Fran Fr k Aherne Alberta Pig Company Canada

Transcription

1 Frank Aherne Alberta Pig Company Canada

2 Maximize milk production to ensure maximum litter growth rate. Limit sow weight loss to ensure optimum postweaning reproductive performance. Keep feed wastage and diet costs low.

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4 She is feeling good Has fresh feed available at all times The feed is palatable and contains appropriate energy and nutrient levels Crate, trough and floor design allows easy and comfortable access to feed Her feet do not hurt

5 Lactating sows are content to use body stores to meet the demand for milk production and they have no ambition to maximize litter growth rate. Therefore, it requires good feed management to coax the sow to maximize feed intake.

6 Average daily feed intake (lb) during each week of a three week lactation (11,700 sows on 30 farms) Week Average Bottom 10% Top 10% Average Dial and Koketsu, 1995

7 Difference between poor and high consuming sows greater during first week of lactation Herd variation in reproductive performance is due to higher sow to sow variation in early lactation feed intake

8 Sow constipation Agalactia Mastitis Milk scours in the litter Sows going off feed later in lactation

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10 Farm Avg. Avg. parity Avg. lact. Length, d WSI, d % sows with dips

11 60% of the sows with dips in lactation feed intake did not return to estrus within 10 days of weaning. Dips in mid-lactation feed intake were not repeatable by the same sows.

12 Ad Libitum Restricted Sem Sows Days to Estrus Pregnancy Rate % Ovulation Rate Embryo Survival University of Alberta, 1990

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15 Slide 14 MY1 19 day development period for eggs through lactation. Feeding levels throughout lactaton will influence the quality of follicular fluid and oocyte maturation. Malachy Young, 15/04/2005

16 Dean (2005) suggests that even one day of low feed intake (<4.5 lb) will increase the odds of removal by 50 %

17 Item Average Replacement rate, % 60 Culling rate, % 50 Death rate, % 7 Average parity removal 3.3 Pigs weaned/lifetime 35

18 Item Restricted Ad libitum Super alimented Feed/day,lb Weight change,lb Backfat change,mm Piglet growth, g/day Wean-estrus,days University of Alberta, 1995

19 Lower percentage of sows return to heat Sows take longer (3-5 days) to return to heat No effect on ovulation rate Reduced pregnancy rate Increased embryo mortality, lower subsequent litter size Increase in sow wastage.

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21 Lactation protein loss Item Low Moderate High Fat loss, mm Protein loss, % No. follicles likely to ovulate Aherne et al., 2001

22 A practical feeding program for lactating sows. Minimum target: 4.0 lb for the sow plus 1 lb for each pig in the litter All cross fostering completed by day 1.

23 Day of farrowing (d0) Day lb 6 lb Day 3-7 Increase feed intake daily to meet minimum target by day 7. Day 8-12 Hold at minimum target level Day 13 to weaning Increase feed intake to sow s appetite. May require increasing number of meals/day.

24 Day of lactation

25 Item Parity 1 sows/thin sows/summer diet Multiparous sows /good condition Protein, % Mcal DE/lb Lysine, % Ca, % P, %

26 Lysine 100 Met +cyst 65 Thr. 71 Try 18 Val 85

27 Modern sows are leaner, grow faster, are bred at an earlier age Are more prolific Have shorter lactations but their appetite has not kept pace with the increased productivity and the consequent need for higher feed intake

28 The major cause of feed intake differences among farms is due to feeding management. Caring, knowledgeable, skilled and experienced stockpersons who are given sufficient time to treat each sow as an individual will do more to increase sow feed intake than any other single factor.

29 Feed intake during gestation Barn temperature Frequency of feeding Level of feeding Water availability

30 High sow feed intake during gestation has only a small negative effect on intake during lactation. It is not feeding level that produces the negative effect, but fatness or the sow. Depending on genotype and perhaps parity, lactation feed intake begins to decline when backfat levels exceed mm ( in) The effect is particularly severe when backfat The effect is particularly severe when backfat levels reach mm ( in)

31 Effects of body composition at farrowing on sow feed intake during lactation (4 wks) Fat Lean Body wt, lb P2 backfat,mm Body protein, lb Avg feed/d, lb Revell et al. 1998

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33 Effect of constant vs fluctuating temperature on feed intake and sow performance Temp., o F 77 const. 77 var. 85 const. 85 var. Feed/day, lb Piglet gain, g/d Diurnal intake % Quiniou et al., 2000

34 Item Drip Control Feed/day, kg Sow Wt Loss, kg Litter Weaning Wt, kg Nichols et al. 1983

35 Sow feed 1 x day 3 x day Feed intake, kg/day 1 st week nd week rd week Sows in estrus % (in 30 days) Days to estrus NCR

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37 Nipple drinker should allow a flow of 0.5 gals per minute.

38 Have sows in proper condition coming into the farrowing barn. Have fresh feed in feeders at all times Feed multiple times/day Don t restrict too severely in first week of lactation