The Geology of the Mesozoic Era
|
|
- Kelly Thornton
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 201 Chapter 23 The Geology of the Mesozoic Era GUIDED STUDY The text chapter should be studied one section at a time. Before you read, preview each section by skimming it, noting headings and boldface items. Then read the appropriate section objectives from the following outline. Keep these objectives in mind and, as you read the chapter section, search for the information that will enable you to meet each objective. Once you have finished a section, write out answers for its objectives. 4. Describe the events that occurred with the breakup of Gondwana during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods. The Divisions of the Mesozoic (pp ) 1. Explain the events that both open and close the Mesozoic Era. 5. What features indicate that Mesozoic climates were both warmer and more stable than in the preceding Paleozoic? A Global Perspective (pp ) 2. Describe the geography of Pangaea at the beginning of the Mesozoic Era. 6. What evidence suggests the occurrence of monsoon climates in northern and southern Pangaea during the Triassic and early Jurassic periods? 3. What happened in the initial stage of breakup of the continent of Pangaea? North America in the Mesozoic (pp ) 7. Describe the tectonic activity that occurred along the eastern margin of North America following the formation of the Appalachian Mountains.
2 Why did the Gulf Coast margin accumulate such a great thickness of sediments during the Mesozoic Era? 9. Describe the events of the Nevadan orogeny. 10. Describe the effects of the Sevier orogeny on the foreland basin sediments of the western margin of North America. 11. Discuss how deformation of the Laramide orogeny differed significantly from that of the thinskinned Sevier tectonics. 12. Describe the depositional environments represented Triassic sedimentary rocks of western North America. CHAPTER REVIEW When you have finished reading the chapter, work through the material that follows to review it. Complete the sentences. As you proceed, evaluate your performance for each section by consulting the answers on pages Do not continue with the next section until you understand each answer. If you need to, review or reread the appropriate section in the textbook before continuing. Introduction (pp ) 1. The Ancestral Puebloans built their dwellings beneath cliffs of exposed in southwestern Colorado. 2. Their structures were placed inside caves and alcoves formed by the of calcite cement in the porous rock cliffs. 3. The greatest change that occurred in North America during the Mesozoic Era was the of Pangaea. 4. North America grew substantially larger in the Mesozoic, primarily because of an abundance of accreting. Divisions of the Mesozoic (pp ) 13. What is the significance of the Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America? 14. What factors caused the Western Interior Seaway to form, and flood the North American continent to its greatest coverage since the Paleozoic? 15. What are the tectonic implications of the Great Valley and Franciscan groups of western California? 5. The beginning of the Mesozoic is defined by a boundary at 248 million years, which marks an abrupt change in the. 6. The end of the Mesozoic is marked by the mass extinction of many animals including, which occurred 66 million years ago. 7. The Period was defined in 1834 from Germany, where three distinct rock formations are found. 8. The Jurassic Period was named from the Jura Mountains of and, where this system was first described in 1799.
3 The last period of the Mesozoic is called the, and was named for the chalk exposures found in France and southern England. A Global Perspective (pp ) 10. At the beginning of the Mesozoic, the continent of stretched from nearly pole to pole. 11. The worldwide ocean called had an eastern indentation called the sea. 12. The breakup of Pangaea occurred in four stages that lasted from the Late Period until the early Era. 13. The first stage in the breakup of Pangaea involved between Laurasia and Gondwana. 14. Faulting and stretching of the crust between eastern North America and Africa produced a series of along the margins of the separating continents. 15. The separation of North and South America allowed seawater to invade the new rift zone, producing the. 16. The second stage of the breakup of Pangaea involved the fragmentation of. 17. The landmass of Africa-South America was separated from the landmass of Antarctica The continent of moved northward and was completely separated from the other land masses throughout the Mesozoic Era. 19. The Ocean was formed between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous periods, by the rifting of South America and. 20. Separation of the two above continents involve the formation of a three-way rift or. 21. The westward movement of South America caused a to form on its western margin. 22. The rotation of Eurasia caused to move away from North America. Northward movement of Africa narrowed the Tethys Sea. 23. The final stage of the breakup of Pangaea involved separation of North America, Greenland, and, and also the separation of Australia from. 24. During the Triassic, free of the Panthalassa Ocean produced deposits in the high latitudes of Antarctica and Australia. 25. The unusually warm climate of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods was caused by carrying warmer waters of the cratons and from the elevated levels of in the atmosphere. 26. Mesozoic climates have been investigated with the use of oxygen isotopes, aeolian sandstones, and the examination of sedimentary structures and. North America in the Mesozoic (pp ) 27. The geology of eastern North America was profoundly affected by rifting form the African continent in the early. The chain of rift basins that formed were eventually filled in by sediments to form the modern. 28. The chain of rift basins that formed were eventually filled in by sediments to form the modern. 29. Erosion of the left a broad region of gentle topography. 30. Rifting between North America and Africa began at the start of the Period. Slivers of African underline the coastal plain of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. 31. Slivers of African underline the coastal plain of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.
