Disaster Management Model and Framework. Professor Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management, Govt. Of India

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1 Disaster Management Model and Framework Professor Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management, Govt. Of India

2 What is development? Promotion of human development share a common motivation and reflect a vital commitment to promoting human well being that entails dignity, freedom, security and equality for all the people

3 MDG Investment in Human Development-health, education, water, sanitation Investment in Infrastructure-power, Roads, ports, communication Developing industrial development policypromote investment and public spending Helping small farmers in income productivity Emphasizing human rights and social equality

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8 Why Disaster Management? Global Trend More than 200 worst disasters hit the world. Lives lost 1.4 million( 90 % due to flood and wind storms).

9 Global Annual Economic Loss Due to Natural Disasters $75.5 billion $138.4 billion $213.9 billion $ billion

10 The Asian Scenario Of 6185 Disasters between 1994 and 2003, 947 in South Asia and 1217 in East Asia and Pacific The recent Tsunami has strengthened the need for a regional focus on the need for cooperation in disaster response - 13 countries affected

11 The Indian Scenario: Hazard Vulnerability 57% 16% 12% 3% 8%

12 Major Natural Disasters in the country : Major Cyclones - Four Earthquakes (M 6+) - Five 1991 OCT 20 Uttarkashi M Sept 30 Latur M May 22 Jabalpur M March 29 Chamoli M Jan 26 Bhuj M6.9 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Avalanche - Feb 2005 Earthquake, Gujarat Jan 2001, lives lost Severe Floods - Every Year Himachal, Gujarat, Maharashtra,Karnatka-2005 Tsunami Dec , more than lives lost Severe Droughts - Every 2-3 year

13 Disasters in India - Vulnerability Key Vulnerability: 5700 Km Long Coastline - Cyclone-prone 40 Mha - Flood-prone 68% of Net Sown Area (116 Districts) - Droughtprone 55% Total Area - Seismic Zones III - V Sub-Himalayan/ Western Ghats - Landslide-prone Severity Index (Last 50 yrs Data) Analysis based on Extent affected (Population, Area); Loss to Economy, Lives; Frequency of incidence Landslides Tornado Thunderstorms Hailstorms Epidemics Forest fires Pest & Diseases The Indian Sub-Continent is among the World s Most Disaster-prone Areas Cyclone Drought Earthquake Flood

14 TSUNAMI: Adding a New Dimension?

15 Manmade Disaster :Potential Probability vs. Impact NUCLEAR WEAPON BIOLOGICAL AGENT POTENTIAL IMPACT IMPROVISED NUCLEAR DEVICE RADIOACTIV E MATERIAL CHEMICAL AGENT OR TOXIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL BLAST EVENT PROBABILITY/LIKELIHOOD

16 Types of Vulnerability Physical Social Economic

17 Some Facts: Losses to life higher in developing countries Economic loss higher in developed countries. Significant increase in number and losses. Last decade increase in number- 4.1 times economic losses times higher

18 Great Natural Disasters Economic and insured losses with trends 80 Billion US$ (2000 values) Economic losses (2000 values) Insured losses (2000 values) Trend economic losses Trend insured losses Year

19 Sector Example Gujarat Earthquake-2001 Asset Losses (Rs. In Crores) Reconstruction Cost (Rs. In Crores) Housing Health Education Irrigation Rural Water Supply Infrastructure (Public & Municipal) Power Transport Ports Telecommunication Agriculture & Live stock Industry Services Environment Total

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28 Problem of Unwanted clothes

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30 WHAT ARE THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERS? Population Growth and Urban Development Development Practices and Poverty Effect of Environmental degradation Poor Governance Climate change???

31 INCREASING VULNERABILITY: Urbanization

32 Climate Change and vulnerability???

33 Disasters and climate change are biggest challenge for Millennium Development Goal

34 What is the strategy?

35 How we define disaster? Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence affecting any area from natural and manmade causes, or by accident or negligence, which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of environment and is of such a nature and magnitude as to be beyond the capacity of the community of the affected areas.

36 Conventional Approach Disaster = Hazard Focus: emergency management

37 Alternative Approach Hazard people s vulnerability Focus : technical view point + socioeconomic and political considerations

38 Social Science Approach Engineering mode to human factor Interacting reality Deferential impact and resources Political economically factor

39 Dominant Approach Isolated events Responding to emergencies Technical solutions

40 Holistic Approach Combination of vulnerabilities and capacities Relief and development paradigm

41 Paradigm Shift- Different People See Risk Differently

42 What is a paradigm? A set of assumptions to understand and interpret reality. Relief to Preparedness and Mitigation at all levels Govt and other stakeholders. Conventional to more modern system GIS-IT based planning Early warning and dissemination system

43 Risk Management Cycle Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Mit igat Mit ion igat ion Reconstruction Reconstruction Development + Environment Sustainability Planning Planning Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Hazard Risk and Vulnerability Reduction Prevention Prevention Mitigation Mitigation Response Response Disaster Disaster Preparedness Preparedness disaster scenario non-disaster scenario

