COMPANION PLANTS. CELERY- Companions: Bean, cabbage family and tomato. Allies: Chives and garlic deter aphids. Nasturtium deters bugs and aphids.

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1 1 COMPANION PLANTS BEANS: Hosts nitrogen- fixing bacteria, a good fertilizer for some plants, too much for others. Rosemary and peppermint extracts are used in organic sprays for beans.[23] Summer savory[17] and potatoes[20] repel bean beetles. Plant near: beets, cabbage, carrots, catnip, cauliflower, corn, cucumbers, marigolds, potatoes, savory, strawberries Keep away from: fennel, garlic, leeks, onions, shallots Comments: potatoes and marigolds repel Mexican bean beetles. Catnip repels flea beetles. BEETS: Plant near: broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush beans, cabbage, cauliflower, chard, kohlrabi, onions Keep away from: charlock, field mustard, pole beans. Garlic improves growth and flavor. Enemies: Pole beans and beets stunt each other's growth. BRASSICA: Brassicas are a family of plants which includes broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, radish, and turnip. Thyme, nasturtiums, and onion showed good resistance to cabbage worm, weevil and cabbage looper.[32] BROCOLLI & BRUSSELS SPROUTS: Plant near: beets, buckwheat, calendula, carrots, chamomile, dill, hyssop, marigolds, mints, nasturtiums, onions, rosemary, sage, thyme, wormwood. Keep away from: strawberries Comments: marigolds repel cabbage moths. Nasturtiums repel aphids. CABBAGE & CAULIFLOWER: Plant near: broccoli, brussels sprouts, celery, chard, spinach, tomatoes. Keep away from: strawberries Comments: tomatoes and celery repel cabbage worms. Chamomile and garlic improve growth and flavor. CARROTS: Tomatoes grow better with carrots, but may stunt the carrots' growth. Beans provide the nitrogen carrots need more than some other vegetables. Aromatic companion plants repel carrot fly. Alliums inter- planted with carrots confuse onion and carrot flies. For the beneficial insect- attracting properties of carrots to work, they need to be allowed to flower; Otherwise, use the wild carrot, Queen Anne's Lace, for the same effect. Flax produces an oil that may protect root vegetables like carrots from some pests. Plant near: cabbage, chives, early potatoes, leeks, lettuce, onions, peas, radishes, rosemary, sage. Enemy: Dill retards growth CELERY- Companions: Bean, cabbage family and tomato. Allies: Chives and garlic deter aphids. Nasturtium deters bugs and aphids. CORN: Provides beans with a trellis, is protected from predators and dryness by cucurbits, in the three sisters technique. Plant near: beans, cucumbers, early potatoes, melons, peas, pumpkins, soybeans, squash. Comments: soybeans deter chinch bugs. Tomatoes and corn are attacked by the same worm. CUCURBIT: Cucurbits are a family of plants that includes melons, cucumbers, gourds, pumpkins, and squash

