficiency Improvement in Thermal Power Plants Genesis Murehwa,
More informationPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NGCC AND COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANTS WITH INTEGRATED CCS AND ORC SYSTEMS
ASME ORC 2015 3rd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems 12-14 October 2015, Brussels, Belgium PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NGCC AND COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANTS WITH INTEGRATED CCS AND ORC SYSTEMS Vittorio
More informationTHERMAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENGINES AND REQUIREMENTS
THERMAL TO MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: ENGINES AND REQUIREMENTS Oleg N. Favorsky Russian Academy of Science, Division of Physical-Technical Problems of Energetics, Moscow, Russia Keywords: Power, heat,
More informationAPPLIED THERMODYNAMICS. TUTORIAL No.3 GAS TURBINE POWER CYCLES. Revise gas expansions in turbines. Study the Joule cycle with friction.
APPLIED HERMODYNAMICS UORIAL No. GAS URBINE POWER CYCLES In this tutorial you will do the following. Revise gas expansions in turbines. Revise the Joule cycle. Study the Joule cycle with friction. Extend
More information5. State the function of pulveriser. The pulverisers are the equipments which are used to powdered coal.
413 POWER PLANT ENGINEERING PART-A 1. Define Power. Power is the rate at which energy is used (or) Energy/time. 2. What are the types of fuels? Solid fuel Liquid fuel Gaseous fuel (Any one among the above
More informationMODULE 1. Thermodynamics cycles can be divided into two generation categories :
MODULE 1 1. STEAM POWER PLANT: Two important area of application of thermodynamics are power generation and refrigeration. Both power generation and refrigeration are usually accomplished by a system that
More informationAssessment of Solar-Coal Hybrid Electricity Power Generating Systems 13
Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 6 (2012) 12-19 D DAVID PUBLISHING Assessment of Solar-Coal Hybrid Electricity Power Generating Systems Moses Tunde Oladiran 1, Cheddi Kiravu 1 and Ovid Augustus
More informationLesson. 11 Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems: Performance Aspects And Cycle Modifications. Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1
Lesson Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems: Performance Aspects And Cycle Modifications Version ME, IIT Kharagpur The objectives of this lecture are to discuss. Performance aspects of SSS cycle and
More informationBasics of Steam Generation
Helsinki University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection Publications Steam Boiler Technology ebook Espoo 2002 Basics of Steam Generation Sebastian
More informationSteam Turbine Concepts for the Future Volatile Power Market
Steam Turbine Concepts for the Future Volatile Power Market Power-Gen Europe June 12 14, 2012 Michael Wechsung Thomas Loeper Radim Znajda Siemens AG - Energy Sector Fossil Power Generation Agenda Situation
More informationAbstract. emails: ronderby@earthlink.net, splazzara@aol.com, phone: 860-429-6508, fax: 860-429-4456
SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE Ronald C. Derby, President Samuel P. Lazzara, Chief Technical Officer Cenicom Solar Energy LLC * Abstract TM employs 88 parabolic mirrors (concentrating dishes)
More informationSupercritical Rankine Cycle
Supercritical Rankine Cycle A synopsis of the cycle, it s background, potential applications and engineering challenges. Shane Hough 04/07/09 (ME-517) Abstract The Rankine cycle has been using water to
More informationQUESTIONS THERMODYNAMICS PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR NON-TECHNICAL MAJORS. Thermodynamic Properties
QUESTIONS THERMODYNAMICS PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR NON-TECHNICAL MAJORS Thermodynamic Properties 1. If an object has a weight of 10 lbf on the moon, what would the same object weigh on Jupiter? ft ft -ft g
More informationC. starting positive displacement pumps with the discharge valve closed.
KNOWLEDGE: K1.04 [3.4/3.6] P78 The possibility of water hammer in a liquid system is minimized by... A. maintaining temperature above the saturation temperature. B. starting centrifugal pumps with the
More informationWarm medium, T H T T H T L. s Cold medium, T L
Refrigeration Cycle Heat flows in direction of decreasing temperature, i.e., from ig-temperature to low temperature regions. Te transfer of eat from a low-temperature to ig-temperature requires a refrigerator
More information1. A belt pulley is 3 ft. in diameter and rotates at 250 rpm. The belt which is 5 ins. wide makes an angle of contact of 190 over the pulley.
