Modelling and Simulation of the Freezing Systems and Heat Pumps Using Unisim Design
|
|
- Beatrix Walton
- 2 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Modelling and Simulation of the Freezing Systems and Heat Pumps Using Unisim Design C. Patrascioiu Abstract The paper describes the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps domain processes. The main objective of the study is the use of the heat pump in propene propane distillation processes. The modeling and simulation instrument is the Unisim Design simulator. The paper is structured in three parts: An overview of the compressing gases, the modeling and simulation of the freezing systems, and the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps. For each of these systems, there are presented the Unisim Design simulation diagrams, the input output system structure and the numerical results. Future studies will consider modeling and simulation of the propene propane distillation process with heat pump. Keywords Distillation, heat pump, simulation, Unisim Design. I. INTRODUCTION HE pipe transport of the vapours and gases represents an Timportant operation of the chemical plants. This operation has a major influence to investment and operation costs. The vapours transport is made by using the centrifugal compressors. The compressors are dynamic equipment used to increase the flow pressure. The compressors may be manipulated with steam turbines motor, gas turbines motor, gasoline or diesel engines or electric motors. The compressor engine is selected in relation to the compressor speed and inlet flow [1]. The gas compression applications are freezing systems [2] and heat pumps [3]. For the all gas compression applications, in order to realize a gut design and an optimal operation, it is necessary to model and simulate these processes. Many examples of the gas compressing systems modeling and simulation are presented in [4], [5]. The modern modeling and simulation instruments are usually chemical process simulators, respectively HYSYS or Unisim Design, PROII [6]-[10]. The paper presents the research results of modeling and simulating freezing systems and heat pumps using Unisim Design simulator. The target of this research is the integration of the distillation process model with the heat pump model. II. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPRESSING GAS SYSTEMS The gas compression systems in closed lump have four constitutive elements: vaporizer (V), compressor (C), condenser (K) and reducing pressure valve (D). A sample constructive scheme of this compressing system has a form presented in Fig. 1 (a) [2]. Fig. 1 Standard structure of the freezing systems and heat pumps: (a) block scheme; (b) freezing system example The freezing systems have the structure presented in Fig. 1, that displays all the four components. An example of the freezing system is showed in Fig. 1 (b), which is a domestic freezing device. The heat pumps are used to transfer the vapour heat to another flow, characterized by a high temperature, using pressure increasing. Among heat pump applications, there are the distillation processes. A standard structure of this distillation process type is presented in [3]. The use of a heat pump in a distillation process is possible just in the case when the temperature difference between the bottom and the top column is reduced. A basic structure of the propene propane distillation column with heat pump is presented in Fig. 2 [5]. The vapours generated at the top column are compressed, so that the vapour temperature increases to a value greater than the bottom temperature. In this mode, the top column vapour will become the heat agent of the column reboiler. To restore the distillation mechanism, it is necessary that the vapour decompression should be combined with the temperature decreasing. The design of the heat pump must be realized using chemical simulators. The control problems of the freezing systems and heat pumps are divided in two categories. The first category follows the chemical process objectives, and the second category is destined to centrifugal compressor control. III. MODELING OF THE FREEZING SYSTEM A. Standard Freezing System Modelling A standard freezing system is presented in Fig. 3 [7], [12]. The freezing system contains propane, the flow characteristics being presented in Table I and the installation characteristics are shown in Table II. C. Patrascioiu, professor is with the Petroleum - Gas University of Ploiesti, Romania ( 519
2 presented in Table III. By analyzing the simulation results, one may conclude that the freezer system is completely characterized. The imposed condition for the flows 1 and 3, as well as the condenser duty, determines the solution of the freezer system. Because the conditions for the flows 1 and 3 are very hard, the single input variable is the vaporizer duty. Table IV presents the variation of the condenser duty and the propane according to the vaporized duty. Fig. 2 The heat pump distillation column [5] Fig. 3 The modeling of the standard freezing structure TABLE I MATERIAL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS Property Flow 1 Flow 3 Vaporized fraction 0 1 Temperature 50 C -20 C The analysis of the input data indicates that the specifications of the flow 1 and flow 3 are not sufficient, because its flow rate or pressure are missing. This situation imposes that flow rate and pressure must be calculated using material and thermal balance. Details of the programming are presented in [6]. The program modules are defined in the following order: 1) Flow 1 and flow 3; 2) Decompressing valve; 3) Heat exchanger named Heater; 4) Compressor; 5) Condenser named Cooler. After uploading the last module, the mathematical model may be solved and the simulator determines