2 2 CUCUMBER: Sow 2 or 3 radish seeds in with cucumbers to repel cucumber beetles. Plant near: beans, cabbage, corn, early potatoes, radishes, sunflowers. Keep away from: late potatoes Comments: Radishes deter cucumber beetles. Cucumbers encourage blight in late potatoes. EGGPLANT: Marigolds will deter nematodes. Plant near: green beans, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes. Comments: green beans deter Colorado potato beetles GARLIC: Plant near: cabbage, cane fruits, fruit trees, roses, tomatoes Keep away from: peas, beans Comments: deters Japanese beetles and aphids. A garlic oil spray deters onion flies, aphids, and ermine moths. A garlic tea helps repel late potato blight. KALE: Plant near: aromatic herbs, buckwheat, cabbage family, marigolds, nasturtiums Keep away from: pole beans, strawberries KOHLRABI: Plant near: cabbage/cauliflower companions (except tomatoes) Keep away from: fennel, pole beans, tomatoes Comments: kohlrabi stunts tomatoes LETTUCE: Mints (including hyssop, sage, and various balms) repel slugs, a bane of lettuce and cabbage. Broccoli when intercropped with lettuce was shown to produce better results then either crop alone. Plant near: beets, carrots, parsnips, radishes, strawberries Keep away from: cabbage family. Comments: lettuce tenderizes summer radishes. OKRA: Okra and Sweet Potato are mutually beneficial when planted simultaneously. ONION: Plant near: beets, cabbage family, carrots, chamomile, lettuce, parsnips Keep away from: beans, peas Comments: deters most pests, especially maggots PARSLEY: Plant near: corn, roses, tomatoes PEAS: Garlic and onion stunt the growth of peas PARSNIP: The flowers of the parsnip plant left to seed will attract a variety of predatory insects to the garden, they are particularly helpful when left under fruit trees, the predators attacking codling moth and light brown apple moth. The root also contains Myristricin, which is toxic to fruit flies, house flies, red spider mite, pea aphids, a simple blender made extraction of three blended parsnips roots to one litre of water through a food processor (not one for preparing food) and left overnight, strained and use within a few days. Plant near: onions, radishes, wormwood Keep away from: Comments: onions and wormwood help keep root maggots from parsnips. PEPPERS: Pepper plants like high humidity, which can be helped along by planting with some kind of dense- leaf or ground- cover companion, like marjoram and basil; they also need direct sunlight, but their fruit can be harmed by it...pepper plants grown together, or with tomatoes,

3 3 can shelter the fruit from sunlight, and raises the humidity level. Sunflowers, when in bloom at the right time, sheltered beneficial insects which lowered thrips populations. Plant near: basil, carrots, eggplant, onions, parsley, tomatoes Keep away from: fennel, kohlrabi POTATO: Horseradish increases the disease resistance of potatoes. It repels the potato bug. Garlic was shown to be more effective than fungicides on late potato blight. Peas were shown to reduce the density of Colorado potato beetles. Plant near: basil, beans, cabbage family, corn, eggplant, flax, hemp, marigolds, peas, squash Keep away from: apples, birch, cherries, cucumbers, pumpkins, raspberries, sunflowers, tomatoes. Basil deters potato beetles. Marigolds (dug into crop soil) deter nematodes RADISH: Radishes can be used as a trap crop against flea beetles. Radishes grown with lettuce taste better. Plant near: chervil, cucumbers, lettuce, melons, peas, nasturtiums, root crops. Comments: radishes deter cucumber beetles. Chervil makes radishes hot. Lettuce helps make radishes tender. Nasturtiums improve radishes' flavor. SPINACH: Plant near: celery, cauliflower, eggplant, strawberries STRAWBERRIES: Plant near: borage, bush beans, lettuce, pyrethrum, spinach. Keep away from: cabbage family. Thyme, as a border, deters worms. TOMATO: Dill attracts tomato hornworm. Plant near: asparagus, basil, carrots, gooseberries, mustard, parsley, onions, rosemary, sage, stinging nettles. Keep away from: fennel, kohlrabi, potatoes, Brassicas. Potatoes and tomatoes are attacked by the same blight. Allies: Basil repels flies and mosquitoes, improves growth and flavor. Bee balm, chives and mint improve health and flavor. FLOWERS MARIGOLD: Marigolds are a wonder- drug of the companion plant world. French marigolds produce a pesticidal chemical from their roots, so strong it lasts years after they are gone. Stinking Roger has also been found effective against certain perennial weeds. Plant near: all garden crops. Comments: stimulates vegetable growth and deters bean beetles, aphids, potato bugs, squash bugs, nematodes, and maggots. NASTURTIUM: trap crops for aphids, is among the best at attracting predatory insects, deters many pests of cucurbits. Plant near: apples, beans, cabbage family, greenhouse crops, potatoes, pumpkins, radishes, squash. Comments: repels aphids, potato bugs, squash bugs, striped pumpkin beetles, and Mexican bean beetles and destroys white flies in greenhouses. SUNFLOWER: Was grown as a companion for corn before Europeans arrived in the Americas, increasing production. Ants herd aphids onto sunflowers, keeping them off neighboring plants. Works as a trap plant for thrips, keeping them off of bell peppers. Plant near: cucumbers Keep away from: potatoes. Can provide a trellis and shelter for shade- loving cucumbers.

