SCALING UP YOUR VEGETABLE OPERATION Practical Farmers of Iowa Conference 2011
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1 SCALING UP YOUR VEGETABLE OPERATION Practical Farmers of Iowa Conference 2011
2 Started the farm in 1990 with 5 acres
3 The CSA started in 1991 with 30 members
4 Through religious organizations and community groups the CSA quickly grew to 650 members.
5 In 2000 Roxbury Farm moved to new land to gain long term land security.
6 Through the generosity and support of Roxbury Farm CSA members, Equity Trust, and the Open Space Institute the farm has grown to over 350 acres.
7 The land, farmhouse, and barns will remain affordable for farmers in perpetuity.
8
9 Farm Organization Planning Crop Rotation Crew Management/Communication CSA Management Break Harvesting & Distribution Appropriate Equipment
10 Farm Organization
11 Field arrangement
12 50 ft. sections with 12 ft. driving lanes Irrigation traveler can cover four sections in one pull Sprayer can spray 4 beds at a time Place to drive harvest trucks and tractors Access fields in all weather Never have to carry a full produce box more than 25 ft. Easier record keeping
13 Each section divided into 8 beds Controlled field traffic system Raised beds provides drainage during downpours Never drive on bed top
14 6 ft 54 All beds are on 6ft centers with 54 bed tops
15 2 rows 3 rows 5 rows 1 row or plastic mulch 9 rows
16 Planning
17 Designing a share
18 Things to think about when designing a share: Try to have the same amount of vegetables each week Find out what your members want Include a wide variety in each share Staples that you have each week (i.e. salad mix) What is practical for you to grow? / should you quit growing some crops for the CSA? Can you purchase crops from other growers? Do you have a specialty crop that sets you apart from other CSA s? Do you want to do season extension (early/late)?
19 Roxbury Farm Shares include: Salad Crop Leafy green crop Root Crop Fruit Crop Flavor adding Vegetable (onions, scallions, garlic) Exciting Item (sweet corn, heirloom tomatoes, fennel, red peppers) Culinary Herbs
20 Week of June 11, 2010 Salad Mix Spinach Braising Mix Broccoli Raab Turnips Joi Choi Sugar Snap Peas Scallions Radishes Parsley Cilantro Week of Aug 20, 2010 Salad mix Swiss Chard Hot Peppers Red Sweet Italia Peppers Green Bell Peppers Cucumbers Beefsteak Tomatoes Juliet Tomatoes Plum Tomatoes Green Beans Sweet Corn New Potatoes Basil and Cilantro
21 Planning Program Good record keeping is key to making your planning program work for you What are your units of measurement? (length of bed, bunches, lbs.) Create greenhouse and field planting schedules that are easy to read Easy to use and update
22 Example of Roxbury Farm Greenhouse Schedule
23 Example of Roxbury Farm Field Planting Schedule
24 Crop Rotation
25 Alternate production of vegetables with cereals and legumes in the context of an integrated farm, whereby the vegetable plant families are rotated at a minimum of four years.
26 45 acres in Green Manure Crops or Hay 45 acres in Vegetables 200 acres in Hay and Pasture