the numerical solution. Thus, the flow rate of propane has the value kmol/h and the pressure and temperature for each flow are TABLE II CHEMICAL UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Chemical Associated variable Unit parameter unit Signification Name Name MU Value Heat Drop pressure kpa 7 Thermal duty Chill Q exchanger Thermal duty kj/h 10 6 Comp Adiabatic Compressor Power % 75 HP efficiency Condenser Thermal duty Cond Q Drop pressure kpa 35 TABLE III STANDARD REFRIGERATION SYSTEM SIMULATION RESULTS Flux Temperature [ºC] Pressure [bar] TABLE IV OUTPUT VARIABLES CALCULATED VERSUS VAPORIZER DUTY Vaporizer duty [10 6 kj/h] Condenser duty [10 6 kj/h] Refrigerator flow rate [kmol/h] The analysis of the numerical results indicates that the condenser duty and propane flowrate are strongly correlated with the vaporizer duty. The variation of the propane flowrate and the compressor power are not desired and, consequently, the freezing structure does not function in variable duty. B. Freezing System Analysis We consider the same freezer structure, Fig. 3. From an industrial point of view, it is necessary to correctly define the input variables. The safety compressor operation imposes that the flows 3 and 4 have to be in vapour steady. In these conditions, the input variables are the following: the output compressor pressure, the condenser thermal duty, the propane flowrate and the open valve percentage. Based on the previous example, the input variable for the second case have the values presented in Table V. In this case, the Unisim simulation diagram has been realized using the specification presented as: 1. Flow 4; 2. Heat exchanger; 3. Valve; 4. Condenser; 520
3 5. Flow 3; 6. Compressor. TABLE V INPUT VARIABLE SPECIFICATIONS Variable Associated to MU Specification Output compressor pressure Flow 4 kpa 1755 Condenser duty Condenser kj/h 1.587x10 6 Freezer flow rate Flow 4 kmol/h Open valve VLV % From a systemic point of view, the freezer system, defined in the second case, can be considered as a multivariable system, Fig. 4. The freezing system has been simulated using the Unisim Design simulator. The numerical results are presented in Table VI. TABLE VI NUMERICAL SIMULATION RESULTS Variable Associated to UM Value Temperature Flow 4 C 50.9 Temperature Flow 1 C 34.7 Drop pressure Valve kpa 1500 Temperature Flow 2 C Vapour/Phase fraction Flow 2 % 37.0 Thermal duty Heat exchanger kj/h 1.207x10 6 Temperature Flow 3 C Compressor power Compressor kw The analysis of the results confirms that the variable selection determines the numerical simulation results. So, there have been registered significant differences for the temperature of the stream Flow 1 (34.7 C/50 C). This difference is generated by the input data specification and, consequently, by the mathematical model imposed by the input data. Fig. 4 Input/output freezer system structure The analysis of the Unisim simulation diagram and the analysis of the mathematical models of the physical processes generate the following conclusions: The output compressor pressure, the algorithm of the valve drop pressure and the propane flowrate generate the pressure profile for the freezing system. The vaporizer duty is calculated using the condition that the flow aspired by the compressor has to be in a vapour phase. Thereby, this approach of the freezing mathematical model is better for modeling in case 1. The obtained results when only the propane flow rate has been modified are presented in Table VII. An increasing flow rate generates the increasing of the compressor power, the decreasing of the vaporizer duty and, most important, the increasing of the Vapor/Phase fraction of flow 2. As a consequence of the last observation, the vaporizer duty decreases and the function of the vaporizer is possible to be replaced (for example, with a direct blending of the flow 2 with another heat flow). TABLE VII RESULTS OF THE FREEZING SYSTEM SIMULATION Propane flowrate [kmol/h] Vaporizer duty [kj/h] x10-6 Compressor power [kw] Vapor/Phase flow 2 [%] IV. MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE THERMAL PUMP A. Distillation Column with Thermal Pump The distillation heat recuperation is not possible because the heat extracted in the condenser is not used by the column reboiler, due to the low temperature of the hot flow. The solution of this problem is to compress the column vapours to a high pressure, in order to ensure a high temperature of this flow [11]. This column type uses a centrifugal compressor that will introduce new elements in the distillation process: aspiration vessel, antidumping control system, protection systems, auxiliary device. The compressor is an important energy user and, in consequence, the consumed power will depend on the difference between bottom and top column temperature. The most important applications of this system are used in ethylene ethane distillation and propylene propane distillation. An example is the industrial distillation column presented in Fig. 4. B. Modelling and Simulation In present, the simulation of the distillation column with a heat pump is very difficult. The heat pump study may be realized using the next simplifying hypothesis: a) The vapours flow of the top column is compressed and divided into two circuits: a circuit is used to column reboiler because the flow has a high temperature, and the second circuit is cooled and condensed in a heat exchanger. b) After the heat exchanger, each circuit has a decompressing valve used to cool and condense the flow. c) The liquid obtained from the two circuits is collected into a reflux vessel associated to the distillation column. After separation of the two phases, the reflux flow is used in the distillation column, the distillate flow represents the product and the vapour flow will be returned in the compressor feed. The process input variables are the following: the output compressor pressure, the column vapours flow rate and the flow rate of the reboiler circuit (circuit number 2). The heat 521
