DO NOT, under any circumstances, throw this away! This packet MUST be saved for the final exam.

Transcription

1 Name: Period: Unit 8 Packet Stoichiometry I Packet Contents Sheet (This Page) Unit 8 Objectives More Practice in Writing and Balancing Equations Mole Ratios Worksheet 1: Mole Relationships Worksheet 2: Percent Yield Worksheet 3: Adjusting to Reality- Limiting Reactant (3 pages) Worksheet 4- Samples of Every Kind Unit 8 Study Guide DO NOT, under any circumstances, throw this away! This packet MUST be saved for the final exam. Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 1

2 Unit 8 Stoichiometry I - Learning Goal: Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant. Score Score 4 Comment Scale Without any major errors, students can independently: Students can determine and represent moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield using particle models from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant. Score 3 Without any major errors, students can independently: Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant. Score 2 With one or two major errors, students can independently: Students can understand that moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield can be determined from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to use the limiting reactant. Score 1 With help from the teacher, students can: Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant. Score 0 Even with the teachers help, students show no understanding or ability to: Students can determine moles of mass of a reactant or product and percent yield from a balanced chemical equation and amount of one substance in the reaction. Given quantities of multiple reactants, students will be able to determine and use the limiting reactant. Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 2

3 Name Date Pd Chemistry Unit 8 More practice in writing and balancing equations Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions. 1. Zinc reacts with hydrogen chloride to form zinc chloride. 2. Sodium oxide reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide. 3. Iron metal reacts with water to form Fe 3 O 4 and hydrogen gas. 4. Aluminum bromide reacts with chlorine gas to produce aluminum chloride and liquid bromine. 5. Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) reacts with barium hydroxide to produce barium nitrate and water. 6. Calcium sulfite decomposes when heated to form calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide. 7. Iron reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form iron(ii) sulfate and hydrogen gas. 8. Ammonia (NH 3 ) burns in air to form nitrogen dioxide and water. 9. Carbon disulfide burns in air to form carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 3

4 10. Lead (II) carbonate reacts with nitric acid to form lead (II) nitrate, water and carbon dioxide. 11. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decomposes to produce liquid water and oxygen gas. 12. Magnesium chlorate decomposes to form magnesium chloride and oxygen gas. 13. Sodium sulfide reacts with nickel(ii) nitrate to form nickel sulfide and sodium nitrate. 14. Aluminum, when hot enough, burns in air to form aluminum oxide. 15. Copper(II) oxide, heated in the presence of methane gas (CH 4 ), produces pure copper metal and the gases carbon dioxide and water. 16. Solutions of sodium carbonate and iron(iii) chloride react to form solid iron(iii) carbonate and sodium chloride in solution. Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 4

5 Mole Ratios 1. Lead will react with hydrochloric acid to produce lead (II) chloride and hydrogen gas. How many moles of hydrochloric acid are needed to completely react with 4.0 mole of lead? Equation: Before: Change 2. How many moles of hydrogen gas will be produced if 2.5 moles of calcium hydride react according to the following equation? Before: Change CaH2 + 2 H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2 3. How many moles of water will be produced if 0.45 mol of oxygen reacts according to the following equation? Before: Change 2 C6H O2 12 CO2 + 6 H2O Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 5

6 Name Date Unit 8 Worksheet 1: Mole relationships Pd For each of the problems below: a. Write the balanced chemical equation b. Identify what is given (with units) and what you want to find (with units) c. Use coefficients from balanced equation to determine mole ratio. d. Show set up (organize it!). 1. Hydrogen sulfide gas, which smells like rotten eggs, burns in air to produce sulfur dioxide and water. How many moles of oxygen gas would be needed to completely burn 8 moles of hydrogen sulfide? Equation: H 2 S(g) + O 2 (g) SO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) Before: Change 2. Propane, C3H8, burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water. If 12 moles of carbon dioxide are formed, how many moles of propane were burned? Equation: Before: Change 3. Ammonia, NH3, for fertilizer is made by causing hydrogen and nitrogen to react at high temperature and pressure. How many moles of ammonia can be made from 0.15 moles of nitrogen gas? Equation: Before: Change Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 6