4 Normal faulting in the crust of the Appalachian orogen produced down-dropped valleys called and half-grabens. 33. The normal faults that border many of the rift basins were actually and faults formed during Paleozoic plate collisions. 34. Many of the rift basins have been buried underneath the coastal plain, or lie submerged on the. 35. The sedimentary rocks that accumulated in the Mesozoic rift basins of eastern North America are collectively known as the. 36. Sedimentation in the rift basins was temporarily interrupted by volcanic activity early in the Jurassic Period. This activity included basalt flows, shallow, and dikes. 37. Basement rocks of the Atlantic continental shelf were by Mesozoic rifting and by numerous normal faults. 38. The newly formed basins were filled with detrital sediments, overlain by, then by shallow water, and finally detrital sediments shed from the erosion of the Appalachian Mountains. 39. The Gulf Coast of North America formed through a sequence of events in an almost identical fashion to that of the Atlantic margin, except that sediment thickness in the Gulf Coast was far. 40. After the initial deposition of redbeds in the rift between North and South America, thick deposits of formed by evaporation of marine waters that flowed in between the new Pacific and Atlantic oceans. 41. Gulf Coast sediments were supplied from the continental interior, the western end of the Appalachian-Ouachita fold belt, and the rising mountains of the. 42. Cretaceous sediments of the Gulf Coast included shallow water shelf edge reefs made of clams, and deeper water facies containing shales and. 43. Petroleum deposits in the Gulf Coast region were formed as salt squeezed upward, forming many dome-shaped for oil and gas by bending and breaking overlying rock layers. 44. Much of western North America is composed of numerous, which were accreted to the continent at subduction zones. 45. In some places, younger igneous rocks have older accreted terranes, confusing the timing of geologic events. 46. Some terranes have not remained in place where they, but have been displaced along faults. 47. From the end of the Permian into the beginning of the Triassic, the accretion of a volcanic arc terrane that now comprises western Nevada and northern California and subsequent deformation was called the. 48. Although the accretion of Sonomia ended westward-dipping subduction of the North American plate, oceanic crust of the plate was subducted underneath the continent from the Late Triassic onward. 49. The sequence of Mesozoic mountain-building events in western North America is called the orogeny. 50. The formation of a large igneous arc parallel to the coastline of North America from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous time is called the orogeny. 51. The deeply-eroded remnants of this magmatic arc are seen as numerous composed of granite and granodiorite. 52. Compression east of the magmatic belt caused sedimentary rocks to be folded and thrust tens of kilometers eastward. This deformation is called the orogeny. 53. Compression east of the magmatic belt may have been caused by the docking of a series of crustal blocks known as. 54. Vertical and lateral uplift of Precambrian basement rocks, forming broad uplifts, steep-sided folds, and
5 205 deep basins is assigned to a period of deformation called the orogeny. 55. Igneous activity in the Sevier orogeny ended at the end of the Cretaceous, suggesting a change in the process. 56. The North American plate may have overidden the oceanic Farallon plate, thereby causing it to flatten out in a process called. 57. The drag of the underlying ocean plate on the base of the overriding continental plate may have caused it to pile up in blocks that were pushed. 58. Much deposition along the margin of western North America occurred in the that formed inland from the orogenic belt. 59. River channels, floodplains and lakes located on an alluvial plain are the depositional environments characteristic of the of late Triassic age in the Four Corners area. 60. The eolian deposits of the represent sand dunes that migrated across a coastal desert. 61. Braided and meandering stream deposits, as well as intervening floodplain sediments gradually filled the Sundance Sea as a clastic wedge called the. 62. Early to Late Cretaceous worldwide transgression, caused by rapid rates of sea-floor spreading flooded North America with the. 63. Sediments of the were deposited in the forearc basin seaward of the magmatic arc. 64. Sediments of the represent oceanic sediments scraped off the subducted oceanic plates, mixed with slivers of oceanic plates and volcanic arc sediments. PRACTICE TESTS After you thoroughly understand the correct answers of the Chapter Review, answer the following questions and check them with the answers on pages If your answer is incorrect, consult the appropriate pages of the text. Multiple Choice Questions 1. The sandstone cliffs that support the top of Mesa Verde represent a sedimentary environment of: a. coastal sand dunes. b. lowland river floodplains. c. barrier islands. d. alluvial fans. 2. The three periods of the Mesozoic were all defined from exposures in: a. North America. b. Europe. c. Africa. d. Australia. 3. The Wilson cycle that marked the assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea continued to operate during the: a. Cretaceous Period. b. Jurassic Period. c. Triassic Period. d. Permian Period. 4. The polar regions of the supercontinent Pangaea were unusually warm because of: a. oceanic circulation. b. large landmasses over the poles. c. large mountain ranges near the poles. d. large freshwater lakes near the poles. 5. The initial rifting of Pangaea involved separation between North America and: a. Europe. b. Asia. c. South America. d. Africa. 6. The initial Atlantic Ocean was much like today s: a. Gulf of Mexico. b. Red Sea. c. Mediterranean Sea. d. Atlantic Ocean. 7. The Jurassic breakup of Gondwana completely isolated the continent of: a. Antarctica. b. Australia. c. India. d. Africa. 8. The aulacogen occupied by the Niger River Valley of Africa formed during its rifting from a. South America. b. India. c. Australia. d. Antarctica. Circle your answers to the following questions.
6 The final stage of Pangaean breakup involved the rifting from both Europe and North America of : a. Laurentia. b. Laurasia. c. Africa. d. Greenland. 10. The seasonal climate of the Pangaean interior is indicated by: a. coal deposits. b. paleosols. c. subtropical plants. d. chalk deposits. 11. Jurassic rifting in eastern North America ultimately produced a: a. foreland basin. b. forearc basin. c. passive plate margin. d. backarc basin. 12. The sediments of the Newark Supergroup filled: a. the subsiding foreland basin. b. the subsiding backarc basin. c. the subsiding forearc basin. d. the down-dropped rift basins. 13. Igneous activity along the eastern margin of North America erupted into: a. the subsiding foreland basin. b. the subsiding backarc basin. c. the subsiding forearc basin. d. the down-dropped rift basins. 14. A Mesozoic sedimentary deposit unique to the Gulf Coast is: a. salt. c. oil. b. coal. d. gas. 15. The great thickness of Gulf Coast sediments accumulated in the Mesozoic is attributed to: a. rifting. b. subsidence. c. sea level change. d. volcanism. 16. The oil deposits of the Gulf Coast can largely be attributed to traps involving: a. faulting. b. stratigraphic change. c. salt domes. d. compressional deformation. 17. North America s western margin was enlarged by: a. accretion of displaced terranes. b. continental collision. c. rifting. d. sea-floor spreading. 18. The formation of a magmatic arc along the western margin of North America that began in the Late Triassic resulted from : a. rifting of the Farallon plate. b. rifting of the Sonoma plate. c. subduction of the Sonoma plate. d. subduction of the Farallon plate. 19. Activity of the Nevadan orogeny was responsible for the formation of the present-day: a. Cascade Range. b. Sierra Nevada. c. Ouachita Mountains. d. Appalachian Mountains. 20. The cause of the Sevier compressional deformation may be with: a. Sonomia. b. Avalonia. c. Wrangellia. d. Klamathia. 21. The major effects of the Laramide orogeny were seen in: a. thin-skinned thrusts. b. rifting. c. broad uplifts and steep-sided folds. d. intrusions of granite and granodiorite. 22. The major site of deposition at the western margin of North America was the: a. foreland basin. b. forearc basin. c. backarc basin. d. rift basins. 23. The Chinle Group of the Four Corners area represents: a. arid tidal flats. b. a coastal desert. c. a highland region. d. a broad alluvial plain. 24. The Navajo Sandstone of Jurassic age represents: a. arid tidal flats. b. a coastal desert. c. a highland region. d. a broad alluvial plain. 25. The Sundance Sea represents the: a. Absaroka transgression. b. Kaskaskia transgression. c. Zuni transgression. d. Western Interior transgression.