4 pump Unisim diagram simulation is presented in Fig. 5 and the input data are presented in Table VIII. TABLE VIII HEAT PUMP SIMULATION INPUT DATA Variable UM Value Distillation column vapors flowrate kg/h 3.037x10 5 Distillation column pressure kpa 900 Output compressor pressure kpa 1700 Circuit 2 flow rate (column reboiler) % 80 Column reboiler thermal duty kj/h 7x10 7 Heat exchanger heat duty kj/h 1x10 7 Valve 1 / valve 2 drop pressure kpa 50 Reflux vessel distillate flowrate % 6.9 Fig. 5 The thermal pump structure The Unisim simulation diagram is presented in Fig. 6 and the numerical results are presented in Table IX. TABLE IX HEAT PUMP SIMULATION OUTPUT DATA Unit/stream Variable UM Value Output compressor Temperature C 56 Out 1 Temperature C 48 Out 1A Temperature C 46.8 Vapour/phase fraction - 1 Out 2 Temperature C 48 Out 2A Temperature C 46.7 Vapour/phase fraction To reflux vessel Temperature C 46.7 Vapour/phase fraction Reflux vessel vapor Mass flow kg/h 7.859x10 4 Reflux flow Mass flow kg/h 2.096x10 5 Distillate flow Mass flow kg/h 1.553x10 4 Fig.6 Heat pump simulation Unisim diagram 522
5 One of the process modeling is represented by the stream mixing. The Unisim simulator has the MIX module that allows the representation of the mathematical mixing model. In the configuration of the MIX module, it is necessary to select one of two variants of the Automatic Pressure Assignment function: Equalizer all or Set outlet to lowest inlet. The author has studied another variant of the industrial process presented in Fig. 5, respectively the elimination of the MIX module and the configuration of the reflux vessel module with two input streams, Fig. 7. In this mode, the mixing of the out1a and out2a will be realized in the reflux vessel and the pressure and temperature will be calculated using the separator module. The simulation of the Unisim diagram presented in Fig. 7 has generated similar results to the numerical results presented in Table IX. The analysis of the process structure may generate a simplified input/output structure, Fig. 8. Fig. 8 Heat pump input/output structure The input variables of the heat pump are the column vapours flowrate, the compressor pressure and the reboiler duty. From an industrial point of view, the reboiler duty is dependent to out2 flow rate, but the Unisim simulator uses two variables: the flowrate of out2 stream and the duty exchanger (column reboiler). The output variables are vapour/phase fraction of the streams out1 and out2. Finally, the industrial output variables are the reflux vessel vapours flow rate and the Fig. 7 Heat pump simulation Unisim diagram without MIX module reflux flow rate. V. CONCLUSIONS The paper presents the modeling and simulation of the freezing systems and heat pump systems using the Unisim Design simulator. For each system type there have been defined the input and output variables. The numerical simulation has highlighted the steady state process characteristics and the best Unisim simulation diagram of the two processes. In future, the numerical results will enable performing the distillation process on the basis of the heat pump simulation. REFERENCES [1] W. F. Stoecker, Industrial Refrigeration Handbook, McGraw-Hill: New York, [2] M. Bălan, Instalaţii frigorifice teorie şi programe pentru instruire, (Accessed date ) [3] United States Patent, 4,753,667, Jun. 28, [4] N. Uddin, J. T. Gravdahl, A compressor surge control system: combination active surge control system and surge avoidance system, ISUAAAT Scientific Committee with JSASS Publication, [5] R. Taboada, C. I. Ferreira, Compression Resorption Cycles in Distillation Columns, International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, 2008, (Accessed date ) [6] N. Paraschiv, A. Băieşu, G. Stamatescu, Using an Advanced Control Technique for Controlling a Distillation Column, IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, [7] C. Patrascioiu, M Popescu, Sisteme de conducere a proceselor chimice - Aplicatii, MatrixRom, Bucuresti, [8] C. Patrascioiu, M. Popescu, and N. Paraschiv, Specific Problems of Using Unisim Design in the Dynamic Simulation of the Propylene- Propane Distillation Column, Revista de Chimie, Vol. 65, No. 9, pp , [9] G. Bucur, A. Moise, C. Popescu, Simulation of gas dehydratation plants safe operation in chemical industry, Revista de chimie, vol. 66, no. 11,
6 [10] C. Patrascioiu, Cao M. Anh, M. Popescu, Control of Propylene Propane Distillation Process using Unisim Design, Proc. of 19th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing, October 14-16, Cheile Gradistei, Romania, p [11] D. F. Sneider, Heat Integration Complications Heat Pump Troubleshoting, Don Sneider, [12] Honeywell, Process Modelling Using Unisim Design Training, Student Course 4526,
Simple Dew Point Control HYSYS v8.6
Simple Dew Point Control HYSYS v8.6 Steps to set up a simulation in HYSYS v8.6 to model a simple dew point control system consisting of: Gas chiller Flash separator Liquid stabilizer with gas recycle &
A Novel Use of a Computer Simulator to Design an Industrial Refrigeration System
A NOVEL USE OF A COMPUTER SIMULATOR TO DESIGN 117 A Novel Use of a Computer Simulator to Design an Industrial Refrigeration System K. Hing Pang Chemical and Materials Engineering Industrial refrigeration
Energy : ṁ (h i + ½V i 2 ) = ṁ(h e + ½V e 2 ) Due to high T take h from table A.7.1
6.33 In a jet engine a flow of air at 000 K, 00 kpa and 30 m/s enters a nozzle, as shown in Fig. P6.33, where the air exits at 850 K, 90 kpa. What is the exit velocity assuming no heat loss? C.V. nozzle.
