ULTRA HD AND 4K CINEMA

Transcription

1 ULTRA HD AND 4K CINEMA Michel CHABROL ( mchabrol@eutelsat.com ) 3D & Ultra HD Group of the HD Forum Director of Marketing Innovation & Digital Cinema, Eutelsat

2 DIGITAL CINEMA AND TV When the cinema became digital, some years ago, it became possible, with the same projector to have cinema and video projection Cinema is a very big provider of contents to TV TV broadcasters and pay-tv bouquets are a big source of financing to cinema production 3

3 DIGITAL CINEMA AND TV FORMATS First elements used to define a format in Digital Cinema and TV : number of pixels per line number of lines aspect ratio (pixels per line / number of lines) interlaced (TV only) or progressive (i or p) frame rate (frames per second: fps) Then: Colour depth (*) and colour gamut Dynamic Range Audio (stereo, 5.1,, 10.2, 22.2) (*) A pixel is defined by Red, Green, Blue - 8-bit color depth means: 2^8 possibilities for Red, Green & Blue That is: 256 x 256 x 256 = 16.7 Mcolors - 10-bit (2^10) color depth means : 1024 x 1024 x 1024 = 1 Billion colors - 12-bit : 4096 x 4096 x 4096 = 68.7 Bcolors 4

4 2 FORMATS ARE COMMONLY USED IN DIGITAL CINEMA Digital Cinema formats (from Digital Cinema Initiatives (*) DCI) : 2k and 4k Encoding : JPEG 2000 Digital cinema formats : 2k (DCI) 4k (DCI) Pixels/line x number of lines (aspect ratio) Most common: 2048 x 1080 p (1.89) (2.2 Mpixels/frame) Most common: 4096 x 2160 p (1.89) (8.8 Mpixels/frame) Frame rate 24 fps Or, high frame rates: 48 fps (**) 60 fps (**) 24 fps Or, high frame rates: 48 fps (**) 60 fps (**) (*) Digital Cinema Initiatives = Joint project founded in 2002 by American Majors (**) Note: High Frame Rates (HFR) are recommended by some famous Directors like James Cameron (48, 60 fps) 5

5 HIGH DEFINITION AND ULTRA HDTV Digital TV formats from HD to 8k TV Encoding: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and now: HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) Digital TV formats : High Definition (HDTV) Quad HD UHDTV1 («4k TV», «4k UHD») UHDTV2 («8k TV») Pixels x number of lines Aspect ratio : 16/ x 720 p (0.922 Mpixels/frame) 1440 x 1080 i (1.6 Mpixels/frame) 1920 x 1080 i or p 4 x HDTV 3840 x 2160 p (8.3 Mpixels/frame) 3840 x 2160 p (8.3 Mpixels/frame) 7680 x 4320 p (33.2 Mpixels/frame) (2.1 Mpixels/frame) Frame rate 25 fps (50 fps soon?) 25, 50 fps, 25, 50, fps 25, 50, fps Or: 30 fps (USA, Japan, ) 60 fps soon? + 24 fps (Blu-ray) Or: 30, 60 fps, + 24 fps 30, 60, 120 fps + 24 fps Recommended by experts: Phase 1: 50 / 60 fps 30, 60, 120 fps + 24 fps Recommended by experts: 100 / 120 fps Phase 2: 100 / 120 fps Comments Most of the HDTV channels are in «i» (interlaced mode) Next step?: 1920 x 1080p 50 fps? Based on ITU-R BT.709 First step to Ultra HD Color depth : 8 bits (16.7 M colors) ITU-R BT 2020 Color depth: 10 bits (1 Billion colors) in Phase 1, more in Phase 2 ITU-R BT 2020 (+ Super Hi-Vision works from NHK) 6