7 The Western Interior Seaway resulted from : a. global warming. b. glacier formation. c. slowed rates of sea-floor spreading. d. accelerated rates of sea-floor spreading. 27. Sediments of the Great Valley Group were deposited in the: a. forearc basin b. foreland basin. c. backarc basin. d. rift basins. True or False Items Write true or false on the line in front of each statement. 1. The sandstones of the Mesa Verde area were deposited 75 million years ago. 2. All three of the Mesozoic periods were defined from outcrops in Germany. 3. The Pangaean supercontinent was surrounded by the Tethys global ocean. 4. The mid-atlantic ridge system had formed in by the Middle of the Jurassic Period. 5. Rifting of North America from Africa caused North and South America to collide. 6. Antarctica and Australia remained together throughout the Mesozoic Era. 7. The northward migration of India was tectonically quiet. 8. Africa separated from Arabia in the Late Cretaceous Period. 9. The northward drift of Pangaea during the early Mesozoic warmed the southern polar regions once covered by glaciers. 10. Fossils from the polar regions of Pangaea indicate a severe climate. 11. Crustal extension that formed the Mesozoic rift basins in eastern North America moved along previously formed thrust and reverse faults. 12. Initial sedimentation in the Gulf of Mexico involved deposition of evaporites. 13. Rapid filling of the Gulf of Mexico rift zone by sediments produced a shallow shelf by Cretaceous time. 14. The Nevadan orogeny included the formation of a magmatic arc parallel to the coastline. 15. The thin-skinned tectonics of the Sevier orogeny were probably a result of collision with the displaced terrane called Sonomia. 16. Broad uplifts, steep-sided faults, and deep basins were formed as a result of the Laramide orogeny. 17. Mesozoic sedimentation on the western margin of North America occurred mainly in the foreland basin inland from the orogenic belt. 18. The Western Interior Seaway was a result of the greatest transgression since the early Paleozoic. Essay Questions Write a brief essay on a separate sheet of paper answering each of the following questions. 1. Describe the breakup of the Pangaean World. 2. Discuss the three phases of the Cordilleran orogeny. 3. Explain the tectonic significance of the Great Valley and Franciscan Groups of California. CHALLENGE TEST Answer these questions the day before an exam as a final check on your understanding of the chapter s terms and concepts. Check your responses with the answers on pages If your answer is incorrect, consult the appropriate pages of the text. Completion Fill in the correct answers. 1. Cretaceous sandstones of the Mesa Verde region represent and depositional environments. 2. The series of collisions between North America and accreted terranes produced vast. 3. The Triassic Period began million years ago, and the Cretaceous Period ended million years ago. 4. The assembly of Pangaea ended the that began in the Late Proterozoic with the breakup of Rodinia. 5. Rifting between Laurasia and Gondwana began in the. 6. Fragmentation of Gondwana began in the Period.
8 The opening of the south Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America occurred between Late Jurassic and time. 8. Sedimentary structures such as and various types of paleosols indicate that Triassic climates in the interior of Pangaea were and seasonal. 9. The eastern edge of North America is called the modern. It was the site of several orogenies during the Paleozoic Era. 10. Thrust and reverses faults that were active in the Allegeheny orogeny were reactivated by forces associated with the rifting of continents. 11. Sediments of the Newark Supergroup occupied Mesozoic in eastern North America. 12. The greater thickness of sediments in the Gulf Coast region of North America was due to the rapid of the shelf following rifting. 13. In western North America, displaced terranes accreted to the continental margin at. 14. The volcanic arc terrane that was added to the western margin of North America between the end of the Permian and the beginning of the Triassic Period was called. 15. The Nevadan orogeny formed a large, parallel to the coastline. 16. In the Laramide orogeny, large blocks of Precambrian rocks were pushed vertically and laterally. 17. The Late Jurassic landscape of western North America contained a low-relief alluvial plain that bordered the. 18. Rocks of the Franciscan Group represent an formed above the trench to the west of the volcanic arc. Multiple-Choice Questions Circle the correct answer. 1. The sandstone cliffs that support the top of Mesa Verde are of : a. Cretaceous age. b. Jurassic age. c. Triassic age. d. Permian age. 2. Which Mesozoic period s upper boundary marked the greatest extinction event of the era? a. Permian. c. Jurassic. b. Triassic. d. Cretaceous. 3. A new Wilson cycle of rifting and drifting began in the: a. Permian Period c. Jurassic Period. b. Triassic Period. d. Cretaceous Period. 4. The large indentation in the eastern region of the Pangaea coastline was occupied by: a. The Mediterranean Sea c. The Tethys Sea. b. The Atlantic Ocean. d. The Black Sea. 5. Late Triassic separation of North America from Africa produced: a. a foreland basin. c. a mountain belt. b. a volcanic arc. d. a line of rift basins. 6. The Gulf of Mexico formed between North and South America as a: a. rift zone. c. foreland basin. b. backarc basin. d. trench. 7. The two Gondwana continents that remained attached throughout the Mesozoic were: a. Africa and South America. b. Antarctica and Australia. c. Africa and India. d. South America and Antarctica. 8. The Tethys Sea was narrowed in the Cretaceous by the northward movement of: a. India. b. Australia. c. Antarctica. d. Africa. 9. Warm climates that existed in the high latitudes of Mesozoic Pangaea are indicated by polar: a. coal beds. b. fossil subtropical plants c. fossil dinosaur remains. d. All of the above.