7 4. The poison gas phosgene, COCl2, reacts with water in the lungs to form hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide. How many moles of hydrochloric acid would be formed by moles of phosgene? Equation: Before: Change 5. Iron metal and oxygen combine to form the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. How many moles of iron can be converted to magnetite by 8.80 moles of pure oxygen? (make your BCA table) How many moles of iron oxide would be produced? 6. The recipe for Coca-Cola Classic is a closely guarded secret. Researchers outside the company believe the flavoring mixture, known as 7X, contains oils of orange, lemon, nutmeg, cinnamon, and coriander. The original mixture also contained caffeine, vanilla, caramel, lime juice, sugar or artificial sweetener, and citric acid. Over the years, the recipe has changed. For example, the original recipe contained citric acid but this was combined with phosphoric acid to cut production costs. Corn syrup replaced sugar for the same reason. C8H10N4O2 + 4 H3PO4 + 6 CO2 products + other ingredients C6H5CO2K + other caffeine phosphoric acid potassium benzoate To produce 1000 cans of Coca-Cola Classic, 40g (0.21 moles) of caffeine are reacted with phosphoric acid and other ingredients. How many moles of phosphoric acid are required? How many moles of carbon dioxide are required? Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 7

8 Name Date Stoichiometry Worksheet 2: Percent Yield Pd For each of the problems below: a. Write the balanced chemical equation b. Identify the given (with units) and what you want to find (with units) c. Show set up with units. Check sig figs, give final answer with units and label. 1. Using the Hoffman apparatus for electrolysis, a chemist decomposes 36 g of water into its gaseous elements. How many grams of hydrogen gas should she get (theoretical yield)? Bal. Equation: Before Change 2. Recall that liquid sodium reacts with chlorine gas to produce sodium chloride. You want to produce 581 g of sodium chloride. How many grams of sodium are needed? 3. You eat g of glucose (90 M&Ms). If glucose, C6H12O6, reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water, how many grams of oxygen will you have to breathe in to burn the glucose? 4. Suppose 4.61 g of zinc was allowed to react with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. How much zinc chloride should you get? Suppose that you actually recovered 8.56 g of zinc chloride. What is your percent yield? Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 8

9 5. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide that should be produced in the reaction between 3.74 g of carbon and excess O2. What is the % yield if g of CO2 is recovered? 6. In the reaction between excess K(s) and 4.28 g of O2(g), potassium oxide is formed. What mass would you expect to form (theoretical yield)? If g of K 2 O is actually produced, what is the percent yield? 7. Determine the mass of carbon dioxide one could expect to form (and the percent yield) for the reaction between excess CH 4 and 11.6 g of O2 if 5.38 g of carbon dioxide gas is produced along with some water vapor. 8. Determine the mass of water vapor you would expect to form (and the percent yield) in the reaction between 15.8 g of NH3 and excess oxygen to produce water and nitric oxide (NO). The mass of water actually formed is 21.8 g. Check your answers (1) 4.0 g H2 (2) 228 g Na (3) 192 g O2 (4) 9.61 g Zn, 89.1% (5) g CO2, 82.6% (6) 25.3 g K2O, 68.8% (7) 7.99 CO2, 67.4% (8) 25.1 g H2O, 86.9% Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 9

10 Name Chemistry Unit 8 Worksheet 3: Adjusting to Reality - Limiting Reactant 1. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Balanced Equation: Suppose that 4 molecules of hydrogen gas and 4 molecules of oxygen gas react to form water. Make a drawing that represents the reaction container before and after the reaction. Date Pd Before How many molecules of water can be produced? Which reactant is in excess? Why? How many molecules of excess reactant are there? Construct a Before-Change- Table for this reactant mixture: Bal. Equation: Before: Change: : According to the table you just made, How many molecules of water can be produced? Which reactant is in excess? Why? How many molecules of excess reactant are there? Based on your two methods of analysis above, what determines how much product can be made from a particular reactant mix? Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 10

11 2. Write the equation for the formation of ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. Balanced Equation: Given 6 molecules of nitrogen and 12 molecules of hydrogen, make a drawing that represents the reaction container before and after the reaction. Before How many molecules of ammonia can be produced? Which reactant is in excess? Why? How many molecules of excess reactant are there? Construct a Before-Change- Table for this reactant mixture: Bal. Equation: Before: Change: : According to the table you just made, How many molecules of ammonia can be produced? Which reactant is in excess? Why? How many molecules of excess reactant are there? Describe what you must look for in a particular reactant mixture to decide which reactant will be in excess (have some left over after the reaction): Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 11

