Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Transcription

1 Sigmund Freud

2 Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality 0 Sigmund Freud 0 Levels of Awareness 0 Components of Personality 0 Defense mechanisms 0 Psychosexual stages 0 Criticisms and take home message Psychoanalytic Theories Focus on personality development and effects of conscious and unconscious mind on behavior development

3 Sigmund Freud ( ) 0 Jewish background, though avowed atheist 0 Lived in Vienna until Nazi occupation in Had medical background- wanted to do neurophysiological research 0 Private practice with specialty in neurology 0 Josef Breuer and Anna O. 0 Private practice in nervous and brain disorders

4 Freud (cont.) 0 Early 1900s published many works-- 0 Interpretation of Dreams (1900) 0 The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901) concept of sexual drive being most powerful personality component Psychoanalytic Society formed 0 Many works burned in Nazi occupation (starting 1933) 0 Left Austria, fled to England Died of jaw cancer

5 3 Levels of Awareness 0 Conscious 0 Preconscious 0 Unconscious

6 Conscious 0 Current contents of your mind that you actively think of 0 What we call working memory 0 Easily accessed all the time

7 0 Contents of the mind you are not currently aware of 0 Thoughts, memories, knowledge, wishes, feelings 0 Available for easy access when needed Preconscious

8 Unconscious 0 Contents kept out of conscious awareness 0 Not accessible at all 0 Processes that actively keep these thoughts from awareness

9 Freudian Components of Personality 0 The Id 0 The Ego 0 The Superego

10 Id 0 Resides completely at the unconscious level 0 Acts under the pleasure principle 0 immediate gratification, not willing to compromise 0 Generates all of the personality s energy QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

11 0 The moralist and idealistic part of the personality 0 Resides in preconscious 0 Operates on ideal principle 0 Begins forming at 4-5 yrs of age 0 initially formed form environment and others (society, family etc) 0 Internalized conventions and morals 0 Essentially your conscience Superego

12 Ego 0 Resides in all levels of awareness 0 Operates under reality principle 0 Attempts negotiation between Id and Superego to satisfy both realistically

13 Conflicts of Personality Components 0 Conflicts between the Id, Superego and Ego arise in unconscious mind 0 Can t be reached bc in unconscious 0 Come out in various ways 0 Slips of tongue ( Freudian slip ) 0 Dreams 0 Jokes 0 Anxiety 0 Defense Mechanisms.

14 Denial 0 Refusal to accept external realities because too threatening to enter awareness

15 0 Internal impulses and memories too threatening so bared from entering awareness Repression

16 Projection 0 Attribute unacceptable thoughts or impulses onto others (project these inappropriate thoughts etc onto others)

17 Displacement 0 Shifting attention from one target that is no longer available to a more acceptable or safer substitute

18 Sublimation 0 Healthiest defense mechanism 0 Compromise 0 Takes socially unacceptable impulses and turns them into something positive & acceptable

19 Reaction Formation 0 Converting unacceptable and dangerous impulses into something positive to reduce anxiety

20 Rationalization 0 Explaining an unacceptable behavior in a way that overlooks present shortcomings or failures

21 Regression 0 Reverting to behavior that is characteristic to an earlier stage of development when confronted with stress or anxiety

22 Psychosexual Development 0 Stages of development in which conflict over Id s impulses plays out 0 Ego must control these impulses 0 If not resolved, psychological issues can emerge later in life

23 Psychosexual Stages 0 Oral Stage (0-18 months) 0 Pleasure centering around the mouth (sucking, biting etc) 0 Focus: weaning- becoming less dependent 0 Not resolved? aggression or dependency later in life-- fixation with oral activities (smoking, drinking, nail biting etc.

24 Psychosexual Stages 0 Oral (0-18 months) 0 Anal (18-35 months) 0 Fixation on bowel and bladder elimination 0 Focus: search for control 0 Not resolved? anal retentive (rigid and obsessive personality) or anal expulsive (messy and disorganized personality)

25 Psychosexual Stages 0 Oral (0-18 months) 0 Anal (18-35 months) 0 Phallic (3-6 years) 0 Focus: genital area and difference btwn males and females 0 Electra Complex or Oedipus Complex

26 Complexes in the Phallic Stage 0 Oedipus Complex (boys) 0 Unconscious sexual desires towards mother, father is competition 0 Simultaneously fears the dad- castration anxiety 0 Electra Complex (girls) 0 Unconscious sexual desires towards father and mother is completion 0 Penis envy 0 Resolution? 0 Kid identifies with same sex parent

27 Psychosexual Stages 0 Oral (0-18 months) 0 Anal (18-35 months) 0 Phallic (3-6 years) 0 Latency (6 yrs to puberty) 0 Sexual interest is repressed 0 Kids play with same sex others-- until puberty

28 Psychosexual Stage 0 Oral (0-18 months) 0 Anal (18-35 months) 0 Phallic (3-6 years of age) 0 Latency (6 yrs to puberty) 0 Genital (puberty and beyond) 0 Sexual urges awaken 0 If developed properly develop these urges towards opposite sex members with fixation on the genitals

29 Freud: criticisms and critiques 0 He studied very few people so not representative sample 0 Process of psychoanalysis interviewingexhibit preconceived notions and biases 0 His measures/methods were untreatable 0 Definitions don t lend themselves to experimentation 0 One s personality is fixed and unchanging 0 Obsessed with sex and aggression