44 RISK IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS RISK ANALYSIS HAZARD Determines geographical location, intensity and probability Physical Vulnerability VULNERABILITY /CAPACITIES Estimates level of risk :Development Evaluates risks Determines susceptibilities & capacities Social vulnerability RISK ASSESMENT Socio-economic cost/benefit analysis Establishment of priorities Establishment of acceptable levels of risk Elaboration of scenarios and measures

45 . PREPAREDNESS Training : Awareness Early warning systems Technical surveys Institutional building :

46 MITIGATION o limit/minimise the averse mpact of natural, nvironmental, technological azards by reducing the hysical vulnerability of the xisting sites / nfrastructures. :

47 PREVENTION mprovement of decision making and reduction of vulnerabilities at more global level: Includes: planning (i.e site planning) legal measures (i.e : construction odes) infrastructure works

48 Pre-requisites for preparedness Policy and legal Authority Organizational structure Community s knowledge Information management system Resources

49 UN Solutions to DM-2005 Ensure the disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with strong institutional basis of implementation Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance enhance early warning system Use knowledge,education innovation to build a culture of safety and making community resilient Reduce the underlying risk factors Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

50 Planning Coordination and communications Awareness Training and capacity building

51 Disaster Risk Management A systematic process that uses a range of measures to ensure the highest practical level of disaster protection for communities, infrastructure and the environment

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53 Network of Disaster Management Centres Present control room strengthened on-site emergency coordination kits with SATPHONES, GPS, Laptops, VHF sets etc Mobile Operations Centre being set up State-of-the-art Disaster Management Centres for data, video and audio uplinking with all State, District and remote sites being established

54 State and District DM Centres being upgraded India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN) -web-enabled, centralised inventory of resources established to minimize response time in emergencies [for the disaster managers at District /State / National level]-

55 Disaster Communication Plan National DM Communication Plan prepared with triple redundancy for nearly 100% reliability- Phase-I to provide Satellite-based mobile voice /data /video communication between National EOC, State EOC and mobile EOC at remote disaster/ emergency sites sanctioned-to be ready by June, 2005 Phase-II to connect National EOC/State EOCs/District EOCs with Disaster/emergency sites to be taken up during Communication backbone to be used Terrestrial link, POLNET, NICNET, ISDN, SPACENET

56 Phase-I: To establish communication between NEOC, MEOC, Concerned State EOC and NQRTs to be deployed at Disaster/Emergency sites STATE HQ DISASTER SITE Communication equipment at each EOC and NQRT : -VSAT terminal (Autotracking antenna for MEOC) -Video phone -Video Camera -GMPCS handheld phone -VHF handsets -PA System

57 Phase-II: State level To establish communication links between NEOC and all SEOCs through VSAT / ISDN Connectivity NEOC POLNET HUB NIC HUB State Level Communication links: Basic links : NEOC <=> SEOC thro VSAT (POLNET) Back-up links: First back-up NEOC <=> SEOC thro VSAT (NICNET) Second back-up NEOC <=> SEOC thro ISDN

58 HARYANA STATE SEOC Phase-II: District level To link all DEOC to the network with various back-up links thro ISDN, VSAT (POLNET/NICNET) DISTRICT EOC ISDN LINE POLNET CONNECTIVITY UPTO DEOCs NEOC District level Communication links: Basic MW LINK links : POLNET DEOC <=> SEOC & HUB NEOC thro ISDN Back-up links: First back-up DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC thro VSAT (POLNET) Second back-up DEOC<=> SEOC & NEOC VSAT (NICNET)

59 PHASE II: NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION PLAN THRO POLNET SEOC-N NATIONAL EOC NICNET HUB OPTIONAL BACK-UP FOR DEOC CONNECTIVITY POLNET HUB GMPCS PHONE Reserved VSATs - GMPCS PHONE PUBLIC ISDN NETWORK THRO POLNET NQRT-1 VSAT MOBILE EOC DEOC-N DEOC-1 DEOC-2

60 Techno-legal regime and Capacity Building for its compliance Awareness generation meetings/workshops/visits to educational institutions National Programme for Capacity Building in Earthquake Risk Management for training of 20,000 engineers and architects: Approved and under implementation 18 National Resource Institutions (NRIs) identified 210 State Resource Institutions and 640 Faculty Members being nominated by the State Govts for their training at NRIs

61 Institutions interlinking is needed State Household community Bilateral/Multilateral Vulnerability reduction Regional cop. Civil society Market/Private

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63 Framework at a glance Development Political Economy Environment Disaster Risk Assessment,Reduction and Management Mitigation Economic Sustainability Structural measures Infrastructure Shelter Retrofitting Non-structural measures Act Policy HRD Capacity Building Knowledge Management Financial mitigation Risk Transfer Insurance Sustainable Development Post funding CRF & NCCF Pre-funding Mitigation fund Development

64 Thank You