Dynamic Models Towards Operator and Engineer Training: Virtual Environment
European Symposium on Computer Arded Aided Process Engineering 15 L. Puigjaner and A. Espuña (Editors) 2005 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Dynamic Models Towards Operator and Engineer Training:
A Novel Use of HYSYS to Design an Industrial Refrigeration System K. Hing Pang California Polytechnic University, Pomona
Session 3613 A Novel Use of HYSYS to Design an Industrial Refrigeration System K. Hing Pang California Polytechnic University, Pomona Introduction Industrial refrigeration systems such as those present
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Graduate Diploma in Petroleum Studies Major in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) INDUCTION Launching ceremony Week 39, 2012 Administration / Plant visit / Fundamentals of LNG and LNG main risks awareness Module
7 90 Water enters the pump of a steam power plant as saturated liquid at 20 kpa at a rate of 45 kg/s and exits at 6 MPa. Neglecting the changes in kin
7 58 An adiabatic pump is to be used to compress saturated liquid water at 10 kpa to a pressure to 15 MPa in a reversible manner. Determine the work input using (a) entropy data from the compressed liquid
Exercise 4 Methanol Synthesis
Exercise 4 Methanol Synthesis In a methanol plant natural gas is reformed into synthesis gas ( and ) which reacts to methanol and is distilled to high purity. This exercise will be limited to the reaction
Chapter 11, Problem 18.
Chapter 11, Problem 18. Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapor at 0.14 MPa and 10 C at a rate of 0.12 kg/s, and it leaves at 0.7 MPa and 50 C. The refrigerant is
Energy Balances and Numerical Methods Design Project. Production of Acrylic Acid
Process Description Energy Balances and Numerical Methods Design Project Production of Acrylic Acid Figure 1 is a preliminary process flow diagram (PFD) for the acrylic acid production process. The raw
Comparative Economic Investigation Options for Liquefied Petroleum Gas Production from Natural Gas Liquids
American Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015; 3(2-1): 55-69 Published online June 29, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajche) doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.s.2015030201.17 ISSN: 2330-8605 (Print);
Production of R-134a
Production of R-134a Background In the 1930 s, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s) were developed as a supposedly safe alternative to ammonia and sulfur dioxide refrigerants. While sulfur dioxide is toxic and
ChE 182 Major #1 Acrylic Acid Process
ChE 182 Major #1 Acrylic Acid Process Background The plant at which you are employed currently manufactures acrylic acid in Unit 300 by the catalytic oxidation of propylene. Plant capacity is on the order
ECONOMICAL OPTION FOR CO 2 / METHANE SEPARATION IN PRODUCED GAS CONTAINING A HIGH CO 2 FRACTION ABSTRACT
ECONOMICAL OPTION FOR CO 2 / METHANE SEPARATION IN PRODUCED GAS CONTAINING A HIGH CO 2 FRACTION F. Patrick Ross, P.E. TPR Consulting 9907 Sagecourt Drive Houston, Texas 77089 (713) 870-9208 pat.ross@att.net
VAPOUR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
VAPOUR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM This case study demonstrates the modeling of a vapour compression refrigeration system using R22 as refrigerant. Both a steady-state and a transient simulation will
SuperSteam User Manual, Version 1.0
SuperSteam User Manual, Version 1.0 By Hazem N. Haddad, Ph.D. Engineering Services & Software Last update: May 9, 2016 SuperSteam User Manual Contents Introduction... 3 Program Input via the Tabular form...
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL GAS CLEANING AND TREATMENT
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL GAS CLEANING AND TREATMENT I / 13 1 Natural Gas Cleaning and Treatment EDL and DBI are able to offer the basic and detail engineering including selection of technology
ENGINEERING COUNCIL CERTIFICATE LEVEL THERMODYNAMIC, FLUID AND PROCESS ENGINEERING C106 TUTORIAL 5 STEAM POWER CYCLES
ENGINEERING COUNCIL CERTIFICATE LEVEL THERMODYNAMIC, FLUID AND PROCESS ENGINEERING C106 TUTORIAL 5 STEAM POWER CYCLES When you have completed this tutorial you should be able to do the following. Explain
DRY MECHANICAL BOOSTERS REPLACE STEAM EJECTOR
DRY MECHANICAL BOOSTERS REPLACE STEAM EJECTOR Steam ejectors find wide use in vacuum pumping applications so called dirty application such as in Vapour extraction, Chemical processing, Evaporative Cooling,
Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System
Chapter 3.4: HVAC & Refrigeration System Part I: Objective type questions and answers 1. One ton of refrigeration (TR) is equal to. a) Kcal/h b) 3.51 kw c) 120oo BTU/h d) all 2. The driving force for refrigeration
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 1 REVISION OF ISENTROPIC EFFICIENCY ADVANCED STEAM CYCLES INTRODUCTION This tutorial is designed for students wishing to extend their knowledge of thermodynamics to a more
Optimization of Natural Gas Processing Plants Including Business Aspects
Page 1 of 12 Optimization of Natural Gas Processing Plants Including Business Aspects KEITH A. BULLIN, Bryan Research & Engineering, Inc., Bryan, Texas KENNETH R. HALL, Texas A&M University, College Station,
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Blank
CHAPTER 7 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Blank SONNTAG/BORGNAKKE STUDY PROBLEM 7-1 7.1 A car engine and its fuel consumption A car engine produces 136 hp on the output shaft with a thermal efficiency
Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin from Ginger-Root Using Supercritical CO 2
Extraction of Ginger Oleoresin from Ginger-Root Using Supercritical CO 2 Background Fairly recent developments in extraction technology have led to the increased use of spice oleoresins as opposed to the
