An Uneasy Adjustment: (Notes 1 of 5)

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 3 Canada in the 1920s Timeframe: Guiding Question: How did Canada adjust to political, social, and economic changes following the First World War? An Uneasy Adjustment: (Notes 1 of 5) - After the war, made it difficult for many people; wages no longer covered cost of rent and food. - Workers had agreed to wages to support the war but now couldn t make ends meet. - While never became popular in Canada, ideas of theory inspired Canadian workers to try and improve working conditions. - Numerous strikes over wages, working conditions, and the right to join resulted. - The Western Labour Conference in March 1919 resulted in the founding of (OBU), which was formed to represent all Canadian workers. ***Question: What is the difference between communism, socialism, and capitalism? Canada s Changing Economy: - Canada began 1920s in a state of economic depression. - However, improved by middle of decade; export remained strong, enormous growth in resources and manufacturing. - Primary trade partner changed. Before the war it was. After the war it became the. - War had forced Britain into. United States emerged as the world s economic leader. - American investors began setting up in Canada; could avoid having to pay Canadian. *** Question: What is the difference between a industry and a industry?

2 The Roaring Twenties: (Notes 2 of 5) - Upswing in economy meant many Canadians could afford more luxuries and leisure time; decade became known as. - became popular and used widespread; 50% of Canadian homes had an automobile by the late 1920s. (Model T Ford) - helped to make remote areas of Canada more accessible. - became standard household appliance; widespread use of radio. - Improved broke down isolation and brought communities together. - New-found prosperity led to different forms of entertainment. In the 1920s, new forms of distinctly Canadian art and entertainment emerged. - Moving became popular. At first, movies silent with a piano player providing sound effects and subtitles conveying dialogue. - famous for introducing a new, distinctly Canadian form of art. Used broad, bold strokes and brilliant colour. - Canadian literature began reflecting on the emerging sense of and that was forming in Canada. - Canadian Forum, Maclean s magazine. - Spectator sports became very popular. First Canadian hockey game radio broadcast in Lionel Conacher - baseball player, a star at lacrosse, a football player, and an all-star. WOW!!! - What trend do we start to notice related to Canadian media? Compare the sections on Canadian radio and moving pictures.

3 Missing the Roar: (Notes 3 of 5) - Not everyone benefited from changes of roaring twenties. Many Canadians still battled, lack of political representation, and. - Main role of was as wives and mothers; married women expected to stay at home and raise a family. - Career opportunities limited, usually earned much less than men for doing same job. - Although most women had won right to vote in federal elections, politics still dominated by men. - However, made significant gains in social reform. Achieved reforms in health,, and working conditions for women and children. - of 1929 and played large role in gaining women right to participate in politics. Women now persons. - peoples also faced many obstacles. - Were still not classified as under the law; could not vote in provincial or federal elections. - Residential schools continued to be used in an attempt to assimilate Aboriginal children. - First Nations people instructed to replace leaders with graduates of schools. - The struggle for land continued through the 1920s. and were continually debated and fought over. - Aboriginal peoples also fought against federal government s use of. - Aboriginal women who married men who were not status Indians forced to give up their Indian status. - Immigration restrictions adopted following the war; preference given to applicants from Britain and the United States. Restrictions on Asian immigrants particularly severe. - In 1925, as economy improved, the relaxed restrictions on immigration.

4 A New Challenge to Federalism - Regionalism: (Notes 4 of 5) - After the war,, or the concern of various regions of the country with their own local problems became more pronounced. - The found they were losing influence in Canadian politics due to a small population. - Formed the Maritime Rights movement which urged politicians to promote policies that would benefit the Maritimes. - Rural Ontario and the Prairies were frustrated with tariffs; forced to local but their products were sold on the open world market. - Farmers wanted, abolishing tariffs and allowing them to buy cheaper -made machinery. - Were ignored by both Liberals and Conservatives; formed their own political parties. In 1920, was created. - Progressive Party s platform based on free trade and public ownership of the railways. - s close proximity to the United States and abundance of natural resources allowed it to benefit tremendously from the economic boom of the 1920s. - As industries expanded, had strong desire to protect its own interests. - B.C. s growing economic strength during 1920s gave its politicians a stronger voice in politics. - B.C. government led by John Oliver; often attacked federal government for favouring Canada. - Panama Canal opened in 1914 making Pacific Coast ports more valuable. Fought to reduce railway freight rates from Canada. - Regionalism and the Progressive Party greatly influenced results of 1921 federal election. - Upset balance of power between and, creating a. -Shows importance of government in addressing regional concerns.

5 Canada s Growing Independence: (Notes 5 of 5) For each of the following six (6) events, identify: I. Who was involved. II. What happened. III. Why it was significant for Canada. How did it contribute to Canada s emerging autonomy? Event 1: The Chanak Crisis Event 2: The Halibut Treaty Event 3: The King-Byng Crisis Event 4: The Imperial Conference and the Balfour Report Event 5: The Statute of Westminster Event 6: The Stock Market Crash