12 3. When 0.50 mole of aluminum reacts with 0.72 mole of iodine to form aluminum iodide, how many moles of the excess reactant will remain? How many moles of aluminum iodide will be formed? Bal. Equation: Before: Change: : 4. When sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), water and sodium sulfate are the products. Calculate the mass of sodium sulfate produced when 15.5 g of sodium hydroxide are reacted with 46.7 g of sulfuric acid. [Hint: which unit is used in all stoichiometry reasoning?] 5. A 14.6 g sample of oxygen gas is placed in a sealed container with 2.5 g of hydrogen gas. The mixture is sparked, producing water vapor. Calculate the mass of water formed. Calculate the number of moles of the excess reactant remaining. 6. Neuroscientists believe that the only chemical in chocolate that may have a feel-good effect on the human brain is phenylethylamine (PEA). Although the PEA in chocolate occurs naturally, PEA can be made in the laboratory by the following reaction: CH5NO2 + C8H8O C8H11N + CO2 + H2O ammonium formate acetophenone phenylethylamine (PEA) How much PEA can be made from 75.0g of ammonium formate and 125g of acetophenone? What mass of the excess reactant remains? phenylethylamine g g, 0.34 moles xs g, 9.45g xs Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 12

13 Name Date Pd Chemistry Unit 8 Worksheet 4 Samples of Every Kind of Problem Write a complete solution to each of the problems below. Follow the procedure outlined in class. Be sure to circle your final answer. 1. Calculate the number of moles of potassium chlorate, KClO 3 (s), that must decompose to produce potassium chloride, KCl (s), and 1.8 moles of oxygen gas. 2. In a single displacement reaction, magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. How many moles of hydrochloric acid are needed to completely react with 2.43 g of magnesium? 3. Ethane, C 2 H 6 reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. What mass of oxygen gas is required to react with 2.20 moles of ethane? 4. Determine the mass of sodium nitrate produced when 0.73 g of nickel (II) nitrate reacts with sodium hydroxide according to the following equation: Ni(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH --> Ni(OH)2 + 2 NaNO3 Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 13

14 5. In the copper silver nitrate lab copper metal and silver nitrate solution reacted to produce silver metal and copper(ii) nitrate in solution. A student placed a copper wire with a mass of 2.93 g in the reaction test tube. The silver nitrate solution contained 1.41 g of silver nitrate. He obtained 0.87 g of silver metal. Calculate the percent yield of silver. 6. When hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to sodium hydrogen carbonate, the products are water, aqueous sodium chloride and carbon dioxide gas. What is the per cent yield if 4.68 g of CO 2 are collected when 10.0 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with excess HCl? 7. Phosphorus and bromine react vigorously together to form phosphorus tribromide. If 5.0 g of phosphorus and 35 g of bromine react, how many grams of PBr3 could be produced? 8. Zinc sulfide and oxygen gas react to form zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide. Determine the amount of ZnO that should be produced in a reaction between 46.5 g of ZnS and 13.3 g of oxygen. What is the mass of the xs reactant? moles KClO moles HCl g O g NaNO % % g PBr g ZnO, 19.5g ZnS xs Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 14

15 Name Period Unit 8 Study Guide: Stoichiometry Naming and Formula Writing 1. Write the name or formula for each of the following compounds. AlCl 3 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Mercury (II) bromide Cu 2 S NaNO 3 PCl 3 I 4 O 10 NiP CrBr 3 Sodium nitrite Magnesium hydroxide Carbon trisulfide Chemical Equations 2. Balance the following equations a. N 2 + H 2 NH 3 b. KClO 3 KCl + O 2 c. Aluminum bromide reacts with potassium sulfate to yield potassium bromide and aluminum sulfate. d. Sodium and water form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. e. Silver oxide decomposes to form silver and oxygen. Stoichiometry 3. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form aluminum oxide. a. How many moles of aluminum are needed to form 2.3 moles of aluminum oxide? Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 15

16 b. How many moles of oxygen will react completely with 8.4 moles of aluminum? 4. Calcium chloride reacts with potassium sulfide to produce potassium chloride and calcium sulfide. How many grams of potassium chloride are produced when 50.0 grams of calcium chloride react with xs potassium sulfide? % yield 5. Define actual yield theoretical yield percent yield. 6. In the reaction between excess K(s) and 4.28 g of O2(g), potassium oxide is formed. What mass would you expect to form? If g of K 2 O is actually produced, what is the percent yield? Limiting Reactant 7. Predict the products for the following: Silver nitrate reacts with barium chloride to produce and? Now, write a balanced equation. 8. Using the equation above if 5.0 g of silver nitrate react with 4.0 g of barium chloride how much silver chloride will be produced? What is the limiting reactant? How many grams of excess reagent remains? Modeling Chemistry Unit 8 Packet Page 16