Quote, Unquote short guide: Harvard style of citing and referencing

Transcription

1 Quote, Unquote short guide: Harvard style of citing and referencing If you would like this document in an alternative format please ask staff for help. On request we can provide documents with a different size and style of font on a variety of coloured paper. Electronic versions can also be supplied. Introduction Quote, Unquote contains detailed information and advice about using the Harvard style of referencing at Leeds Metropolitan University (for details see the Further help section on p.5). This short guide focuses on examples. During your studies you will need to show your knowledge of other people s work or ideas. These may be obtained from many types of sources such as: books, journal s, websites etc. However, it is important that you do not pass off other people s work as your own. If you do, it is regarded as plagiarism or cheating. When you use (quote, paraphrase or summarise) information from any source, you must both cite and reference it to: acknowledge the work of other writers and researchers refer to established experts to give your work authority enable your tutor or others to trace your sources easily avoid accusations of plagiarism. There are a number of referencing systems in use, but at Leeds Metropolitan we recommend the author-date or Harvard style. Note: There are variations in referencing practice across different subjects and courses. Check course documentation or any guidance you are given. There are two stages to referencing sources for a piece of academic work using the Harvard system. 1) Refer to the source in your text (the citation). 2) Give full details of the source in your bibliography or list of references at the end of your work (the reference). Copyright 2013 The Library Leeds Metropolitan University Screenshots reproduced with the permission of the software provider

2 Citing within your text The author-date or Harvard system of referencing does not require any numbering or footnotes on each page. In most cases, you simply insert the author s name and the date of publication in brackets. Quotations or specific information also require page numbers. This is called the citation. It acts as a signpost to your reader who can then locate the full reference, describing the source you have cited, in the alphabetical list of references or bibliography at the end of your document. Workers in teams tend to adopt particular roles (Belbin, 1996). Author is a company or organisation (corporate author) An organisation such as a company, university or government department can be the author of a publication. Just cite them in your text as you would a person. One or two authors of the same work Give the names of the authors, connected with the word and or an ampersand sign ( & ), and the year of publication. Shields and Taylor (2004) discuss the various uses of the apostrophe. Or This manual attempted a definitive ruling on the uses of the apostrophe (Shields and Taylor, 2004). Three or more authors of the same work In the case of three or more authors, the first author (from the title page) is followed by and others or et al. Johnson and others (2008) highlighted some potential problems with user generated content. If there is no author If you can t establish the author(s) of a work, use the title instead. It has been stated that the disease occurs more frequently in men (Preventing coronary heart disease, 2003). 2 libraryonline.leedsmet.ac.uk

3 Secondary referencing (Source is cited within another source) For sources that you have not actually seen but which are referred to in another work, cite both the original source and the secondary source where you read it. Smith (2004, quoted in Jones, 2007, p.63) provides a useful viewpoint on different research philosophies when he tells us that, Whichever philosophical position is taken, it is crucial to have a good understanding of our own assumptions and prejudices. Quotations If you are directly quoting the author s own words in your writing you should enclose these in quotation marks and give the author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from, in brackets. For example: The results of research should benefit society either directly or by generally improving human knowledge and understanding (Leeds Metropolitan University, 2006, p.5). There is a need to create stopping off places in the learning process or what Kornbluh and Green refer to as professional encapsulations (1989, p.78). Examples of references for different types of sources This list shows how a bibliography or list of references is usually presented when using the Harvard or author-date system. Each source is listed only once, regardless of how many times it has been mentioned (cited) in the essay or assignment. The sources are listed in alphabetical author order (or title where there is no author). For more detail, or examples of other types of sources, please see the full version of Quote, unquote. Online image Journal E-journal Book E-book Antarctic warming claims another ice shelf (2008) [Online image]. Available from: < [Accessed 24 June 2008]. Bennett, M. and James, S. (2001) Through the glass ceiling: women s experience of modern workplace practices. Journal of Gender in Business, 5 (3) June, pp Cotter, J. (1999) Asset revelations and debt contracting. Abacus [Online], 35 (5) October, pp Available from: < [Accessed 19 November 2007]. Davies, H. and others (2002) Studying science. 4th ed. London: Moss. Dronke, P. (1968) Medieval Latin and the rise of European love-lyric [Online]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available from: < [Accessed 6 March 2008]. libraryonline.leedsmet.ac.uk 3

4 Act Newspaper Web page Podcast TV programme Chapter in an edited collection Conference paper Blog Secondary reference Anonymous journal Thesis Further and Higher Education Act 1991 (c.13) London: HMSO. Hawkes, N. (2008) Brittle bone drug can stop disease taking hold. The Times, 11 June, p.3. Leeds Metropolitan University (2011) Policy, framework principles and procedures for research ethics [Online]. Leeds: Leeds Metropolitan University. Available from: < [Accessed 20th October 2011]. O Malley, J. (2012) Episode 133. The Pod Delusion, 27 th April [Podcast]. Available from: < [Accessed 2 May 2012]. Panorama (2008) Britain on the sick. London: BBC1, 19 May, 21:00. Potter, A. (2006) Modification of method in education design. In: Bourg, G. ed. Process in education planning: studies and cases. London: Falmer Press, pp Romanov, J. (2001) International currency exchange: what future in the electronic age? In: Ford, J. ed. Proceedings of the 7th IF Conference, August 16-18, 2001, Boston USA. New York: International Financial, pp Rotheram, B. (2008) Straws in the wind. Sounds Good, 11 June [Online blog]. Available from: < [Accessed 24 June 2008]. Smith, R. (2004) How to research. Research Weekly, 12 (8) October, pp Quoted in: Jones, F. (2007) Researching your dissertation. Research Today, 4 (6) March, pp Structure in modern childhood (2005) Journal of Social Studies in Youth, 6 (4) April, pp Whitehead, S. (1996) Public and private men: masculinities at work in education management [Ph.D. thesis]. Leeds Metropolitan University. 4 libraryonline.leedsmet.ac.uk

5 Further help Feedback For further explanation and details please refer to: Leeds Metropolitan University (2012) Quote, Unquote [Online]. 2nd ed. Leeds: Leeds Metropolitan University. Available from: < [Accessed 29 th April 2013]. The printed version of Quote, Unquote is available to purchase in The Library or University shops. Library staff are always happy to help with any queries you may have. Phone Us (0113) you can also get 24/7 IT support on this number Us or Chat with Us - via the Need Help? page on Library Online Visit Us - come to the Help and Information Points for Library account and borrower enquiries, IT support and help with research or finding information Does this document tell you what you want to know? Please tell us what you think by filling in a What s Your View? card available from each Library or Library Online. Please include details of the document title. libraryonline.leedsmet.ac.uk 5