Sample Questions REVISED FIRST CLASS PARTS A1, A2, AND A3 (NOTE: these questions are intended as representations of the style of questions that may appear on examinations. They are not intended as study
More informationREFRIGERATION (& HEAT PUMPS)
REFRIGERATION (& HEAT PUMPS) Refrigeration is the 'artificial' extraction of heat from a substance in order to lower its temperature to below that of its surroundings Primarily, heat is extracted from
More informationSteam Generation Efficiency Module Blowdown Losses Section
Steam End User Training Steam Generation Efficiency Module Blowdown Losses Section Slide 1 Blowdown Losses Module This section will discuss blowdown loss and its affect on boiler efficiency. [Slide Visual
More informationHYBRID COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
International Conference Nuclear Energy for New Europe 2002 Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, September 9-12, 2002 www.drustvo-js.si/gora2002 HYBRID COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT KÁROLY VESZELY Szmolnyica sétány 14/5,
More informationDevelopment of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine Cycles based on group contribution techniques
ASME Turbo Expo Vancouver, June 6 10 2011 Development of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine ycles based on group contribution techniques Enrico Saverio Barbieri Engineering Department University
More informationCondensers & Evaporator Chapter 5
Condensers & Evaporator Chapter 5 This raises the condenser temperature and the corresponding pressure thereby reducing the COP. Page 134 of 263 Condensers & Evaporator Chapter 5 OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE,
More informationDesign and Test Operation Performance of 1,500 C Class Gas Turbine Combined-Cycle Power Plant:
31 Design and Test Operation Performance of 1,500 C Class Gas Turbine Combined-Cycle Power Plant: Construction of Group 1 of the Tokyo Electric Power Company s Kawasaki Thermal Power Station KIYOSHI KAWAKAMI
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics
Objectives MAE 320 - Chapter 6 The Second Law of Thermodynamics The content and the pictures are from the text book: Çengel, Y. A. and Boles, M. A., Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill,
More informationHow To Power A Power Plant With Waste Heat
Power Generation Siemens Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery with ORC Answers for energy. Table of Contents Requirements of the Future Power Supply without extra Fuel Siemens ORC-Module Typical Applications
More informationDET: Mechanical Engineering Thermofluids (Higher)
DET: Mechanical Engineering Thermofluids (Higher) 6485 Spring 000 HIGHER STILL DET: Mechanical Engineering Thermofluids Higher Support Materials *+,-./ CONTENTS Section : Thermofluids (Higher) Student
More informationHow To Prevent Corrosion In A Steam Electric Power Plant
Keeping corrosion at bay Analysis in ultra-supercritical power plants Corrosion is the natural enemy of steam-electric power plants, eating away at pipes, turbine blades, and rotors. The lack of a separation
More informationHigh Pressure Ammonia Systems New Opportunities
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2010 High Pressure Ammonia Systems New Opportunities Andy Pearson Star Refrigeration
More informationDRAFT. Appendix C.2 - Air Conditioning Thermodynamics 1
Appendix C.2 - Air Conditioning Thermodynamics 1 To aid in discussing the alternative technologies, it is helpful to have a basic description of how air conditioning systems work. Heat normally flows from
More informationTHE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM WOOD AND OTHER SOLID BIOMASS
THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM WOOD AND OTHER SOLID BIOMASS RTP TM /ADVANCED CYCLE VS. COMBUSTION STEAM CYCLES OR WHY NOT SIMPLY COMBUST? For decades, the only commercial option available for the production
More informationTorino Nord. Cogeneration Plant. The gas turbine. The steam generator. The Torino Nord cogeneration plant produces electricity and heat for district
PLANT TORINO NORD Iren Energia is the company in the Iren Group whose core businesses are the production and distribution of electricity, the production and distribution of thermal energy for district
More informationC H A P T E R F I V E GAS TURBINES AND JET ENGINES
169 C H A P T E R F I V E GAS TURBINES AND JET ENGINES 5.1 Introduction History records over a century and a half of interest in and work on the gas turbine. However, the history of the gas turbine as
More informationEfficiency Assessment of Condensing Steam Turbine
Efficiency Assessment of Condensing Steam Turbine DOSA ION, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Transportation University of Petrosani Address Str. Universitatii nr. 20, 332006,
More informationModelling and Simulation of the Freezing Systems and Heat Pumps Using Unisim Design