9 Mountain building ended on the eastern margin of North America with the Pennsylvanian-Permian: a. Sonoma orogeny. b. Nevadan orogeny. c. Allegeheny orogeny. d. Antler orogeny. 11. The actual separation of continental crust between North America and Africa occurred: a. far to the east of the rift basins. b. far to the west of the rift basins. c. right along the rift basins themselves. d. None of the above. 12. The source of sediments shed onto the Gulf Coast shelf was from: a. the western Appalachian-Ouachita fold belt. b. the continental interior. c. the rising western Cordillera. d. All of the above. 13. The accreted terrane of Sonomia includes parts of: a. Montana and Wyoming. b. California and Nevada. c. Oregon and Washington. d. Utah and Idaho. 14. Activity of the Sevier orogeny in western North America was mainly: a. normal faulting. c. thrust faulting. b. volcanism. d. rifting. 15. The cause of Laramide mountain building may be a process called: a. a arid tidal flats. b. a coastal desert. c. a highland region. d. a broad alluvial plain. 16. The Morrison Formation of Late Jurassic age represents: a. arid tidal flats. b. a coastal desert. c. a highland region. d. a broad alluvial plain. 17. Regression during latest Cretaceous time was due in part to: a. rapid deposition from eroding mountains. b. global warming. c. rapid coastal subsidence. d. accelerated sea-floor spreading. 18. Sediments of the Franciscan Group represent deposits of the: a. foreland basin. b. accretionary wedge beyond the volcanic arc. c. backarc basin. d. rift basins. True or False Items Write true or false on the line in front of each statement. 1. The greatest geologic change that North America experienced was the buildup of the supercontinent Pangaea. 2. The Triassic Period was the first of the three Mesozoic periods to be established. 3. The land surface of Pangaea was unusually high because of numerous mountain ranges. 4. Pangaea was not completely assembled until the Late Triassic Period. 5. Rifting began between North America and Africa. 6. Central America was a crustal fragment that remained between North and South America. 7. The Niger River aulacogen formed as Greenland pulled away from North America. 8. Australia finally separated from Antarctica in the early Cenozoic Era. 9. Mesozoic paleotemperatures can be determined from an analysis of the oxygen isotopes contained in fossil shells. 10. Sedimentary structures such as mudcracks indicate an arid climate in the interior of Pangaea throughout the year. 11. Erosion of the Appalachian Mountains by the Jurassic Period had reduced the eastern margin of North America to a broad region with a gentle topography. 12. Mesozoic rift basins in eastern North America formed west of where North America and Africa rifted apart. 13. Salt beds in the Gulf of Mexico contain vast quantities of oil. 14. The Mesozoic mountains of the western margin of North America were formed by continental collisions. 15. The Cordilleran orogeny has been divided into three separate events. 16. The dinosaur-bearing sediments of the Morrison Formation represent coastal deserts and shallow-shelf environments. 17. The late Mesozoic plate margin of western North America is represented by an accretionary wedge, a forearc basin, and a magmatic arc. ANSWERS CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Cretaceous sandstones 2. dissolution 3. breakup 4. terranes 5. fossil biota
10 dinosaurs 7. Triassic 8. France; Switzerland 9. Cretaceous 10. Pangaea 11. Panthalassa; Tethys 12. Triassic; Cenozoic 13. rifting 14. sedimentary basins 15. Gulf of Mexico 16. Gondwana 17. Australia 18. India 19. South Atlantic; Africa 20. aulacogen 21. subduction zone 22. Greenland 23. Europe; Antarctica 24. circulation; coal 25. transgressions;greenhouse gases 26. paleosols 27. Mesozoic 28. passive continental margins 29. Appalachian mountain belt 30. Jurassic 31. terrane 32. grabens 33. thrust; reverse 34. continental shelf 35. Newark Supergroup 36. sills 37. stretched; broken 38. evaporites; carbonates 39. greater 40. salt 41. Cordillera 42. rudists; chalk 43. traps 44. displaced terranes 45. intruded 46. docked; transform 47. Sonoma orogeny 48. Farallon 49. Cordilleran 50. Nevadan 51. batholiths 52. Sevier 53. Wrangellia 54. Laramide 55. subduction 56. buoyant subduction 57. upward 58. foreland basin 59. Chinle Group 60. Navajo Sandstone 61. Morrison Formation 62. western Interior Seaway 63. Great Valley Group 64. Franciscan Group PRACTICE TESTS Multiple-Choice Questions 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. d 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. d 10. b 11. c 12. d 13. d 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. a 18. d 19. b 20. c 21. c 22. a 23. d 24. b 25. c 26. d 27. a True or False Items 1. True. 2. False. Only the Triassic Period was defined from outcrops in Germany. 3. False. Panthalassa was the global ocean surrounding Pangaea. 4. True. 5. False. Rifting between North America and Africa caused separation between North and South America as well. 6. True. 7. False. India moved northward over a hot spot in the Cretaceous, producing tremendous outpourings of basalt. 8. False. Africa separated from Arabia early in the Cenozoic. 9. True. 10. False. Fossils from the polar latitudes of Pangaea indicate a mild climate. 11. True. 12. False. Initial sedimentation in the Gulf of Mexico involved continental redbeds. 13. True. 14. True.