Multiple Pre Flash Design of Crude Fractionation Units
Multiple Pre Flash Design of Crude Fractionation Units Technical Report Submitted to: Dr. Miguel Bagajewicz University of Oklahoma School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering Senior Capstone
Hybrid Modeling and Control of a Power Plant using State Flow Technique with Application
Hybrid Modeling and Control of a Power Plant using State Flow Technique with Application Marwa M. Abdulmoneim 1, Magdy A. S. Aboelela 2, Hassen T. Dorrah 3 1 Master Degree Student, Cairo University, Faculty
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second aw of Thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics asserts that processes occur in a certain direction and that the energy has quality as well as quantity. The first law places no restriction
- Know basic of refrigeration - Able to analyze the efficiency of refrigeration system -
Refrigeration cycle Objectives - Know basic of refrigeration - Able to analyze the efficiency of refrigeration system - contents Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NGCC AND COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANTS WITH INTEGRATED CCS AND ORC SYSTEMS
ASME ORC 2015 3rd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems 12-14 October 2015, Brussels, Belgium PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NGCC AND COAL-FIRED STEAM POWER PLANTS WITH INTEGRATED CCS AND ORC SYSTEMS Vittorio
ENERGY SAVING WORT BOILING SISTEM IN BREWING FACTORY
ENERGY SAVING WORT BOILING SISTEM IN BREWING FACTORY Mariana Geta TOMESCU (cas. Cismarescu) *, Carol CSATLOS** * Faculty of Food and Tourism, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania ** Faculty
ECONOMICAL OPTIONS FOR RECOVERING NGL / LPG AT LNG RECEIVING TERMINALS
ECONOMICAL OPTIONS FOR RECOVERING NGL / LPG AT RECEIVING TERMINALS Presented at the 86 th Annual Convention of the Gas Processors Association March 13, 2007 San Antonio, Texas Kyle T. Cuellar Ortloff Engineers,
OUTCOME 4 STEAM AND GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT. TUTORIAL No. 8 STEAM CYCLES
UNIT 61: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Unit code: D/601/1410 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 4 STEAM AND GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT TUTORIAL No. 8 STEAM CYCLES 4 Understand the operation of steam and gas
Process Integration Prof. Bikash Mohanty Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Process Integration Prof. Bikash Mohanty Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 6 Integration and placement of equipment Lecture - 4 Placement of Heat Engine,
ECH 4224L Unit Operations Lab I Thin Film Evaporator. Introduction. Objective
Introduction In this experiment, you will use thin-film evaporator (TFE) to separate a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (EG). In a TFE a mixture of two fluids runs down a heated inner wall of a cylindrical
Enhancing Process Control Education with the Control Station Training Simulator
Enhancing Process Control Education with the Control Station Training Simulator DOUG COOPER, DANIELLE DOUGHERTY Department of Chemical Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road, Room 204, U-222, University of Connecticut,
Air-sourced 90 Hot Water Supplying Heat Pump "HEM-90A"
Air-sourced 90 Hot Water Supplying Heat Pump "HEM-90A" Takahiro OUE *1, Kazuto OKADA *1 *1 Refrigeration System & Energy Dept., Compressor Div., Machinery Business Kobe Steel has developed an air-sourced
NOTES ON VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION
NOTES ON VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION Introduction The purpose of this lecture is to review some of the background material required to undertake the refrigeration laboratory. The Thermodynamics of
Injecting liquid refrigerant into the offline suction drum; and
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESTARTING A PARALLEL COMPRESSOR STRING BASED ON DYNAMIC SIMULATION Matthew J. Okasinski, Ph.D. Lead Engineer Scott R. Trautmann Lead Engineer Shubhra Bhadra, Ph.D. Principal Research
Development of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine Cycles based on group contribution techniques
ASME Turbo Expo Vancouver, June 6 10 2011 Development of a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine ycles based on group contribution techniques Enrico Saverio Barbieri Engineering Department University
IBP 2778_10 HIGH EFFICIENCY ON CO2 REMOVAL IN NATURAL GAS WITH UCARSOL SOLVENTS Thiago V. Alonso 1. Abstract. 1. Introduction
IBP 2778_10 HIGH EFFICIENCY ON CO2 REMOVAL IN NATURAL GAS WITH UCARSOL SOLVENTS Thiago V. Alonso 1 Copyright 2010, Brazilian Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Institute - IBP This Technical Paper was prepared
Exercise 6. Calculations of the economic potential of fourth level (EP4)
Process System Engineering Prof. Davide Manca Politecnico di Milano Exercise 6 Calculations of the economic potential of fourth level (EP4) Roberto Abbiati Valentina Depetri Defining EP 4 The economic
Wet gas compressor capacity limits
Understanding Centrifugal Compressor Performance in a Connected Process System Scott Golden, Scott A. Fulton and Daryl W. Hanson Process Consulting Services Inc., Houston, Texas Wet gas compressor capacity
Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
MAE 320-Chapter 5 Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes Objectives Develop the conservation of mass principle. Apply the conservation of mass principle to various systems including steady- and unsteady-flow
THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 5 HEAT PUMPS AND REFRIGERATION. On completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following.
