Raising entire male pigs in Spain

Transcription

1 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Miguel A. Higuera Director - Anprogapor Billund November 21 st 2016

2 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

3 ANPROGAPOR has been involved since the beginning of the debate PIGCAS PROJECT - 2/06/2010. First meeting in Brussels. Piglets Castration - (European Declaration Proposal) - 1/09/2010. Pilot Group on alternatives to piglets castration. First meeting - 13/10/2010. Pilot Group on alternatives to piglets castration. Second meeting - 19/11/2010. Pilot Group on alternatives to piglets castration. Third / Final meeting - ANPROGAPOR endorsed Declaration on Alternatives to surgical castration in pigs. - 25/02/2011. European Partnership on pig castration Meeting. - 30/11/2011. Boars Conference /2013/2014. Meetings. Expert Group on alternatives to piglets castration

4 European Declaration on alternatives to surgical castration of pigs 1 January 2012, surgical castration of pigs, if carried out, shall be performed with prolonged analgesia and/or anesthesia with methods mutually recognized. 1 January 2018, surgical castration of pigs should be abandoned. IF: a) Mutually recognized methods for the assessment of boar taint; b) European recognized reference methods for the measurement of each of the compounds responsible for boar taint; c) Rapid detection methods for boar taint at slaughter plants; d) Reduction of boar taint compounds by pig breeding and/or management and feeding; e) The production systems and management of entire males during rearing, transport and at slaughter, to minimize sexual and aggressive behaviors.

5 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

6 Iberian Pig Production Spanish Pig Sector Traditional high quality products Intensive and extensive production High content of fat is required Castration: 100 %

7 Heavy Pigs Production Spanish Pig Sector Dry cured Ham (Jamón Serrano) High content of fat is required Male pigs: 100% castrated

8 Conventional Production Spanish Pig Sector Lean Animals kg Bodyweight Non castration: Entire males

9 Spanish Pig Sector Total slaughter pigs in 2015: Sows: Piglets (< 6 kg) non castrated: Iberico males (castrated): Iberico females: Heavy pig Males (castrated): Heavy pig Females: Entire males (conventional pig male non castrated): Conventional pig female: Total castrated: (10,36%) of which 2,4% are inmunocastrated

10 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

11 Why we don t castrate male pigs Before the 80 s 60% Castration In the 80 s Changes in pork market: Increase of demand for lean products In the 80 s Changes in production: Producers wanted to increase the efficiency

12 Why we don t castrate male pigs Entire males vs. castrated males Lean deposition rate (gr/day) Feed conversion rate (kg/kg) Sourse: R. Camppell

13 Why we don t castrate male pigs Entire males (vs. castrated males) Castration is an unpleasant procedure to the farmer. (We prefer not do it) Castration increase piglet production cost: Labor Prevention / prophylaxis 0,20 /piglet 0,05 /piglet 0,25 % Mortality 0,07 /piglet Weight reduction Increase of cost 0,10 /piglet 0,42 /piglet SIP Consultors

14 Why we don t castrate male pigs Entire males (vs. castrated males). Cont E.M. have a good growth. Al least equivalent to castrates Better feed conversion rate (2,2 vs. 2,9) Better carcass yield ( + 1,5-2 %) Less backfat depth ( - 15 %) Bigger loin area (+ 10 %) E.M. positive environmental effect. Reduce N and P excretion

15 Why we don t castrate male pigs Entire males (vs. castrated males) Gender Weight Increase FCR Kg Feed (Consumption feed Difference ( ) Entire Males 89,36 2, ,84 45,96-4,97 Castrates 93,06 2, ,40 53,21 2,29 Females 84,23 2, ,56 47,16-3,77 Improvac 97,23 2, ,49 50,12 0,00 Gender Kg Sold /pig Gross Margin Net Margin Entire Males 110,21 126,74-4,18-1,18 Castrates 113,95 131,04-7,13-4,13 Females 106,10 122,02-10,10-7,10 Improvac 118,16 135,88 0,00 0,00 Source: Suis 71,2010; J. Fornos & J. Maes

16 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

17 Why we can raise entire male pigs 1. Genetic X LW x LD Pietrain

18 Why we can raise entire male pigs 2. Feed Composition (to reduce boar taint) Entire male pigs: Less voluntary consumption High energy feed Better use of energy (+3 gr of prot./mj/day) Higher osseous mass (+ 4%) Castrate Entire Male Crude Protein 15,750 16,500 Crude Fat 3,530 4,295 Crude Fiber 4,662 4,409 Lys 0,814 0,851 Net E. (Mcal/kg) 2,240 2,300 Digestible E. (Mcal/kg) 3,155 3,210 Price ( /tnn) 255, ,483

19 Why we can raise entire male pigs 3. Gender sorting Small Farm Big Farm

20 Why we can raise entire male pigs 4. Lower density 1 1,2 m 2 per pig (105 kg BW) Reduce social interaction: aggression. Possibility to runaway

21 Why we can raise entire male pigs 5. Ventilation, facilities, air control and bedding: OK! SKATOL!!

22 Why we can raise entire male pigs 6. Other reasons: Reduction as long as possible social interactions (in order to delay the puberty) Control intestinal bacterial flora (probiotics). To reduce production of skatol Slaughter before puberty. < 165 days or < 110 kg bodyweight

23 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

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30 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

31 Entire male pig meat on the market Better meat quality: Less fat content Fatty acids more polyunsaturated = More healthy meat Entire male pig chop Castrate pig chop

32 Entire male pig meat on the market Negative: BOAR TAINT Entire male pig meat: Not for fresh meat. Not for bacon production Not for dry cured products like Jamón Serrano (e.g. less than 12 month in the driers or not enough salt BOAR TAINT RISK

33 Entire male pig meat on the market Other important issues: Slaughterhouse needs one worker more in the line 5 % of carcass from entire males are boar taint positive. Destination: Processed products (principally cooked) Quality Marks: not use entire male meat ( Zero Risk )

34 Raising entire male pigs in Spain Brussels Declaration Spanish Pig Sector Why we don t castrate male pigs Why we can raise entire male pigs Study costs/benefits Entire male pig meat on the market Risks/problems

35 Entire male pig meat on the market Risks / Problems: How many meat from entire male pigs can accept the market / consumers? Are there differences in the sensitiveness of consumers from different regions? Spain is suffering a drop in pork consumption. Is it due to boar taint? The high quality pork products are from castrated pigs. How can we control not-desired (aggressive) behavior of entire male pig in finishers?

36 Thank you very much for your attention The end