11 False. The displaced terrane involved in the Sevier orogeny was probably Wrangellia. 16. True. 17. True. 18. True. Essay Questions 1. The breakup of the Pangaean world occurred in a series of four stages: a. The initial stage of separation involved rifting between the eastern margin of North America and Africa. The modern Atlantic began as a narrow sea, but by the Middle Jurassic, had developed a midocean ridge system, and each continental edge had become a passive plate margin. The initial rifting also caused North America to pull away from South America, opening the Gulf of Mexico. Fragments of crust between the two continents became parts of Cuba and Central America. b. The second stage of Pangaean fragmentation involved the rifting of Gondwana. Africa and South America split apart from Antarctica and Australia, and India was left to move northward by itself. Mid-ocean ridges to its south, and subduction zones to its north caused India to move towards Asia. As it moved over a hot spot, large volumes of basalts were erupted during the Cretaceous Period. c. The third stage of Pangaean breakup came from the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean between South America and Africa. This separation involved at least one three-way rift, or aulacogen. As South America drifted westward, it experienced a subducted oceanic plate to its west, forming the Andes magmatic arc. d. The final stage of rifting caused separation between North America, Greenland, and Europe. This allowed a further widening of the North Atlantic Ocean. Also, Australia separated from Antarctica, and Arabia separated from Africa. These events occurred during the early Cenozoic Era, and have given the world its modern appearance. 2. Mountain-building events along the western margin of North America during the Mesozoic Era have been described as the Cordilleran orogeny. The collision and accretion of various terranes derived from an eastward-subducting oceanic plate resulted in large-scale intrusions of granite and granodiorite, which caused uplift and eastward-directed thrust faulting. The events of the Nevadan orogeny also produced a foreland basin developed inland from the region of uplift. Intense crustal compression resulting from extensive intrusions cause rocks of the foreland basin to be folded and thrust many miles eastward. The Sevier orogeny is an example of thin-skinned tectonics, where deeper crustal rocks were not invoved in the deformation. Docking of the displaced terrane called Wrangellia also may have played a part. The Laramide orogeny involved uplift and faulting of basement Precambrian rocks into steep-sided folds, deep basins, and broad uplifts. Because of the deep-seated movement involved, a process called buoyant subduction may have caused oceanic crust to pile up underneath the continental crust, resulting in upward pressure and uplift. 3. The sediments deposited on the seaward side of the magmatic arc provide valuable information about Mesozoic tectonics on the western margin of North America. The Great Valley sediments represent over 16, 000 meters of sediments shed into the forearc basin west of the magmatic arc. Farther west, over 7, 000 meters of highly deformed sediments of the Franciscan Group represent a mélange of oceanic sediments scraped off the oceanic plate, slivers of oceanic crust, and volcanic sediments from the magmatic arc to the east. This sediment formed an accretionary wedge above the trench to the west of the magmatic arc. The Late Mesozoic plate margin of the western United States consisted of a trench, accretionary wedge, forearc basin, and magmatic arc closed to shore. CHALLENGE TEST Completion 1. shoreline; barrier islands 2. mountain ranges ; Wilson cycle 5. Late Triassic 6. Jurassic 7. Early Cretaceous 8. mudcracks; dry 9. Atlantic margin 10. extensional 11. rift basins 12. subsidence 13. subduction zones 14. Sonomia 15. igneous arc 16. basement 17. Sundance Sea 18. accretionary wedge Multiple-Choice Questions 1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. b
12 d 9. d 10. c 11. a 12. d 13. b 14. c 15. d 16. d 17. a 18. b True or False Items 1. False. The greatest geologic change to North America in the Mesozoic was the breakup of the supercontinent of Pangaea. 2. False. The Triassic Period was the last of the three Mesozoic time periods to be established. 3. True. 4. False. Pangaea began to rift apart in the Late Triassic Period. 5. True. 6. True. 7 False. The Niger River aulacogen formed as Africa pulled away from South America. 8. True. 9. True. 10. False. Mudcracks indicate a seasonal climate with alternating wet and dry periods. 11. True. 12. True. 13. False. Salt domes of the Gulf Coast trap large quantities of oil and gas contained in other rocks. 14. False. The Mesozoic mountains of the western margin of North America were formed by accretion of displaced terranes at subduction zones. 15. True. 16. False. Dinosaur-bearing sediments of the Morrison Formation represent stream channel and floodplain deposits. 17. True.
How Did These Ocean Features and Continental Margins Form?
298 10.14 INVESTIGATION How Did These Ocean Features and Continental Margins Form? The terrain below contains various features on the seafloor, as well as parts of three continents. Some general observations
More informationES Chapter 10 Review. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Class: Date: ES Chapter 10 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Scientists used the pattern of alternating normal and reversed
More informationGeol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II
Geol 101: Physical Geology PAST EXAM QUESTIONS LECTURE 4: PLATE TECTONICS II 4. Which of the following statements about paleomagnetism at spreading ridges is FALSE? A. there is a clear pattern of paleomagnetic
More informationChapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics -- Multi-format Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
More informationRocks and Plate Tectonics
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Rocks and Plate Tectonics Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral or
More informationTECTONICS ASSESSMENT
Tectonics Assessment / 1 TECTONICS ASSESSMENT 1. Movement along plate boundaries produces A. tides. B. fronts. C. hurricanes. D. earthquakes. 2. Which of the following is TRUE about the movement of continents?
More information1. The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers.
1. The diagram below shows a cross section of sedimentary rock layers. Which statement about the deposition of the sediments best explains why these layers have the curved shape shown? 1) Sediments were
More informationPlate Tectonics Short Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Plate Tectonics Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The existence of coal beds in Antarctica
More informationGeologic History Review
1. The climate that existed in an area during the early Paleozoic Era can best be determined by studying (1) the present climate of the area (2) recorded climate data of the area since 1700 (3) present
More informationGeologic Time Scale Notes
Name: Date: Period: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Notes Essential Question: What is the geologic time scale? Vocabulary: Geology: the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that
More informationContinental Drift. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Proposed that all of the continents were once part of a large supercontinent - Pangaea Based on:
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift Continental Drift Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Proposed that all of the continents were once part of a large supercontinent - Pangaea Based on: Similarities in shorelines
More information6.E.2.2 Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Name: Date: 1. The road shown below was suddenly broken by a natural event. 3. The convergence of two continental plates would produce Which natural event most likely caused the crack in the road? island
More informationUnit 2 Lesson 4 The Geologic Time Scale. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Once Upon a Time How have geologists described the rate of geologic change? Geology is the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth and the processes that shape it. Early geologists
More information4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67)
4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67) Seafloor Spreading In the early 1960s, samples of basaltic ocean crust were dredged up from various locations across the ocean basins. The samples were then analyzed to
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 2 Plate Tectonics. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Puzzling Evidence What evidence suggests that continents move? In the late 1800s, Alfred Wegener proposed his hypothesis of continental drift. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a
More informationPlate Tectonics Practice Questions and Answers Revised August 2007
Plate Tectonics Practice Questions and Answers Revised August 2007 1. Please fill in the missing labels. 2. Please fill in the missing labels. 3. How many large plates form the outer shell of the earth?
More informationPlate Tectonics. Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2
1 Plate Tectonics Earth, 9 th edition Chapter 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... Continental Drift
More informationGEL 113 Historical Geology
GEL 113 Historical Geology COURSE DESCRIPTION: Prerequisites: GEL 111 Corequisites: None This course covers the geological history of the earth and its life forms. Emphasis is placed on the study of rock
More informationPlate Tectonics. Hi, I am Zed and I am going to take you on a trip learning about Plate Tectonics. And I am Buddy Zed s mascot
Plate Tectonics Hi, I am Zed and I am going to take you on a trip learning about Plate Tectonics And I am Buddy Zed s mascot Continental Drift Alfred Wegener proposed that continents were not always where
More informationAlfred Wegener s Theory of Continental Drift Became Modern Plate Tectonics. Wegener in Greenland about 1912. He froze to death there in 1930.
Alfred Wegener s Theory of Continental Drift Became Modern Plate Tectonics Wegener in Greenland about 1912. He froze to death there in 1930. Science is self correcting. The Scientific Method The history
More informationTectonic plates push together at convergent boundaries.