Modelling and Simulation of the Freezing Systems and Heat Pumps Using Unisim Design C. Patrascioiu Abstract The paper describes the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps domain processes. The main
More informationImproved Modern Control Station for High Pressure Bypass System in Thermal Power Plant
Improved Modern Control Station for High Pressure Bypass System in Thermal Power Plant P.Karthikeyan 1, A.Nagarajan 2, A.Vinothkumar 3 UG Student, Department of EEE, S.A. Engineering College, Chennai,
More informationCOMPARISON CONCERNING TO THE COGENERATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
COMPARISON CONCERNING TO THE COGENERATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Radu-Cristian DINU, Ion MIRCEA, Emilia-Marinela DINU University of Craiova, Faculty of Electrotechnique, Electroputere S.A., Craiova rcdinu@elth.ucv.ro,
More informationAE BIO SOLAR AE BIO SOLAR HYBRID PLANT SOLAR/BIOMASS ADESSO ENERGIA SRL HYBRID PLANT SOLAR/BIOMASS THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ENERGY PRESENTATION
ADESSO ENERGIA SRL AE BIO SOLAR THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ENERGY PRESENTATION Tel.0918887364 14.05.2014 fax 0917480735 Pagina 1 INTRODUCTION Adesso Energia is an innovative startup based in Palermo created
More informationBIOMASS LOOKING FOR EFFICIENT UTILIZATION THE REHEAT CONCEPT. Jaroslav Lahoda Olaf Arndt Walter Hanstein. Siemens Power Generation (PG)
BIOMASS LOOKING FOR EFFICIENT UTILIZATION THE REHEAT CONCEPT Jaroslav Lahoda Olaf Arndt Walter Hanstein Siemens Power Generation (PG) Brno, Czech Republic & Görlitz, Germany BIOMASS LOOKING FOR EFFICIENT
More informationExergy: the quality of energy N. Woudstra
Exergy: the quality of energy N. Woudstra Introduction Characteristic for our society is a massive consumption of goods and energy. Continuation of this way of life in the long term is only possible if
More informationExergy Analysis and Efficiency Improvement of a Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant in Queensland
Chapter 1 Exergy Analysis and Efficiency Improvement of a Coal Fired Thermal Power Plant in Queensland R. Mahamud, M.M.K. Khan, M.G. Rasul and M.G. Leinster Additional information is available at the end
More informationAir-sourced 90 Hot Water Supplying Heat Pump "HEM-90A"
Air-sourced 90 Hot Water Supplying Heat Pump "HEM-90A" Takahiro OUE *1, Kazuto OKADA *1 *1 Refrigeration System & Energy Dept., Compressor Div., Machinery Business Kobe Steel has developed an air-sourced
More informationEnhanced power and heat generation from biomass and municipal waste. Torsten Strand. Siemens Power Generation Industrial Applications
Enhanced power and heat generation from biomass and municipal waste Torsten Strand Siemens Power Generation Industrial Applications Enhanced power and heat generation from biomass and municipal waste Torsten
More informationChapter 4 EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONVERSION
Chapter 4 EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY CONVERSION The National Energy Strategy reflects a National commitment to greater efficiency in every element of energy production and use. Greater energy efficiency can
More informationEFFICIENT ENERGY SUPPLY (ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEAT) FOR THE CITY OF LINZ
Parallel session Producing more with less: Efficiency in Power Generation EFFICIENT ENERGY SUPPLY (ELECTRICITY AND DISTRICT HEAT) FOR THE CITY OF LINZ Johann Gimmelsberger Linz Strom GmbH EFFICIENT ENERGY
More informationThermal Coupling Of Cooling and Heating Systems
This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, February 2011. Copyright 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may not
More informationEnergy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements
Energy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements Stuart Self 1, Marc Rosen 1, and Bale Reddy 1 1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario Abstract
More informationB0401 Abstract 029 Oral Presentation Session B04 Innovative Applications and Designs - Tuesday, July 1, 2008 16:00 h
Reference System for a Power Plant Based on Biomass Gasification and SOFC Richard Toonssen, Nico Woudstra, Adrian H.M. Verkooijen Delft University of Technology Energy Technology, Process & Energy department
More informationCO 2 41.2 MPa (abs) 20 C
comp_02 A CO 2 cartridge is used to propel a small rocket cart. Compressed CO 2, stored at a pressure of 41.2 MPa (abs) and a temperature of 20 C, is expanded through a smoothly contoured converging nozzle
More informationwww.universityquestions.in
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: ME6701-POWER PLANT ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM: III/V UNIT-I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTS 1. What are the processes of rankine cycle?