6 2k Cinema (2048 x 1080) 4k Cinema (4096 x 2160) SD, HD, UHDTV1, 2K, 4K, UHDTV2 SD 576i (720 x 576) HD 720p (1280 x 720) HD 1080i or p (1920 x 1080) = 2.1 Mpixels 2160 lines UHDTV1 (4k TV) & Quad HD (3840 x 2160 p) = 8.3 Mpixels 4k TV : 3840 pixels / line 4k cinema: 4096 pixels / line UHDTV2 (8k TV) or Super Hi-Vision (7680 x 4320 p) = 33.2 Mpixels 18/12/2014 7

7 4k Cinema (4096 x 2160) ULTRA HDTV COLOR GAMUT Human vision UHDTV (BT.2020) HDTV (BT.709) Color gamut of Digital cinema (DCI) is between BT 709 and BT

8 ULTRA HDTV WILL OFFER Ultra High Definition TV (Ultra HDTV) will offer (*) Higher resolution Higher frame rate(s) More colours Higher Dynamic Range (HDR) Immersive audio (*) With respect to High Definition 9

9 ULTRA HD (4KTV) OUTSIDE EUROPE BETWEEN NOW AND 2016 KOREA: South Korean DTH operator KT SkyLife and Japanese Sky PerfecTV! have launched first UltraHD channels in June 2014 KT SkyLife is broadcasting 4 hours of UltraHD content per day and is planning to have 2 full UltraHD channels by beginning of 2015 JAPAN: USA: NexTV via Sky Perfect JSAT broadcasts 6 hours of Ultra HD content per day Sky Perfect will open two Ultra HD commercial channels in 2015 Three 4k TV channels planned in Japan in 2016 Major US player DirecTV announced UHD VoD for end

10 CALENDAR : FROM DEMO TO COMMERCIAL UHDTV 1 (4k TV) Demos, tests, showcases implementation Phase 1 (up to 50 / 60 fps) commercial January 2013: 1 st European UHD Permanent demo channel by Eutelsat (Quad HD MPEG-4) at 10 East 26 May 2014: Eutelsat launches on HOT BIRD an Ultra HD demo channel in HEVC 50 fps, 10-bit colour depth 2 June 2014: Start of 4kTV broadcasting by NexTV / SKY Perfect in Japan + KT SkyLife in Korea 2015: Sky Perfect 4k commercial channel in japan 2016: Three 4kTV channels on air in Japan Phase 2 (100 / 120 fps) commercial NHK /Super Hi-Vision UHDTV 2 (8k TV) Experiments Receiver Production Test Broadcast Promotion Broadcast Rio 2016 Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games

11 CALENDAR (2) Encoding / compression: MPEG-4: good efficiency with progressive mode, but industry is now focused on a new standard: HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) HEVC: should be 30 to 50% better than MPEG-4 (H264/AVC) can be applied to all formats: HD, Ultra HD Ultra HD needs HEVC to take off Connectivity: HDMI 2.0 connectors 12

12 CALENDAR (3): UHDTV1 (4K TV) GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION + HOME DTH satellite Ready 4k camcorders : Consumer : end 2014 Prosumer : end k UHD TV set: HDMI 2.0: 2014 (50/60fps) (Some with embedded HEVC decoder) Some 2014 TV sets can be directly connected to the satellite dish! (Embedded DVB-S2 demodulator and HEVC decoder) 2015 // 4k Blu-ray players + Game stations: k Satellite Set Top Box With HEVC: k via fiber: same time as via satellite, but not everywhere 4k via DTT: not before 2015 with DVB- T2 & HEVC, and not everywhere DTT retransmitter 4k via ADSL : with HEVC, but not everywhere New boxes for 4k TV 13

13 PREDICTED ULTRA HD CHANNEL GROWTH Over 800 Ultra HD channels within the next 10 years predicted with a CAGR of almost 50% * Growth mainly driven by North America (40%), Asia (17%) and Western Europe (14%) Number of UltraHD Channels * HTS will support roll-out in selected regions, notably in North America and Western Europe Merci pour votre attention / Thank you for your attention *Northern Sky Research,