KEY CONCEPT Plates converge or scrape past each other. BEFORE, you learned Plates move apart at divergent boundaries In the oceans, divergent boundaries mark where the sea floor spreads apart On land,
More informationInteractive Plate Tectonics
Interactive Plate Tectonics Directions: Go to the following website and complete the questions below. http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/index.html How do scientists learn about the interior
More informationRegents Questions: Plate Tectonics
Earth Science Regents Questions: Plate Tectonics Name: Date: Period: August 2013 Due Date: 17 Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is (1) less dense and more basaltic (3) more dense and
More informationPlate Tectonics: Big Ideas. Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics. The unifying concept of the Earth sciences.
Plate Tectonics: Big Ideas Our understanding of Earth is continuously refined. Earth s systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences from geological, hydrological, physical, chemical,
More informationContinents join together and split apart.
KEY CONCEPT Continents change position over time. BEFORE, you learned Earth s main layers are the core, the mantle, and the crust The lithosphere and asthenosphere are the topmost layers of Earth The lithosphere
More informationThere are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift There are numerous seams on the surface of the Earth Questions and Topics 1. What are the theories of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift? 2. What is the evidence
More informationPlate Tectonics Web-Quest
Plate Tectonics Web-Quest Part I: Earth s Structure. Use the following link to find these answers: http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html 1. Label the layers of Earth in the diagram
More informationThe Aegean: plate tectonic evolution in Mediterranean
The Aegean: plate tectonic evolution in Mediterranean Written by: Martin Reith Field course Naxos in September 2014, Group B Abstract The Mediterranean Sea, as known today, resulted from various geological
More informationThe Dynamic Crust 2) EVIDENCE FOR CRUSTAL MOVEMENT
The Dynamic Crust 1) Virtually everything you need to know about the interior of the earth can be found on page 10 of your reference tables. Take the time to become familiar with page 10 and everything
More informationPlate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics The unifying concept of the Earth sciences. Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics The unifying concept of the Earth sciences. The outer portion of the Earth is made up of about 20 distinct plates (~ 100 km thick), which move relative to each other This motion is what
More informationPlate Tectonics Chapter 2
Plate Tectonics Chapter 2 Does not include complete lecture notes. Continental drift: An idea before its time Alfred Wegener First proposed his continental drift hypothesis in 1915 Published The Origin
More informationContinental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics
Page 1 of 13 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics This page last updated on 26-Aug-2015 Plate Tectonics is a theory
More informationFROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK. Objectives. Sediments and Sedimentation
FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK Objectives Identify three types of sediments. Explain where and how chemical and biogenic sediments form. Explain three processes that lead to the lithification of sediments.
More informationSECOND GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
SECOND GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SECOND GRADE VOLCANOES WEEK 1. PRE: Investigating the parts of a volcano. LAB: Comparing the parts of a
More informationThe Ice Age By: Sue Peterson
www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (pulses, intermittent, isotopes, chronicle, methane, tectonic plates, volcanism, configurations, land-locked, erratic); concepts (geological evidence and specific
More informationTectonic plates have different boundaries.
KEY CONCEPT Plates move apart. BEFORE, you learned The continents join and break apart The sea floor provides evidence that tectonic plates move The theory of plate tectonics helps explain how the plates
More informationPlate Tectonics. Introduction. Boundaries between crustal plates
Plate Tectonics KEY WORDS: continental drift, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, mid ocean ridge (MOR) system, spreading center, rise, divergent plate boundary, subduction zone, convergent plate boundary,
More information11A Plate Tectonics. What is plate tectonics? Setting up. Materials
11A Plate Tectonics What is plate tectonics? Earth s crust plus the upper mantle forms the lithosphere. Earth s lithosphere is broken in a number of different pieces. How these pieces move and interact
More informationPlate Tectonics: Ridges, Transform Faults and Subduction Zones
Plate Tectonics: Ridges, Transform Faults and Subduction Zones Goals of this exercise: 1. review the major physiographic features of the ocean basins 2. investigate the creation of oceanic crust at mid-ocean
More informationwww.amnh.org Continental Drift is the movement of the Earth s continents in relation to one another.
A Plate Tectonic Puzzle Introduction The Earth s crust is not a solid shell. It is made up of thick, interconnecting pieces called tectonic plates that fit together like a puzzle. They move atop the underlying
More informationDYNAMIC CRUST: Unit 4 Exam Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes
DYNAMIC CRUST: Unit 4 Exam Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which
More informationWhat are the controls for calcium carbonate distribution in marine sediments?
Lecture 14 Marine Sediments (1) The CCD is: (a) the depth at which no carbonate secreting organisms can live (b) the depth at which seawater is supersaturated with respect to calcite (c) the depth at which
More informationStep 2: Learn where the nearest divergent boundaries are located.
What happens when plates diverge? Plates spread apart, or diverge, from each other at divergent boundaries. At these boundaries new ocean crust is added to the Earth s surface and ocean basins are created.
More information7) A clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subrounded gravel is called a A) coal. B) shale. C) breccia.
Please read chapters 10 and 5 CHAPTER 5 Sedimentary Rocks 1) Sedimentary rocks A) form by compaction and cementation of loose sediment. B) are widespread on the continents and ocean floor. C) are common
More informationChapter 18 Introduction to. A f r i c a
Chapter 18 Introduction to A f r i c a Ch. 18:1 Landforms & Resources 1. Africa s shape & landforms are the result of its location in the southern part of the ancient supercontinent of. Pangaea Over thousands
More informationEARTH SYSTEM: HISTORY AND NATURAL VARIABILITY - Vol. IV - Epeiric Seas: A Continental Extension of Shelf Biotas - Harries P.J.