More informationEvaluation Of Hybrid Air- Cooled Flash/Binary Power Cycle
INL/CON-05-00740 PREPRINT Evaluation Of Hybrid Air- Cooled Flash/Binary Power Cycle Geothermal Resources Council Annual Meeting Greg Mines October 2005 This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication
More informationThe Technology and Business of Power Andrew Valencia, P.E. Lower Colorado River Authority
The Technology and Business of Power Andrew Valencia, P.E. Lower Colorado River Authority 1 2 What is Efficiency? Efficiency: What you get divided by what you pay for Heatrate is a measure of plant efficiency
More informationOptimal operation of simple refrigeration cycles Part I: Degrees of freedom and optimality of sub-cooling
Computers and Chemical Engineering 31 (2007) 712 721 Optimal operation of simple refrigeration cycles Part I: Degrees of freedom and optimality of sub-cooling Jørgen Bauck Jensen, Sigurd Skogestad Department
More informationIndustrial Waste Heat to Power Solutions
GE Power & Water Industrial Waste Heat to Power Solutions Dipti Dash Dipti Dash, Kay Kwok & Fabio Sventurati Presented at: Texas Combined Heat and Power and Waste Heat to Power Annual Conference & Trade
More informationOUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE. TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT 61: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Unit code: D/601/1410 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2 Be able to evaluate
More informationCondensing Economizers Workshop Enbridge Gas, Toronto. MENEX Boiler Plant Heat Recovery Technologies. Prepared by: Jozo Martinovic, M A Sc, P Eng
Condensing Economizers Workshop Enbridge Gas, Toronto MENEX Boiler Plant Heat Recovery Technologies Prepared by: Jozo Martinovic, M A Sc, P Eng MENEX Innovative Solutions May 15, 2008 MENEX INC. 683 Louis
More informationMohan Chandrasekharan #1
International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using R12 and R134a as Refrigerants Mohan Chandrasekharan #1 # Department
More informationORC TURBOGENERATOR TYPE CHP - Organic Rankine Cycle Turbogenerator fed by thermal oil, for the combined production of electric energy and heat -
Doc. : 08C00031_e Date : 10.02.2009 Page : 1 / 9 ORC TURBOGENERATOR TYPE CHP - Organic Rankine Cycle Turbogenerator fed by thermal oil, for the combined production of electric - (Preliminary) Doc. : 08C00031_e
More informationUnit 96: Marine Propulsion Power Plant
Unit 96: Marine Propulsion Power Plant Unit code: R/503/1756 QCF Level: 5 Credit value: 15 Aim This unit provides learners with an understanding of marine propulsion power plant. Learners will also gain
More informationCONTENTS. ZVU Engineering a.s., Member of ZVU Group, WASTE HEAT BOILERS Page 2
WASTE HEAT BOILERS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 3 2 CONCEPTION OF WASTE HEAT BOILERS... 4 2.1 Complex Solution...4 2.2 Kind of Heat Exchange...5 2.3 Heat Recovery Units and Their Usage...5 2.4 Materials
More informationDrying of Woody Biomass. Process Engineering / GEA Barr-Rosin
Drying of Woody Biomass BioPro Expo & Marketplace / Atlanta, GA / March 14-16, 2011 Drying of Woody Biomass Conventional Direct Fired Dryer Technology Proprietary work of the Copyright Owner Issues with
More informationGEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION A PRIMER ON LOW-TEMPERATURE, SMALL-SCALE APPLICATIONS
GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION A PRIMER ON LOW-TEMPERATURE, SMALL-SCALE APPLICATIONS by Kevin Rafferty Geo-Heat Center January 2000 REALITY CHECK Owners of low-temperature geothermal resources are often interested
More informationCOMMERCIAL HVAC CHILLER EQUIPMENT. Air-Cooled Chillers
COMMERCIAL HVAC CHILLER EQUIPMENT Air-Cooled Chillers Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They
More informationLast update: January 2009 Doc.: 08A05203_e
Last update: January 2009 Doc.: 08A05203_e Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) modules ORC is a commercial technology for distributed production of combined heat and power from various energy sources. TURBODEN
More informationOPPORTUNITIES FOR HEAT RATE REDUCTIONS IN EXISTING COAL- FIRED POWER PLANTS: A STRATEGY TO REDUCE CARBON CAPTURE COSTS
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OPPORTUNITIES FOR HEAT RATE REDUCTIONS IN EXISTING COAL- FIRED POWER PLANTS: A STRATEGY TO REDUCE CARBON CAPTURE COSTS by Edward K. Levy, Nenad Sarunac, and Carlos Romero Energy
