Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics

Transcription

1 M A N Y V O I C E S L A N G U A G E Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics Skillbook Level L Perfection Learning

2 Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Parts of Speech Identifying Nouns Using Specific Nouns Capitalizing Proper Nouns Identifying Personal Pronouns and Their Antecedents Using Personal Pronouns Identifying Pronouns Identifying Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Using Verbs Identifying Verbs Using Verb Phrases Identifying Linking Verbs Using Linking and Action Verbs in Sentences Identifying Adjectives Using Specific Adjectives Identifying Adjectives Using Words as Different Parts of Speech Identifying Adverbs Using Adverbs Identifying Adverbs Using Adverbs and Nouns Adjectives and Adverbs: Mixed Practice Finding Prepositional Phrases Using Prepositions and Adverbs Identifying Conjunctions Using Conjunctions Identifying Interjections Using Interjections in Sentences Identifying Parts of Speech Using Parts of Speech The Parts of Speech: Mixed Practice Determining Parts of Speech Understanding Parts of Speech Using Parts of Speech Chapter 2: The Sentence Base Identifying Subjects and Verbs Writing Simple Subjects and Verbs Identifying Subjects and Verbs in Inverted Order Using Inverted Order Identifying Compound Subjects and Verbs Understanding Subjects and Verbs Subjects and Verbs: Mixed Practice Identifying Sentence Fragments Understanding Sentence Fragments Identifying Direct Objects and Indirect Objects Identifying Complements Understanding Complements Identifying Subject Complements Using Subject Complements Complements: Mixed Practice Identifying Sentence Patterns Using Sentence Patterns Diagramming Sentences Identifying Subjects and Verbs Identifying Complements Using the Sentence Base Chapter 3: Phrases Recognizing Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers Identifying Uses of Prepositional Phrases Writing Adverb Phrases Prepositional Phrases: Mixed Practice Identifying Appositives and Appositive Phrases Using Commas with Appositive Phrases Recognizing Participial Phrases as Modifiers Using Commas with Participial Phrases Distinguishing Between Verbs and Participles Identifying Gerund Phrases Determining the Uses of Gerund Phrases Distinguishing Between Gerunds and Participles Identifying Infinitive Phrases Using Infinitive Phrases Many Voices Language Level L 3

3 Table of Contents Infinitive Phrases Verbal Phrases: Mixed Practice Recognizing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Correcting Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Recognizing Phrase Fragments Diagramming Phrases Identifying Phrases Using Phrases Chapter 4: Clauses Distinguishing Between Independent and Subordinate Clauses Recognizing Adverb Clauses as Modifiers Punctuating Adverb Clauses Recognizing Elliptical Clauses Using Adverb Clauses Recognizing Adjective Clauses as Modifiers Determining the Function of a Relative Pronoun Punctuating Adjective Clauses Identifying Misplaced Modifiers Correcting Misplaced Modifiers Identifying Noun Clauses Determining the Uses of Noun Clauses Using Clauses in Sentences Subordinate Clauses: Mixed Practice Classifying Sentences Combining Sentences Recognizing Clause Fragments Correcting Clause Fragments Recognizing Run-on Sentences Correcting Run-on Sentences Diagramming Sentences Identifying Clauses Classifying Sentences Using Sentence Structure Chapter 5: Using Verbs Determining the Principal Parts of Regular Verbs Using the Correct Verb Form Determining the Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs Correcting Verb Forms Using Verb Forms in Sentences Using the Correct Verb Form Using Correct Verb Forms Using Verb Forms Using the Correct Verb Form Supplying the Correct Verb Form Correcting Verb Forms Using the Correct Verb Form Correcting Verb Forms Using Verbs: Mixed Practice Identifying Verb Tenses Choosing the Correct Verb Tenses Using Verb Tenses Verb Tenses: Mixed Practice Identifying Combinations of Tenses Identifying Correct Tenses of Participles and Infinitives Correcting the Tenses of Participles and Infinitives Correcting Tenses Identifying Progressive and Emphatic Forms Using Emphatic Verbs Verb Tenses: Mixed Practice Identifying Active and Passive Voice Using Active and Passive Voice Active and Passive Voice Using the Subjunctive Mood Writing Sentences in Subjunctive and Indicative Mood Writing Sentences Using the Correct Verb Form Correcting Verb Tenses Determining Active and Passive Voice Writing Sentences Chapter 6: Using Pronouns Using Pronouns in the Nominative Case Determining Case Pronouns Pronouns: Mixed Practice Using Pronouns as Objects Using Objective Case Pronouns Objective Pronouns Many Voices Language Level L