EPEIRIC SEAS: A CONTINENTAL EXTENSION OF SHELF BIOTAS Harries P.J. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA Keywords: Epeiric seas, climate change, sea-level rise, biodiversity, endemism, sediments,
More informationEarth Science Chapter 14 Section 2 Review
Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 14 Section Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three
More informationChapter 2. Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics: Learning Goals
Plate Tectonics Chapter 2 Interactions at depend on the direction of relative plate motion and the type of crust. Which kind of plate boundary is associated with Earthquake activity? A. Divergent Boundary
More informationGeorgia Performance Standards Framework for Science Grade 6. Unit Organizer: Geology: Inside the Earth (Approximate Time: 7 Weeks)
The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are
More informationChapter Overview. Bathymetry. Measuring Bathymetry. Echo Sounding Record. Measuring Bathymetry. CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces
Chapter Overview CHAPTER 3 Marine Provinces The study of bathymetry charts ocean depths and ocean floor topography. Echo sounding and satellites are efficient bathymetric tools. Most ocean floor features
More informationLANDFORMS OF THE EARTH STD VIII
LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH STD VIII 1) What do you understand by the term geomorphology? A) Geomorphology is the systematic study of the Earth s relief features. Geo means earth; morph meaning form and ology
More informationInvestigation 6: What happens when plates collide?
Tectonics Investigation 6: Teacher Guide Investigation 6: What happens when plates collide? In this activity, students will use the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes in a Web GIS to learn about
More informationIgneous rocks formed when hot molten material (magma) cools and hardens (crystallizes).
Objectives You will learn about how the land of North Dakota was formed. Introduction North Dakota is a wonderful place to live. Have you ever though about how it was formed? To answer that question, you
More informationDeserts, Wind Erosion and Deposition
Deserts, Wind Erosion and Deposition By definition, a desert has less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation per year. Deserts occur at 30 o and 60 o in regions of descending air. Deserts can be hot or cold.
More informationPlate tectonics states that the Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates.
Notes on Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics states that the Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections, called plates. These plates move around the mantle. Plates are composed of the crust and
More informationSession No. 184. Tuesday, 3 November 2015: 8:00 AM- 12:00 PM.
FROM NEOPROTEROZOIC PRE-CURSOR CLAMS TO THE KLAMATHS: DOCUMENTING THE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE EASTERN KLAMATH TERRANES, AN EDUCATION OUTREACH MODEL ROBERTI, Gina M.1, ROTH, John2 and LEDFORD,
More informationWEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION PRACTICE TEST. Which graph best shows the relative stream velocities across the stream from A to B?
NAME DATE WEATHERING, EROSION, AND DEPOSITION PRACTICE TEST 1. The diagram below shows a meandering stream. Measurements of stream velocity were taken along straight line AB. Which graph best shows the
More informationThe rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks?
The rock cycle This Revision looks at the three types of rock: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. It looks at how they are formed, the weathering of rocks and the way one form of rock turns into another,
More informationAll sediments have a source or provenance, a place or number of places of origin where they were produced.
Sedimentary Rocks, Processes, and Environments Sediments are loose grains and chemical residues of earth materials, which include things such as rock fragments, mineral grains, part of plants or animals,
More informationChesapeake Bay Governor School for Marine and Environmental Science
Choose the best answer and write on the answer sheet provided. 1. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming? (a) Loss of fertile delta regions for agriculture (b) Change
More informationName Score /225. (Make sure you identify each key concept by identifying the section [1.1, 1.2, etc.].]
Name Score /225 Changing Earth Chapter 1 Worksheet Before reading Chapter 1 (pages 9 37). On a separate sheet of paper, make two columns. Title the first column Before I Read. Title the second column After
More informationEarthquakes and Plate Boundaries Deborah Jordan and Samuel Spiegel
Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries Deborah Jordan and Samuel Spiegel Jordan, Deborah and Spiegel, Samuel: Learning Research Development Center, University of Pittsburgh. Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries.
More informationUnit 5: Formation of the Earth
Unit 5: Formation of the Earth Objectives: E5.3B - Explain the process of radioactive decay and explain how radioactive elements are used to date the rocks that contain them. E5.3C - Relate major events
More informationThe Geology of the Marginal Way, Ogunquit, Maine
Geologic Site of the Month February, 2002 The Geology of the Marginal Way, Ogunquit, Maine 43 14 23.88 N, 70 35 18.36 W Text by Arthur M. Hussey II, Bowdoin College and Robert G. Marvinney,, Department
More informationFoundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011)
EAS 100 Study Guide to Textbook Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 6 th edition, 2011) STUDY GUIDE 8/2010 The textbook for EAS 100, Foundations of Earth Science, by Lutgens and Tarbuck
More informationFoundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 5 th edition, 2008)
EAS 100 Study Guide to Textbook Foundations of Earth Science (Lutgens and Tarbuck, 5 th edition, 2008) STUDY GUIDE 1/08 The textbook for EAS 100, Foundations of Earth Science, by Lutgens and Tarbuck is
More informationUnit Plan: Plate Tectonics Shannon B. Carpenter TE 804 1/25/02
Unit Plan: Plate Tectonics Shannon B. Carpenter TE 804 1/25/02 This unit plan is intended to cover about seven weeks and would be appropriate for a middle school general science class or an introductory
More informationRocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate
1. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most 1) minerals weather before they can be identified 2) minerals have
More informationUsing Google Earth to Explore Plate Tectonics
Using Google Earth to Explore Plate Tectonics Laurel Goodell, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 laurel@princeton.edu Inspired by, and borrows from, the GIS-based Exploring
More informationPlate Tectonics Lab. Continental Drift. The Birth of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Lab Continental Drift Take a look at a globe sometime and observe the remarkable fit between South America and Africa. Could they have, in fact, been connected? During the 19th and early
More informationPlate Tectonics Lab Assignment
Plate Tectonics Lab Assignment After reading the introduction to the Plate Tectonics exercises in the lab manual, complete the questions on a hard copy of this Lab Assignment. When finished, transfer your
More information89.215 - FORENSIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGIC TIME AND GEOLOGIC MAPS
NAME 89.215 - FORENSIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGIC TIME AND GEOLOGIC MAPS I. Introduction There are two types of geologic time, relative and absolute. In the case of relative time geologic events are arranged in
More informationThe Fossil Record and Geologic Time Scale
Two Conceptions of Earth History: Catastrophism Assumption: Great Effects Require Great Causes Earth History Dominated by Violent Events Uniformitarianism Assumption: We Can Use Cause And Effect to Determine