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5 5 Basil Plant near: most garden crops Keep away from: rue Comments: improves the flavor and growth of garden crops, especially tomatoes and lettuce. Repels mosquitoes. Beans, Bush Plant near: beets, cabbage, carrots, catnip, cauliflower, corn, cucumbers, marigolds, potatoes, savory, strawberries Keep away from: fennel, garlic, leeks, onions, shallots Comments: potatoes and marigolds repel Mexican bean beetles. Catnip repels flea beetles. Beans, Pole Plant near: corn, marigolds, potatoes, radishes Keep away from: beets, garlic, kohlrabi, leeks, onions, shallots Comments: same as for bush beans. Beets Plant near: broccoli, brussels sprouts, bush beans, cabbage, cauliflower, chard, kohlrabi, onions Keep away from: charlock, field mustard, pole beans Comments: Borage Plant near: squash, strawberries, tomatoes Keep away from: Comments: repels tomato worms. Improves flavor and growth of companions. Broccoli and Brussels Sprouts Plant near: beets, buckwheat, calendula, carrots, chamomile, dill, hyssop, marigolds, mints, nasturtiums, onions, rosemary, sage, thyme, wormwood. Keep away from: strawberries Comments: marigolds repel cabbage moths. Nasturtiums repel aphids. Cabbage and Cauliflower Plant near: broccoli, brussels sprouts, celery, chard, spinach, tomatoes. Keep away from: strawberries Comments: tomatoes and celery repel cabbage worms.

6 6 Carrots: Plant near: cabbage, chives, early potatoes, leeks, lettuce, onions, peas, radishes, rosemary, sage, salsify, wormwood. Keep away from: Comments: onions, leeks, and wormwood repel carrot flies Chives Plant near: apples, berries, carrots, grapes, peas, roses, tomatoes. Keep away from: Comments: Improves flavor and growth of companions. Deters aphids and Japanese beetles. Corn Plant near: beans, cucumbers, early potatoes, melons, peas, pumpkins, soybeans, squash. Keep away from: Comments: soybeans deter chinch bugs. Cucumbers Plant near: beans, cabbage, corn, early potatoes, radishes, sunflowers. Keep away from: late potatoes Comments: Radishes deter cucumber beetles. Cucumbers encourage blight in late potatoes. Dill Plant near: broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, lettuce, onions Keep away from: carrots Comments: Improves flavor and growth of cabbage family plants. Eggpplant Plant near: green beans, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes Keep away from: Comments: green beans deter Colorado potato beetles. Garlic Plant near: cabbage, cane fruits, fruit trees, roses, tomatoes Keep away from: peas, beans Comments: deters Japanese beetles and aphids. A garlic oil spray deters onion flies, aphids, and ermine moths. A garlic tea helps repel late potato blight.

7 7 Kale Plant near: aromatic herbs, buckwheat, cabbage family, marigolds, nasturtiums Keep away from: pole beans, strawberries Comments: Kohlrabi Plant near: cabbage/cauliflower companions (except tomatoes) Keep away from: fennel, pole beans, tomatoes Comments: kohlrabi stunts tomatoes Lettuce Plant near: beets, carrotsparsnips, radishes, strawberries Keep away from: cabbage family Comments: lettuce tenderizes summer radishes. Marigolds Plant near: all garden crops Keep away from: Comments: stimulates vegetable growth and deters bean beetles, aphids, potato bugs, squash bugs, nematodes, and maggots. Marjoram Plant near: all garden crops Keep away from: Comments: stimulates vegetable growth. Mustard Plant near: alfalfa cover crops, fruit trees, grapes, legumes Keep away from: Comments: stimulates growth of companion plants. Nasturtiums Plant near: apples, beans, cabbage family, greenhouse crops, potatoes, pumpkins, radishes, squash Keep away from: Comments: repels aphids, potato bugs, squash bugs, striped pumpkin beetles, and Mexican bean beetles and destroys white flies in greenhouses. Onions