27 Green Manures build soil health & provide fertility for crops
28 Rotation helps control weeds, diseases, and insects
29 Bell Beans & Oats Fall Broccoli Spring Bare Fallow Sorghum Sudan Grass Potatoes Oats Late Summer Bare Fallow
30 Vegetable Crops Harvesting Time Irrigation Spraying Row Cultivation Other pest control issues Harvest methods
31 Early Morning Crops Salad Mix Spinach Herbs Broccoli Rabe Braising Mix Arugula Bunched Beets, Turnips, Radishes, etc.
32 Plasticulture Cucumbers Summer Squash/Zuc Tomatoes Peppers Eggplant Cantaloupe
33 Fall Brassicas Broccoli Kales Collards Cauliflower Cabbages
34 Sweet Corn Root Crops Snap Beans
35 Crew Management
36 Written Policies & Agreements
37 Clear Harvest Standards
38 Crop Manual
39 Planting & Seeding Schedules
40 Roxbury Farm HOME DATA 2006 Lindenwald Field Map Section 1 Section 2 Section bu/bed 44.8 bu 5.8 bu/bed 44.8 bu 5.8 bu/bed 44.8 bu 1st Peas 1st Peas 1st Peas 1st Peas 2nd Peas 2nd Peas 2nd Peas 2nd Peas Chard Scallion 1 Chard 2 Scallion 2 3rd Peas 3rd Peas 3rd Peas 3rd Peas tatsoi Tatsoi / Turnips turnips Radish / Arugula Mini Cabbage Mini Cabbage / 2nd Tatsoi Broccoli Rabe Broccoli Rabe / 3rd Tatsoi ROUTE 9H Field Maps for Planting & Seeding
41 TRANSPLANT SPACING CROP ROWS SPACING (IN.) NOTES Basil 3 9 lannen: 9" sprocket, every cup Broccoli 2 12 lannen: 12" sprocket every cup Broad Beans 2 5 lannen: 5" sprocket, every cup Brussel Sprouts 2 36 lannen: 18" sprocket, every other cup Cabbage 2 12 lannen: 12" sprocket, every cup Cabbage, Mini 3 12 lannen: 12" sprocket, every cup Cantaloupe 1 12 water wheel Cauliflower 2 24 lannen: 12" sprocket, every other cup Celeriac 2 12 lannen: 12" sprocket, every cup Celery 2 9 lannen: 9" sprocket, every cup Chard 3 9 lannen: 9"sprocket, every cup Collards 2 24 lannen: 12" sprocket, every other cup Corn, Sweet 2 14 lannen: 14" sprocket, every cup Cucumbers 1 12 water wheel Eggplant 2 18 water wheel Flowers 2 9 water wheel (use two wheels from onion wheel) Fodder Beet 2 12 lannen: 12" sprocket, every cup Garlic 2 9 lannen: 9" sprocket, every cup Joi Choi 3 12 lannen: 12" sprocket, every cup Kale 2 12 lannen: 12" sprocket every cup Kale, flowering 2 14 lannen: 14" sprocket, every cup Kohlrabi 3 5 lannen: 5" sprocket, every cup Leeks 2 9 lannen: 9" sprocket, every cup
42 Weekly Task List
43 Daily Crew Meetings
44 In the field instruction
45 Assigning responsibility
46 Transitions between jobs
47
48 CSA Administration
49 Keep members connected to the farm
50 Member Workdays
51 Membership Databases
52
53 Roxbury Farm Database (Legrand CRM)
54 Membership Database Components Contact information Purchases Pick up location Payment Options Easy to print lists and sorting ability Easy to Connect to your billing/accounting program
55 Managing Distribution Sites
56 Distribution Sites Site location: parking / easy access for delivery truck Member volunteers Paid site coordinator or volunteer site coordinators Farmers at the pick up site Relationship to the site host Other vendors using your pick up site and CSA members Relationship with a food pantry / community kitchen
57 Harvesting and Distribution
58 Harvest Standards
59 Food Safety & GAPS
60 Harvest List
61
62 Reduce number of harvest techniques
63
64
65 Large enough harvest vehicles/wagons
66 Harvest Containers
67 Early Morning Harvest
68 Salad Mix & Greens
69
70
71
72 Barn remodel Washing Barn Remodel
73 Hydro Cooling
74
75 Bunch Washer
76 Hydro Cooling
77 Late Morning Harvest
78
79 cornveyor
80
81
82 Packing
83
84 Storage Crops
85
86 Root Digger
87
88
89
90 Curing Onions
91 Root Crops Storage
92 Washing
93
94 Distribution
95 Cheat Sheet
96 Deliver Shares in Bulk
97
98 Boxed Shares
99 Equipment
100 Cost of Salad Harvester Acquisition $ 30, Cost Salad harvester per hour Tractor $ Labor 3 people $ harvester cost per hr $ Total cost per hour $ Total cost per lb salad harvester $ 0.23 Cost hand harvesting by hand $ 0.24 Depreciation = $ 24, = $ 1, purchase cost minus salvage value 20 years of use (purchase cost+salvage value+depreciation) X Interest in $ = $ 1, = $ real int. 2 2 (purchase cost+salvage value+depreciation) X Insurance in $ = $ = $ ins. rate 2 2 Housing in $ = $ 0.31 = $ cost of building per sq foot X sq feet required Maintenance $ Cost per year: $ 2, Cost per 36,000 lb 36,000 $ 0.07 Capacity hand labor per hour 50 lb 50 $12.00 harvester per hour 400 lb 400
101 Determine the working width of all equipment and set the wheel width of all tractors row 1 row 2 row 3 row 4 row 5 row 6 row 7 row 8 row 9
102 High Clearance with creeper gear Utility with creeper gear
103 Cultivating tractors
104 Quick Hitches
105 Jiffy Quick Hitch System
106 Tillage & Cultivation
107 Flail Mower to incorporate cover crops and green manure
108 Sub soil or Yeoman Plow
109 Imants Spader
110
111 Chisel Plow
112 Coulter Chisel Plow with S Tine attachment
113 Perfecta II Harrow
114 Bed Former
115
116 Multi Discbedder
117 Weed Control
118 Seed bed cultivators with adjustable working depth
119 Basket Weeder
120
121 Row Guards on Basket Weeder
122 Bezzeride Spring Hoes
123
124
125
126
127 Rear Cultivator Tool Bar
128
129
130
131
132
133
134 Lely Tine Weeder
135
136 Parallel suspended 2 row Cultivator
137 Williams Tool Bar System
138
139 Hillside Cultivator
140 Plant Production & Transplanting
141 Greenhouse Trays
142 Flat Filler
143
144 Vacuum Seeder
145 Plug Popper
146 Water Wheel Planter
147
148
149
150 Carousel Transplanter
151 Fingers hold the plant in upright position
152 Seeders
153 Grain Drill
154 Other Equipment
155 Plastic Mulch Layer
156 Bale Shredder for Mulching
157
158 Hoops and Floating Row Cover for Season Extension
159 Spray Equipment
160 Raccoon fence and Birdgard
161 Offset Disc
162
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