THERMODYNAMICS TUTORIAL 5 HEAT PUMPS AND REFRIGERATION On completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following. Discuss the merits of different refrigerants. Use thermodynamic tables for
Appendix I Process Flow Diagram. Jorge Aguerrevere
MEMORANDUM C Squared Consulting Associates 41 Cooper Square New York, NY 10003 Date: November 28, 2011 To: Ms. Sam K. Safobeen From: Jorge Aguerrevere Re: Plant for Separation of Styrene, Ethyl Benzene,
Open Cycle Refrigeration System
Chapter 9 Open Cycle Refrigeration System Copy Right By: Thomas T.S. Wan 温 到 祥 著 Sept. 3, 2008 All rights reserved An open cycle refrigeration system is that the system is without a traditional evaporator.
Energy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements
Energy Analysis and Comparison of Advanced Vapour Compression Heat Pump Arrangements Stuart Self 1, Marc Rosen 1, and Bale Reddy 1 1 University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario Abstract
1. Why are the back work ratios relatively high in gas turbine engines? 2. What 4 processes make up the simple ideal Brayton cycle?
1. Why are the back work ratios relatively high in gas turbine engines? 2. What 4 processes make up the simple ideal Brayton cycle? 3. For fixed maximum and minimum temperatures, what are the effect of
Artificial Neural Networks for Identification and Control of a Lab-Scale Distillation Column using LABVIEW
Artificial Neural Networks for Identification and Control of a Lab-Scale Distillation Column using LABVIEW J. Fernandez de Canete, S. Gonzalez-Perez, and P. del Saz-Orozco Abstract LABVIEW is a graphical
Process simulation and optimization of crude distillation unit to improve energy efficiency
Process simulation and optimization of crude distillation unit to improve energy efficiency ABDUL-AMEER BANDAR 1, and MUSTAFA OUN 2 Oil and Gas Projects Department 1, Operations Department 2 Pro-Knowledge
Liquefaction Process Evaluation for Floating LNG. Maya Kusmaya, Trondheim 2014
Liquefaction Process Evaluation for Floating LNG Maya Kusmaya, Trondheim 2014 Outline Introduction Expander processes for natural gas liquefaction Proposed process schemes for FLNG Basis for process evaluation
Data Realty Colocation Data Center Ignition Park, South Bend, IN. Owner: Data Realty Engineer: ESD Architect: BSA LifeStructures
Data Realty Colocation Data Center Ignition Park, South Bend, IN Owner: Data Realty Engineer: ESD Architect: BSA LifeStructures Project Overview Data Realty is a data center service provider for middle
Thermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions
Thermodynamics - Example Problems Problems and Solutions 1 Examining a Power Plant Consider a power plant. At point 1 the working gas has a temperature of T = 25 C. The pressure is 1bar and the mass flow
Novel Application of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Technology for Waste Heat Recovery from Reheat Furnace Evaporative Cooling System
Novel Application of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Technology for Waste Heat Recovery from Reheat Furnace Evaporative Cooling System Ahmet DURMAZ TMEIC 2060 Cook Drive Salem, VA 24153, USA Tel: 540-283-2000
There is no general classification of thermodynamic cycle. The following types will be discussed as those are included in the course curriculum
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES There is no general classification of thermodynamic cycle. The following types will be discussed as those are included in the course curriculum 1. Gas power cycles a) Carnot cycle
Sheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical quantities that are conserved and two quantities that are not conserved during a process.
Thermo 1 (MEP 261) Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel & Michael A. Boles 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN-978-0-07-352932-5, 2008 Sheet 5:Chapter 5 5 1C Name four physical
M. Tech Student, 2 Research Scholars, 3 Assistant Professor Department of Instrument Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
Design and Development Aspects of Process Instrumentation for a Newly Developed Technology Paruchuri Kavya 1, Varshitha Prakash 2, Dr. M. Ramesh Patnaik 3 1 M. Tech Student, 2 Research Scholars, 3 Assistant
c h i l l e r G l o s s a ry of Te rm s A p p r o a c h Temperature difference between the leaving fluid and the evaporating
c h i l l e r G l o s s a ry of Te rm s A p p r o a c h Temperature difference between the leaving fluid and the evaporating refrigerant ARI Standard Conditions 54 F. water inlet; 44 F. water out; 35 F.
Heat Integration Complicates Heat Pump Troubleshooting
Heat Integration Complicates Heat Pump Troubleshooting by Donald F. Schneider, PE Chemical Engineer Stratus Engineering, Inc. PMB 339 2951 Marina Bay Drive #130 League City, Texas 77573 (281) 335-7138
2B.1 Chilled-Water Return (and Supply) Temperature...119. 2B.3 Cooling-Water Supply Temperature / Flow... 124
Appendix 2B: Chiller Test Results...119 2B.1 Chilled-Water Return (and Supply) Temperature...119 2B.2 Chilled-Water Flow... 122 2B.3 Cooling-Water Supply Temperature / Flow... 124 2B.4 Pressure/Temperature...