8 8 Plant near: beets, cabbage family, carrots, chamomile, lettuce, parsnips Keep away from: beans, peas Comments: deters most pests, especially maggots. Oregano Plant near: all garden crops Keep away from: Comments: deters many insect pests. Parsley Plant near: corn, roses, tomatoes Keep away from: Comments: Parsnips Plant near: onions, radishes, wormwood Keep away from: Comments: onions and wormwood help keep root maggots from parsnips. Peas Plant near: beans, carrots, corn, cucumbers, early potatoes, radishes, turnips Keep away from: garlic leeks, onions, shallots Comments: Peppers Plant near: basil, carrots, eggplant, onions, parsley, tomatoes Keep away from: fennel, kohlrabi Comments: Potatoes Plant near: basil, beans, cabbage family, corn, eggplant, flax, hemp, marigolds, peas, squash Keep away from: apples, birch, cherries, cucumbers, pumpkins, raspberries, sunflowers, tomatoes, walnuts Comments: hemp deters phytophthora infestans. Basil deters potato beetles. Marigolds (dug into crop soil) deter nematodes. Radishes Plant near: chervil, cucumbers, lettuce, melons, peas, nasturtiums, root crops Keep away from: hyssop Comments: radishes deter cucumber beetles. Chervil makes radishes hot. Lettuce helps make radishes tender. Nasturtiums improve radishes' flavor.

9 9 Rosemary Plant near: beans, cabbage, carrots Keep away from: Comments: repels bean beetles, cabbage moths, and carrot flies. Sage Plant near: cabbage family, carrots, tomatoes Keep away from: cucumbers Comments: deters cabbage moths and carrot flies. Invigorates tomato plants. Soybeans Plant near: corn, potatoes Keep away from: Comments: chokes weeds and enriches soil. Spinach Plant near: celery, cauliflower, eggplant, strawberries Strawberries Plant near: borage, bush beans, lettuce, pyrethrum, spinach Keep away from: cabbage family Comments: Sunflowers Plant near: cucumbers Keep away from: potatoes Comments: can provide a trellis and shelter for shade-loving cucumbers. Swiss Chard Plant near: bush beans, kohlrabi, onions Keep away from: pole beans Comments: Tarragon Plant near: all garden crops Keep away from: Comments: improves vegetables' flavor and growth.

10 10 Thyme Plant near: all garden crops Keep away from: Comments: deters cabbage moths. Tomatoes Plant near: asparagus, basil, cabbage family, carrots, gooseberries, mustard, parsley, onions, rosemary, sage, stinging nettles Keep away from: fennel, kohlrabi, potatoes, walnuts Comments: Turnips and Rutabagas Plant near: peas Keep away from: knotweed, mustard Comments: mustard and knotweed inhibit the growth of turnips and rutabagas. Companion planting is based around the idea that certain plants can benefit others when planted next to, or close to one another. Companion planting exists to benefit certain plants by giving them pest control, naturally without the need to use chemicals, and in some cases they can give a higher crop yield. Avoid monoculture in terms of space and time. A one-hundred foot long row of broccoli presents a large target for a cabbage moth that is flying by, but the same number of cabbage plants scattered over several thousand square feet, and interplanted with other crops, is less obvious and attractive to the insect. Pests which routinely plague large, commercial plantings of crops may never be a problem in the diversified home garden. Plant dill, marigolds, chives, onions, parsley, basil and other flowers throughout the garden. Allow parsley, carrot and celery to remain in the ground over the winter. They will produce flowers the second season and attract beneficial insects. Also, plant strong smelling herbs among vegetable crops. Garden vegetable plants such as garlic, onions, chives, and herbs such as catnip, horehound, wormwood, basil, tansy, and mints all produce

11 11 scents which seem to repel insects or mask the scents which attract insects. A certain level of insect protection can be achieved by carefully interplanting some of these as companions to vegetables. Perhaps the best historical example of companion planting is the "Three Sisters" in which corn, beans, and squash are planted together in a hill. Native Americans developed this system to provide food for a balanced diet from a single plot of land. Each of the crops is compatible with the others in some way. The tall corn stalks provide a support structure for the climbing beans. The beans do not compete strongly with the corn for nutrients since as legumes, they can supply their own nitrogen. Squash provides a dense ground cover that shades out many weeds which otherwise would compete with the corn and beans.