Geography. 8 th Grade Social Studies

Transcription

1 Geography 8 th Grade Social Studies

2 The 5 Themes of Geography Location- Where something is located. Absolute location: the absolute or specific location as in using coordinates of a map with latitude and longitude. Example: 40 degrees North and 74 Degrees West. (More to come on this) Relative location: General location of where something is at. Example: next door to or around the corner.

3 5 Themes of Geography Place- A place is an area that is defined by everything in it. All places have features that give them personality and distinguish them from other places. Example would be this school- What would we include? Everything in it, walls, desks, gym, cafeteria, classrooms, people, maps, brooms, mops, computers. You get it everything.

4 5 Themes of Geography Region- A region is an area that is defined by certain similar characteristics. Those unifying or similar characteristics can be physical, natural, human, or cultural. Example of this would be the Great Lakes Region. Every city around the Great Lakes would be considered part of the region. (Places or locations)

5 5 Themes of Geography Movement- Refers to the way people, products, information, and ideas move from one place to another. Example- How food is grown and then moved from a farm in Illinois to New York City.

6 5 Themes of Geography 1.1 Human-environment interaction looks at the relationships between people and their environment; how people adapt to the environment and how they change it. Example of adapting would be the soil of Midwest is very good for growing, so we grow a good supply of the worlds corn and soybean.

7 Compass Rose Reading a Map 1.5 A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west. Scale The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world. Relative Location- the location of one place in relation to another place. Look for a reference point, a place you already know

8 Key The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees. Grids Some maps use a grid of parallels and meridians. On a map of a small area, letters and numbers are often used to help you find your absolute location (global address- 36 N and 140 E is Tokyo, Japan). OwlTeacher.com

9 Physical Maps Physical maps show location and topography (shape of physical features) Earth s Landforms (mountains and forests), Water Features (rivers and lakes), and Relief and Elevation (the difference in height, often shown with a key).

10 Political Maps Political maps show the boundaries and locations of political units Countries, cities, towns A political map has features human-made, or determined by humans Capitals, highways, railroads

11 Thematic Maps Thematic maps can represent a variety of information including things like climate, precipitation, vegetation, elevation, population, life expectancy, etc. Thematic maps are generally used when you are looking at a single piece of information.

12

13

14 What is Latitude? Latitude 1.5 Lines of Latitude run horizontally (Across Right and Left). Latitude is measured in degrees. The Equator is 0 degrees Latitude. Lines of Latitude locate places North or South of the Equator. The North Pole is 90 degrees N Latitude, and the South Pole is 90 degrees S Latitude.

15 Longitude 1.5 Lines of Longitude run vertically. UP and DOWN They are also called Meridians. The Prime Meridian is found in Greenwich, England. The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude. Lines of Longitude locate places East or West of the Prime Meridian. There are 180 degrees of east Longitude, and 180 degrees of west Longitude.

16 Now putting latitude and longitude together to find and absolute location (1.5) In order to find an absolute location we need to utilize both latitude and longitude together. It is like using a grid. Lets practice this on the globe to the right and then in your curriculum guides.

17 Hemispheres, Continents and Oceans (1.2) The earth is split up into 4 Hemispheres Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern. 7 Continents- Africa, Asia, Europe, Antarctica, North America, South America, Australia 5 Oceans Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern, and Indian Where are these located in the world?

18 The Hemispheres 1.2

19

20 Countries of the World (1.6) Lets label some very important countries of the world that we will be covering over the course of the year. United States Great Britain France Germany Russia Italy Iran Japan China North and South Korea Vietnam Iraq Afghanistan Mexico

21

22 States and Capitals (1.6) Lets review the states and the capitals Label the states and capitals on your blank U.S. Map.

23