More informationHYBRID WAY EAF OFF GAS HEAT RECOVERY -ECORECS- MASANARI YAMAZAKI*1, YASUHIRO SATO*2, RYUTARO SEKI*3
HYBRID WAY EAF OFF GAS HEAT RECOVERY -ECORECS- BY MASANARI YAMAZAKI*1, YASUHIRO SATO*2, RYUTARO SEKI*3 SYNOPSIS JP Steel Plantech Co. has developed Hybrid system for EAF off-gas heat recovery, with EAF
More informationPerformance Analysis of Thermal Power Station: Case Study of Egbin Power Station, Nigeria
International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 4, Number 3 (2011), pp. 281-289 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Performance Analysis
More information5.2. Vaporizers - Types and Usage
5.2. Vaporizers - Types and Usage 5.2.1. General Vaporizers are constructed in numerous designs and operated in many modes. Depending upon the service application the design, construction, inspection,
More informationIncreasing Natural Gas Boiler Efficiency by Capturing Waste Energy from Flue Gas
Increasing Natural Gas Boiler Efficiency by Capturing Waste Energy from Flue Gas Mark Schiffhauer, ATSI Engineering Services Cameron Veitch, Combustion and Energy Systems Scott Larsen, New York State Energy
More informationDiesel Cycle Analysis
Engineering Software P.O. Box 1180, Germantown, MD 20875 Phone: (301) 540-3605 FAX: (301) 540-3605 E-Mail: info@engineering-4e.com Web Site: http://www.engineering-4e.com Diesel Cycle Analysis Diesel Cycle
More informationWebpage: www.ijaret.org Volume 3, Issue IV, April 2015 ISSN 2320-6802
Efficiency Assessment and Improvement of at Super Thermal Power Station Vikram Singh Meena 1, Dr. M.P Singh 2 1 M.Tech in Production Engineering, Jagannath University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Vikrammeena134@gmail.com
More informationSTEAM HEATING SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Page 1 of 9 PURPOSE Steam is the most commonly used heating medium for maintaining process temperatures. Compared to other heating media, steam contains a significant amount of heat energy, and this heat
More informationThe final numerical answer given is correct but the math shown does not give that answer.
Note added to Homework set 7: The solution to Problem 16 has an error in it. The specific heat of water is listed as c 1 J/g K but should be c 4.186 J/g K The final numerical answer given is correct but
More informationOROT RABIN POWER STATION UNITS 1-4. 4 x 350 MW
ISRAEL ELECTRIC OROT RABIN POWER STATION UNITS 1-4 4 x 350 MW COAL BOILER CONVERSION TO LOW NO X NATURAL GAS AND COAL FIRING BY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEASURES INSTALLATION Replacing the Burner Management
More informationPOSSIBILITY FOR MECHANICAL VAPOR RE-COMPRESSRION FOR STEAM BASED DRYING PROCESSES
POSSIBILITY FOR MECHANICAL VAPOR RE-COMPRESSRION FOR STEAM BASED DRYING PROCESSES M. Bantle 1, I. Tolstorebrov, T. M. Eikevik 2 1 Department of Energy Efficiency, SINTEF Energy Research, Trondheim, Norway,
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A TWIN SCREW EXPRESSOR AS A THROTTLE VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR WATER-COOLED CHILLERS
DEVELOPMENT OF A TWIN SCREW EXPRESSOR AS A THROTTLE VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR WATER-COOLED CHILLERS J J Brasz, Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, NY, 13221, USA joost.j.brasz@carrier.utc.com I K Smith and N Stosic
More informationChapter 2 P-H Diagram Refrigeration Cycle Analysis & Refrigerant Flow Diagram
Chapter 2 P-H Diagram Refrigeration Cycle Analysis & Refrigerant Flow Diagram Copy Right By: Thomas T.S. Wan 温 到 祥 著 Sept. 3, 2008 All rights reserved Industrial refrigeration system design starts from
More informationMeasurement And Application of Performance Characteristics Of A Free Piston Stirling Cooler
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 00 Measurement And Application of Performance Characteristics Of A Free Piston
More informationHybrid Solar and Fossil Power Generation
ybrid Solar and Fossil ower Generation by Justin Zachary, hd Bechtel ower orporation Frederick, Maryland USA resented at Solar ower International 09 Anaheim, A 8907 10/09 1 Outline oncentrated Solar Thermal
More informationForgotten savings: Heat recovery from surface blowdown
Forgotten savings: Heat recovery from surface blowdown 1. Introduction The purpose of this article is to inform thermal plant operators of the interesting fuel savings that can be obtained by recovering
More information