Parametric Study of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle Using a Two-Phase Constant Area Ejector
International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering Vol:7, No:, 01 Parametric Study of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle Using a Two-Phase Constant
Construction of separating calorimeter is as shown in figure:
1. Title: Measurement of dryness fraction by Separating Calorimeter, Throttling Calorimeter, Separating and Throttling Calorimeter. 2. Learning objectives: 2.1. Intellectual skills: a) Measurement of Dryness
Start your computer: Rowan University has a license to run HYSYS PLANT version 2.4, which is both a steady state and dynamic simulation program.
Introduction to HYSYS Simulation Bubble Point, Dew Point and Flash Calculations R. P. Hesketh and M. J. Savelski Chemical Engineering, Rowan University (Revised 4/10/2002) In this exercise you will simulate
OPTIMIZING CONDENSER WATER FLOW RATES. W. A. Liegois, P.E. Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa
OPTIMIZING CONDENSER WATER FLOW RATES W. A. Liegois, P.E. Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa T.A. Brown, P.E. Thermal Energy Corporation Houston, Texas ABSTRACT Most chillers are designed for a
UNIT-I. Workdone = HS HR 8.2 = 25 HR. Heat rejected (HR) = 20.8 kw ----
UNIT-I. A heat engine receives heat at the rate of 500 kj/min and gives an output of 8.2 kw. Determine the thermal efficiency and the rate of heat rejection. Given: Heat received by engine (HS) Work output
Introduction to Process Engineering Economics. based on size of major equipment items allow to decide whether to invest in a detailed study
Reliability of estimates Accuracy versus cost Cost structure for building a new plant Typical plant cost evaluation methods Lang's factors Happel's method Chauvel-Guthrie's method Examples and applications
INTEC Engineering GmbH Heating Solutions for the Marine Industry
INTEC Engineering GmbH Heating Solutions for the Marine Industry Thermal Oil Heaters Heating Solutions for the Marine Industry Compared to conventional plants using hot water or steam, thermal oil as a
FINDINGS OF A DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT AT A CHEMICAL PLANT IN SINGAPORE
FINDINGS OF A DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT AT A CHEMICAL PLANT IN SINGAPORE Main Energy Consuming Systems Process chiller system Brine chiller system Process cooling tower water system Air Compressors Boilers
Energy Saving by ESCO (Energy Service Company) Project in Hospital
7th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 2-5 August 2009, Denver, Colorado AIAA 2009-4568 Tracking Number: 171427 Energy Saving by ESCO (Energy Service Company) Project in Hospital Satoru
ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBCOOLING CAPABILITIES OF A THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE IN A VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi ASSESSMENT OF E SUBCOOLING CAPABILITIES OF A ERMOELECTRIC DEVICE IN A VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM R. ROŞCA 1, I. ŢENU 1, P. CÂRLESCU
DE-TOP User s Manual. Version 2.0 Beta
DE-TOP User s Manual Version 2.0 Beta CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION... 1 1.1. DE-TOP Overview... 1 1.2. Background information... 2 2. DE-TOP OPERATION... 3 2.1. Graphical interface... 3 2.2. Power plant model...
STEADY-STATE AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION USING ASPEN PLUS AND ASPEN DYNAMICS
Petroleum & Coal ISSN 1337-7027 Available online at www.vurup.sk/pc Petroleum & Coal 51 (2) 100-109, 2009 STEADY-STATE AND DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION USING ASPEN PLUS AND ASPEN DYNAMICS
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING. Part-B (16Marks questions)
ME 6404 THERMAL ENGINEERING Part-B (16Marks questions) 1. Drive and expression for the air standard efficiency of Otto cycle in terms of volume ratio. (16) 2. Drive an expression for the air standard efficiency
Any Service Technician Can Fix It A Good Service Technician Can Figure Out What s Wrong With It.
I Dave s Statement If the thermostat calls for cooling, and the furnace fan is running properly, and the coil airflow is adequate, and the condenser fan is running properly, and the condenser airflow is
LEAN LNG PLANTS HEAVY ENDS REMOVAL AND OPTIMUM RECOVERY OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FOR REFRIGERANT MAKE-UP
LEAN LNG PLANTS HEAVY ENDS REMOVAL AND OPTIMUM RECOVERY OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS FOR REFRIGERANT MAKE-UP Laurent Brussol Dominique Gadelle Arnaud Valade Process & Technologies Division Technip Paris La Défense
UNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE
UNIT 2 REFRIGERATION CYCLE Refrigeration Cycle Structure 2. Introduction Objectives 2.2 Vapour Compression Cycle 2.2. Simple Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle 2.2.2 Theoretical Vapour Compression
USE OF HEAT INTEGRATED DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY IN CRUDE FRACTIONATION. Executive Summary
USE OF HEAT INTEGRATED DISTILLATION TECHNOLOGY IN CRUDE FRACTIONATION Su Zhu, Stephanie English, and Miguel Bagajewicz School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma,
Chapter 2. Shortcut or approximate calculation methods
Chapter 2 Shortcut or approximate calculation methods MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION Calculation Shortcut or approximate calculation methods Rigorous calculation or plate to plate methods Light key & heavy
1 Overview of applications and system configurations
Content 1 Overview of applications and system configurations... 1 1.1 Solar thermal technology... 1 1.2 General Heating (GH)... 2 1.2.1 Heating of large buildings... 3 1.2.2 District heating and Local
Engineering design experience of an undergraduate thermodynamics course
World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol.10, No.1, 2012 2012 WIETE Engineering design experience of an undergraduate thermodynamics course Hosni I. Abu-Mulaweh & Abdulaziz A. Al-Arfaj
Design Guide. Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues
Design Guide Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are major energy consumers in live performance venues. For this reason,
Federal Wage System Job Grading Standards for Air Conditioning Equipment Operating, 5415. Table of Contents
Federal Wage System Job Grading Standards for Air Conditioning Equipment Operating, 5415 Table of Contents WORK COVERED... 2 WORK NOT COVERED...2 TITLES... 2 GRADE LEVELS... 2 HELPER AND INTERMEDIATE JOBS...