4 Table of Contents Objective Pronouns: Mixed Practice Using Pronouns in the Possessive Case Using Possessive Pronouns Pronouns: Mixed Practice Using Who and Its Related Pronouns Using Forms of Who and Whom Who and Whom Using Pronouns in Elliptical Clauses Elliptical Clauses Using Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Replacing Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns Pronouns: Mixed Practice Making Pronouns Agree with Their Antecedents Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree Making Pronouns Agree Using Pronouns and Antecedents Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Mixed Practice Identifying Unclear, Missing, and Confusing Antecedents Correcting Antecedent Problems Correcting Unclear, Missing, and Confusing Antecedents Confusing Pronouns: Mixed Practice Using Pronouns in the Correct Case Correcting Pronoun Problems Making Pronouns Agree with Antecedents Writing Sentences Chapter 7: Subject and Verb Agreement Making Subjects and Verbs Agree Correcting Subject and Verb Agreement Making Interrupted Subjects and Verbs Agree Using Subject and Verb Agreement Subjects-Verb Agreement: Mixed Practice Making Verbs Agree with Compound Subjects Making Compound Subjects and Verbs Agree Making Verbs Agree with Indefinite Pronoun Subjects Making Verbs and Indefinite Pronouns Agree Making Subjects and Verbs in Inverted Order Agree Writing Sentences in Inverted Order Subject-Verb Agreement: Mixed Practice Making Subjects and Verbs Agree Correcting Subject and Verb Agreement Problems Making Subjects and Verbs Agree Writing Sentences in Which Subjects and Verbs Agree Making Verbs Agree with Relative Pronouns Using Subject and Verb Agreement Subject-Verb Agreement: Mixed Practice Correcting Errors with Modifiers Correcting Errors with Subject-Verb Agreement Writing Sentences Chapter 8: Using Adjectives and Adverbs Comparing with Modifiers Using the Correct Form of Comparison Using Comparisons Comparisons Comparisons: Mixed Practice Correcting Errors with Modifiers Correcting Mistakes with Comparisons Comparisons Comparisons: Mixed Practice Identifying Mistakes in the Use of Modifiers Many Voices Language Level L 5

5 Table of Contents Correcting Mistakes in Comparisons Modifiers: Mixed Practice Correcting Errors with Modifiers Editing for Correct Use of Modifiers Writing Sentences A Writer s Glossary of Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Practicing Usage Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Finding the Correct Word Recognizing Correct Usage Usage: Mixed Practice Chapter 9: Capitalization Capitalizing First Words and I Capitalizing Proper Nouns Proper Nouns Capitalizing Proper Nouns Capitalization: Mixed Practice Capitalizing Proper Adjectives Proper Adjectives Capitalizing Proper Nouns and Adjectives Capitalizing Titles Capitalization: Mixed Practice Using Capital Letters Correctly Correcting Capitalization Errors Writing Sentences Chapter 10: End Marks and Commas Classifying Sentences Using End Marks Using Abbreviations Using Abbreviations and End Marks Using Commas to Separate Commas That Separate Using Commas That Separate Using Commas with Compound Sentences Using Commas with Compounds Commas Using Commas with Introductory Elements Commonly Used Commas Commas Using Commas Commas: Mixed Practice Using Commas with Interrupters Interrupters Editing for Commas Using Commas with Nonessential Elements Nonessential Elements Adding Phrases to Sentences Commas: Mixed Practice Editing for Correct Comma Usage Understanding Kinds of Sentences and End Marks Writing Sentences Chapter 11: Italics and Quotation Marks Using Italics (Underlining) Using Quotation Marks with Titles Quotation Marks Quotation Marks and Italics: Mixed Practice Using Capital Letters with Direct Quotations Using Commas with Direct Quotations Punctuating Direct Quotations Using End Marks and Commas with Direct Quotations Using End Marks and Commas with Direct Quotations Quotations: Mixed Practice Using Quotation Marks Writing Quotations Using Quotation Marks Quotation Marks: Mixed Practice Punctuating Direct Quotations Chapter 12: Other Punctuation Forming Possessive Nouns Using Possessive Nouns Using Apostrophes Many Voices Language Level L

6 Table of Contents Using Possessive Pronouns Using Apostrophes Correctly Using Possessive Nouns and Pronouns Possessives: Mixed Practice Writing Contractions Using Contractions Using Apostrophes Apostrophes and Plurals Apostrophes and Plurals: Mixed Practice Using Semicolons and Commas Using Semicolons Using Semicolons and Commas Using Colons Using Colons Semicolons and Colons: Mixed Practice Using Ellipsis Points Using Hyphens to Divide Words Editing for Hyphens That Divide Words Using Hyphens Using Dashes and Parentheses Hyphens, Parentheses, and Dashes: Mixed Practice Punctuation: Mixed Practice Using Correct Punctuation Writing Sentences Many Voices Language Level L 7