More informationWeathering, Erosion, and Soils. Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion
Weathering, Erosion, and Soils 1 The Grand Canyon, a landscape shaped by weathering and erosion 2 Weathering vs. erosion Types of weathering Physical Chemical Rates of weathering and erosion Climate Rock
More informationInstituto Superior Técnico
Instituto Superior Técnico Master Degree in Petroleum Engineering Brazil s Pre-Salt Oil & Gas Exploration (Santos and Campos sedimentary basins) Petroleum Engineering Seminars Presentation by: André Pereira
More informationSedimentary Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised September 2007
Sedimentary Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised September 2007 1. Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of and derived from pre-existing material. 2. What is physical weathering? 3. What is chemical
More informationEarth Science Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion Reading Comprehension. Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion
Reading Comprehension Name 1 How many people have been to the Rocky Mountains or the Grand Canyon? When people go to visit these natural wonders, they may not realize that it took millions of years for
More informationTransform Boundaries
Lecture 7 Plates and Mantle Plumes Transform Boundaries Transform boundaries occur where one segment of rigid lithosphere slides horizontally past another in response to stresses in the lithosphere. The
More informationPLATE TECTONICS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information
PLATE TECTONICS Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information Lesson 1 - Evidence of Plate Tectonics Lesson 2 - Plotting Earthquakes and Volcanoes Lesson 3 - Case History
More informationWhat Causes Climate? Use Target Reading Skills
Climate and Climate Change Name Date Class Climate and Climate Change Guided Reading and Study What Causes Climate? This section describes factors that determine climate, or the average weather conditions
More informationFourth Grade Geology: The Earth and Its Changes Assessment
Fourth Grade Geology: The Earth and Its Changes Assessment 1a. What is the center layer of the Earth called? a. crust b. core c. mantle d. middle 1b. Label each layer of the Earth. 1c. What are the Earth
More informationTHE GLACIAL HISTORY OF LONG ISLAND
THE GLACIAL HISTORY OF LONG ISLAND I. PRE-GLACIAL GEOLOGIC HISTORY A. Late Paleozoic Era 1. As Pangaea neared completion, an elongated embayment formed where the Narragansett Bay lowland now lies. 2. This
More informationChapter 16: Plate Tectonics
Chapter 16: Plate Tectonics Chapter Summary In the early 1900s Alfred Wegener set forth the continental drift hypothesis. One of its major tenets was that a supercontinent called Pangaea began breaking
More informationChapter 9: Earth s Past
Chapter 9: Earth s Past Vocabulary 1. Geologic column 2. Era 3. Period 4. Epoch 5. Evolution 6. Precambrian time 7. Paleozoic era 8. Shield 9. Stromatolite 10. Invertebrate 11. Trilobite 12. Index fossil
More informationGEOL 104 Dinosaurs: A Natural History Geology Assignment. DUE: Mon. Sept. 18
GEOL 104 Dinosaurs: A Natural History Geology Assignment DUE: Mon. Sept. 18 Part I: Environments of Deposition Geologists can use various clues in sedimentary rocks to interpret their environment of deposition:
More informationTeaching the Dynamic Earth Plate Tectonics Interactive Master sheets
Teaching the Dynamic Earth Plate Tectonics Interactive Master sheets Contents Page Master Sheets for continental jigsaws Gondwanaland continents (blank outlines)...2 Four continents, showing gaps and overlap
More informationChapter 5 - Sediments
Chapter 5 - Sediments Distribution of sediments on the sea floor Seabed Resources Study of Sediments is important to oceanography because: 1. Sediments and volcanism are the most important agents of physical
More informationRide the Rock Cycle. Suggested Goals: Students will gain an understanding of how a rock can move through the different stages of the rock cycle.
Illinois State Museum Geology Online http://geologyonline.museum.state.il.us Ride the Rock Cycle Grade Level: 5 6 Purpose: To teach students that the rock cycle, like the water cycle, has various stages
More informationSIXTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
SIXTH GRADE PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SIXTH GRADE VOLCANOES WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing the structure of different types of volcanoes. LAB: Plotting
More informationPlate Tectonics. Learning Guide. Pacific Plate. Pacific Ocean. Divergent boundaries
Plate Tectonics Learning Guide North American Plate Eurasian Plate Arabian Plate Pacific Plate Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Cocos Plate Nazca Plate South American Plate African Plate Convergent boundary
More informationInvestigations into the Oil & Gas Resource Potential of North Carolina Onshore Lands and State Waters (abridged presentation)
Investigations into the Oil & Gas Resource Potential of North Carolina Onshore Lands and State Waters (abridged presentation) James L Coleman U. S. Geological Survey Eastern Energy Resources Science Center
More informationUnit 6 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Unit 6 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Essential Questions What evidence can students observe that the Earth is changing? How do scientists know what s inside the Earth? What processes
More informationHot Spots & Plate Tectonics
Hot Spots & Plate Tectonics Activity I: Hawaiian Islands Procedures: Use the map and the following information to determine the rate of motion of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian hot spot. The volcano
More informationHow Do Oceans Affect Weather and Climate?
How Do Oceans Affect Weather and Climate? In Learning Set 2, you explored how water heats up more slowly than land and also cools off more slowly than land. Weather is caused by events in the atmosphere.
More informationOcean Floor Continental Slope Begins at the Continental Shelf Very sharp drop to depths over 2 miles Covered with thick layers of sand, mud, and rocks
Ocean Floor Continental Shelf Begins at the shoreline Gently slopes underwater Average depth of 430 feet Thick layers of sand, mud, and rocks The beach is part of the Continental Shelf Ocean Floor Continental
More informationCHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
CHAPTER 6 THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages in the development of a terrestrial planet? 2. That Earth, evidence that Earth differentiated.
More informationWEATHERING, EROSION, and DEPOSITION REVIEW
WEATHERING, EROSION, and DEPOSITION REVIEW Weathering: The breaking up of rock from large particles to smaller particles. a) This Increases surface area of the rock which speeds the rate of chemical weathering.
More informationCollege of Science and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & GEOGRAPHY Course Outline
College of Science and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & GEOGRAPHY Course Outline 1. TITLE OF COURSE AND COURSE NUMBER: General Geology ENV 115, 4 credits 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE: Includes the study
More information1. You are about to begin a unit on geology. Can anyone tell me what geology is? The study of the physical earth I.
PLATE TECTONICS ACTIVITY The purpose of this lab is to introduce the concept of plate tectonics and the formation of mountains. Students will discuss the properties of the earth s crust and plate tectonics.
More informationThe concepts developed in this standard include the following: Oceans cover about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
Name Date Grade 5 SOL 5.6 Review Oceans Made by SOLpass - www.solpass.org solpass100@comcast.net Reproduction is permitted for SOLpass subscribers only. The concepts developed in this standard include
More information