IP over DWDM Networks
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1 IP over DWDM Networks Cofounder and CTO, Inc. Milpitas, CA These slides are available at 1
2 Overview What factors lead to IP and DWDM? Why IP directly over DWDM? How to IP over DWDM? What changes are required in IP? 2
3 Trend: More Internet Traffic Number of Internet hosts is growing superexponentially. Traffic per host is increasing: Cable Modems+ADSL UUNet traffic was doubling every 4 months now every 100 days Traffic growth is faster than processing capacity 4
4 Trend: Data > Voice Traffic Voice Past: Data over Voice 1998 Time Future: Voice over Data Data IP Phone IP Network Network Network CSU/DSU CSU/DSU Phone Network Gateway IP Network Gateway 5 Phone Network
5 Bandwidth 2000 Desktop Enterprise 10/100Mb Enterprise 100Mb-1Gb Access 64 kb-155mb Metro 155 Mb-2.4Gb Core 2.4Gb-10Gb 6
6 Bandwidth 2005 Desktop Enterprise 10/100Gb Enterprise 100Gb-1Tb Access 64 Mb-155Gb Metro 155 Gb-2.4Tb Core 2.4Tb-10Tb 7
7 Sparse and Dense WDM 10Mbps Ethernet (10Base-F) uses 850 nm 100 Mbps Ethernet (100Base-FX) + FDDI use 1310 nm Some telecommunication lines use 1550 nm WDM: 850nm nm or 1310nm nm Dense Closely spaced 1nm separation 8
8 Recent DWDM Records 1λ 40 Gbps to 65 km (Alcatel 98) 32λ 5 Gbps to 9300 km (1998) 64λ 5 Gbps to 7200 km (Lucent 97) 100λ 10 Gbps to 400 km (Lucent 97) 16λ 10 Gbps to 6000 km (1998) 132λ 20 Gbps to 120 km (NEC 96) 70λ 20 Gbps to 600 km (NTT 97) 80λ 40 Gbps to 60 km (Siemens 00) 1022 Wavelengths on one fiber (Lucent 99) Ref: Optical Fiber Conference
9 Sample Products DWDM Fiber DWDM Terminal DWDM Fiber Ο/Ε/Ο Crossconnect DWDM Fiber DWDM Terminal DWDM Fiber S S DWDM Terminals: Sycamore SN6000 O/E/O Crossconnects: Cienna Core Director, Tellium Aurora 32,... 12
10 All-Optical Switch All- Optical No Electrical processing Lower cost/space/power Large number of ports Data rate independent: OC-48, OC-192, OC-768, OC-1536, OC-3072,... Payload independent: ATM, SONET, IP/PPP,... Switch Intelligent Auto provisioning, routing,... 13
11 IP over DWDM IP Router ATM Switch SONET ADM IP Router ATM Switch SONET ADM DWDM TE IP Router ATM Switch SONET ADM 14
12 IP over DWDM: Protocol Layers 1993 IP ATM SONET DWDM Fiber 1996 IP PPP SONET DWDM Fiber IP/MPλS PPP DWDM Fiber IP is good for routing, traffic aggregation, resiliency ATM for multi-service integration, QoS/signaling SONET for traffic grooming, monitoring, protection DWDM for capacity
13 Multi-layer Stack: Problems Functional overlap: Muxing:DWDM λ=σstm=σvc=σflows=σ packets Routing: DWDM, SONET, ATM, IP QoS/Integration: ATM, IP Failure affects multiple layers: 1 Fiber 64 λ 1000 OC VCs 10 8 Flows Restoration at multiple layers: DWDM SONET ATM IP SONET Manual (jumpers) months/connection Any layer can bottleneck Intersection of Features + Union of Problems 16
14 IP over DWDM: Why? IP Revenue DWDM Cheap bandwidth IP and DWDM Winning combination Avoid the cost of SONET/ATM equipment IP routers at OC-192 (10 Gbps) Don't need SONET multiplexing IP for route calculation, traffic aggregation, protection Optical layer for route provisioning, protection, restoration Coordinated restoration at optical/ip level Coordinated path determination at optical/ip level 17
15 MPλS MPλS = Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching All packets with one label are sent on one wavelength Next Hop Forwarding Label Entry (NHFLE) <Input port, λ> to <output port, λ> mapping R OXC R R OXC OXC OXC R R OXC R 19
16 Addressing Signaling Protection Routing IP over DWDM Issues Provisioning/Traffic Engineering 21
17 Addressing ATM SONET 22 ATM SONET Optical crossconnects will be IP addressable devices One IP Address per interface Too many addresses Solution: One address per crossconnect Ports identified by IP Address:port # All clients need IP addresses. ATM Switches and SONET Muxes need IP addresses. Need ATM address to IP address directory servers.
18 Two Business Models: Signaling Carrier: Overlay or cloud Network is a black-box User-to-network interface (UNI) Enterprise: Peer-to-Peer Complete exchange of information 23
19 Signaling (Cont) Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF) is defining UNI signaling: Create, destroy, modify lightpaths IP signaling protocols: Constrained-Resource Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Being modified for lightpath creation/modification SONET/PPP OC-48c, OC-192c, Other attributes 24
20 Routing IP routing (OSPF and IS-IS) extensions for optical networks: Separate control and data channels Large number of links: Bundling Today: Tomorrow: Data Routing Messages 25 Signaling
21 Protection Working Path Protection Path Find 2nd path: Not sharing the same fiber, cable, trench, central office Each λ is a member of multiple Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLG) 26
22 Traffic Engineering Quickly create/destroy lightpaths on-demand Dynamic topology for dynamic traffic Circuit-level priority for setup, holding, and restoration No packet-level queuing, marking, scheduling in the core 27
23 Research Topics: Network Layer Switch Switch Routing in/with: Switch Highly connected Networks: Countless paths Link Bundling Highly dynamic topology: Wavelength failures Adaptive Networks: Automated provisioning Risk Avoidance, Protection 1000s of λ s Quality of Service: Packet level vs Circuit level 28
24 Summary DWDM has resulted in an exponential growth in network capacity High speed routers IP directly over DWDM Data and control plane separation IP Control Plane Data will be circuit switched in the core IP needs to be extended to provide addressing, signaling, routing, and protection for lightpaths 29
25 References Detailed references in and Recommended books on optical networking, IP over Optical: A summary of issues, (internet draft) IP over DWDM, (talk) 30
26 Standards Organizations IETF: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) IP over Optical (IPO) Traffic Engineering (TE) Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF): Optical Domain Services Interconnect (ODSI) ANSI T1X1.5: ITU, 31
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