7 CHAPTER 2 The Sentence Base (pages 30 47) Using Sentence Patterns Have you ever wondered how food is canned or how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids? Brainstorm for a list of How? questions you would like answered, and then choose one question. Research the answer on the Internet or in reference books at school or in the media center. Take notes on the information you find that will answer your question, and then organize your details in a logical order. Write a topic sentence for your paragraph. Then write the first draft of an expository paragraph that answers the How? question you chose. As you revise and edit your paragraph, make certain it includes a variety of sentence patterns. Then write a final copy. All rights reserved. 58 Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 2: The Sentence Base

8 CHAPTER 2 The Sentence Base (pages 30 47) Diagramming Sentences Underline each subject once and each verb twice in the following sentences. Then label each complement using the following abbreviations. direct object = DO indirect object = IO objective complement = OC predicate nominative = PN predicate adjective = PA 1. Would you be an astronaut? 2. The first American astronauts were Abe and Miss Baker. 3. These very brave astronauts were monkeys! 4. They gave scientists important information. 5. Space travel could be safe and reliable. 6. The space shuttle has been a really huge success. 7. NASA named the first shuttle Columbia.. All rights reserved. 8. Shuttles quite often carry many astronauts and large cargo. 9. Astronauts now successfully repair satellites. 10. Tell us more. Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 2: The Sentence Base 59

9 CHAPTER 3 Phrases (pages 48 65) Identifying Phrases Underline each phrase in the following paragraph. Then label each phrase PREP for prepositional, APP for appositive, PART for participial, GER for gerund, or INF for infinitive. Early Will Little is known about the early life of William Shakespeare, the playwright. There are, however, many legends like these. Abandoning his family to pursue a more carefree life, Shakespeare became a soldier, lawyer, or teacher. Joining an acting troupe, Shakespeare left his home in Stratford-upon-Avon and went to London. Shakespeare, having stolen Sir Thomas Lucy s deer, left his birthplace to avoid prosecution. Little or no proof exists, though, to support these legends. All rights reserved. 84 Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 3: Phrases

10 CHAPTER 3 Phrases (pages 48 65) Using Phrases Write five sentences that follow the directions below. (The sentences may come in any order.) Write about a topic of your choice or why you enjoy speaking up in class or why you fear public speaking. Write a sentence that includes at least two prepositional phrases. 2. includes an appositive phrase. 3. includes an introductory participial phrase. 4. includes a gerund phrase. 5. includes an infinitive phrase. Underline and label each phrase. Then check for correct punctuation in each sentence.. All rights reserved. Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 3: Phrases 85

11 CHAPTER 4 Clauses (pages 66 83) Recognizing Run-on Sentences A run-on sentence is two or more sentences that are written as one sentence and are separated by a comma or no mark of punctuation at all. Label each group of words as RO for run-on sentence or S for sentence. 1. Many plants have poisonous leaves or fruits, these cause skin irritation or sickness. 2. The belladonna has a beautiful name and poisonous berries, it is also called deadly nightshade. 3. Holly, commonly used for holiday decoration, has poisonous leaves and berries. 4. Another seasonal flower, the lily of the valley, has berries too these should not be eaten by anyone either. 5. Many people love rhubarb pie, they do not know that rhubarb leaves should not be eaten. 6. Like most people, I cannot touch poison ivy, it gives me a rash. 7. Digitalis is a plant used in some medicines the leaves are poisonous when eaten. 8. As a child I learned not to touch the nettle, I learned the hard way. 9. Children and pets don t know the dangers of poisonous plants, some will innocently eat them and become sick or die. 10. English ivy foliage is not poisonous, but the berries are. All rights reserved. 104 Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 4: Clauses

12 CHAPTER 4 Clauses (pages 66 83) Correcting Run-on Sentences Rewrite the run-on sentences you identified in the preceding exercise as separate sentences, compound sentences, or complex sentences. Use conjunctions and punctuation as needed All rights reserved Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 4: Clauses 105

13 CHAPTER 4 Clauses (pages 66 83) Diagramming Sentences For the following sentences, underline each subject once and each verb twice. Then put parentheses around each subordinate clause and label it ADV for adverb, ADJ for adjective, or N for noun. 1. An earthquake begins when underground rocks move. 2. This movement creates waves of energy which travel up to the surface. 3. Because earthquakes often cause severe damage, architects now can build earthquake-proof buildings. 4. Thousands of earthquakes occur during a year, but only a few are large ones. 5. What scientists still cannot do is predict earthquakes. All rights reserved. 106 Many Voices Language Level L Chapter 4: Clauses