Application of Simulation Models in Operations A Success Story
Application of Simulation Models in Operations A Success Story David Schumann and Gregory Davis, Valero Energy Company, and Piyush Shah, Aspen Technology, Inc. Abstract Process simulation models can offer
Two-seasonal thermal analyzes of systems with a vapor compressor heat pump and horizontal ground heat exchangers
Open Access Journal Journal of Power Technologies 94 (2) (2014) 1 9 journal homepage:papers.itc.pw.edu.pl Two-seasonal thermal analyzes of systems with a vapor compressor heat pump and horizontal ground
First Law Analysis of a Two-stage Ejector-vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle working with R404A
Feiza Memet, Daniela-Elena Mitu ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII EFTIMIE MURGU REŞIŢA ANUL XVIII, NR. 3, 2011, ISSN 1453-7397 First Law Analysis of a Two-stage Ejector-vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle working
GAS TURBINE EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT BY INLET AIR-COOLING IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
GAS TURBINE EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT BY INLET AIR-COOLING IN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SYSTEM Omid Zainali 1* and Saeed Karimi Alavijeh 2 National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC), Assaluyeh, Bushehr, Iran 1* National
Mohan Chandrasekharan #1
International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using R12 and R134a as Refrigerants Mohan Chandrasekharan #1 # Department
Fundamentals of Refrigeration Part 5 Refrigerants
Refrigerants PH Chart Fundamentals of Refrigeration Part 5 Refrigerants This diagram shows a simplified pressure/ enthalpy chart for a non specified refrigerant. The area contained within the envelope
Chapter 6 Energy Equation for a Control Volume
Chapter 6 Energy Equation for a Control Volume Conservation of Mass and the Control Volume Closed systems: The mass of the system remain constant during a process. Control volumes: Mass can cross the boundaries,
Objectives CHAPTER 11 REFRIGERATION CYCLES THE REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS
CHAPTER 11 REFRIGERATION CYCLES Objectives Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps and the measure of their performance. Analyze the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle. Analyze
ASME B31.3 Process Piping. Scope of B31.3 Course
ASME B31.3 Process Piping Charles Becht IV, PhD, PE Don Frikken, PE Instructors BECHT ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC. Introduction -1 Scope of B31.3 Course This course covers piping as typically used in process
A Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures
R2-1 A Comparison of an R22 and an R410A Air Conditioner Operating at High Ambient Temperatures W. Vance Payne and Piotr A. Domanski National Institute of Standards and Technology Building Environment
Chapter 7 Centrifugal Compressors
Chapter 7 Centrifugal Compressors Copy Right By: Thomas T.S. Wan 温到祥著 Sept. 3, 2008 All rights reserved General speaking, multistage centrifugal compressors are used for large industrial refrigeration
Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate change mitigation in Southeast Asia. Cogeneration
Training programme on Energy Efficient technologies for climate change mitigation in Southeast Asia Cogeneration Session Agenda: Cogeneration Introduction Types of steam turbine cogeneration system Types
METHODS FOR PREVENTING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION ON A REFRIGERATOR COOLING SYSTEM.
The Scientific Bulletin of VALAHIA University MATERIALS and MECHANICS Nr. 6 (year 9) 211 METHODS FOR PREVENTING THE ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION ON A REFRIGERATOR COOLING SYSTEM. Togan V.C. 1,2, Ioniţă Gh.
A Demonstration Plant of a Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Unit for Drying Applications
A Demonstration Plant of a Liquid Desiccant Air Conditioning Unit for Drying Applications Mustafa Jaradat, Klaus Vajen, Ulrike Jordan Institut für Thermische Energietechnik, Universität Kassel, 34125 Kassel,
We will try to get familiar with a heat pump, and try to determine its performance coefficient under different circumstances.
C4. Heat Pump I. OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT We will try to get familiar with a heat pump, and try to determine its performance coefficient under different circumstances. II. INTRODUCTION II.1. Thermodynamic
DEVELOPMENT OF A TWIN SCREW EXPRESSOR AS A THROTTLE VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR WATER-COOLED CHILLERS
DEVELOPMENT OF A TWIN SCREW EXPRESSOR AS A THROTTLE VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR WATER-COOLED CHILLERS J J Brasz, Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, NY, 13221, USA joost.j.brasz@carrier.utc.com I K Smith and N Stosic
The chemical process industries (CPI) have made
A CEP Preprint 2012 AIChE Easy Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency Alan P. Rossiter Rossiter & Associates Veerasamy Venkatesan VGA Engineering Consultants Managing the energy consumption of a process does
OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE. TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT 61: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Unit code: D/601/1410 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2 Be able to evaluate