The importance of Waste Management from Climate Perspective. COP17, Durban. Freek van Eijk. SITA/SUEZ Environnement.

Transcription

1 The importance of Waste Management from Climate Perspective COP17, Durban Freek van Eijk SITA/SUEZ Environnement December 5,

2 The issue: waste volume is growing and wasted Rapid increases in population & urbanization: increased waste generation in developing countries. (Uncontrolled) landfilling is still common practice Traditional waste management needs to be improved rapidly Limit negative impacts on health/ environment Service concept to citizens/industry to dispose of waste

3 A vison with Health, Resource and Climate Perspective Waste Management as a Catalyst for the Circular Economy The Circular Economy model responds to a growing demand for sustainable WASTE MANAGEMENT and PRODUCTION cycles in a rapidly growing and urbanising world, to a strong needs of RESOURCE EFFICIENCY and contributes significantly to the REDUCTION of CO2 emissions

4 How does it work in practise? Proven Technology to reduce GHG emissions Waste Avoidance Prevention and re-use Collection and transportation Efficiency increase Sustainable fuels and alternative transport Work with the informal sector in emerging countries Recycling Material Recovery and preparation of waste derived fuels Biological treatment Composting and Digestion Waste to Energy substitute primary fuels Landfill Landfill gas collection Produce energy from landfill gass

5 The magnitude of GHG reduction by waste management The example of Europe What the EU has done Regulation and investment in waste management Prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling and energetic valorization activities and gradual reduction of landfilling will make the municipal waste sector a net GHG reducer in The mitigation is very success Decline of EU municipal waste emissions between from 69 to 32 million tonnes of CO2 Waste management GHG reductions could potentially account for 18% of the EU s Kyoto target for 2020 This can be replicated worldwide UNEP (2010) on Waste and Climate Change: the waste sector is in a unique position to move from being a minor source of global emissions to becoming a major saver of emissions

6 Landfill gas capture and recovery for essential quick wins Landfills are major contributors to climate change through CH4 emissions Priority: reduce direct emissions + increase avoided emissions. How to reduce emissions? Install active gas collection and treatment systems Use gas as a fuel to produce electricity/energy Effect on GHH emissions Europe s CH4 emissions from landfills - 40% between 1990 and (EEA) Australia's CH4 emissions from landfills % between 1990 and (Australian Dep. Of Climate Change) US CH4 emissions from landfills -20% between 1990 and 2009 (US EPA) Example: Landfill Gas to Energy Project in Bogota, Colombia Technology Transfer through the CDM Biogas Dona Juana (50 % GRS Valtech (operated by Proactiva Colombia); 50 % Gas Natural) Project activity : Installation of an active landfill gas collection system Combustion of landill gas in flares, utilisation of landfill gas in engines to produce electricity and for thermal energy in up to 70 brick factory kilns surrounding the site Crediting period : 7 years, renewable twice maximum Estimated Emission Reduction : ~ 5,800 ktonnes of CO2 eq / 7 years Project registered 10 September 2009

7 Organic Recovery: low threshold for improvement Organic waste is a major component of MSW Responsible for CH4 emissions in landfills Organic waste can be recovered even at small scale at local level How to reduce emissions? Separate collection and increase of compost production Use of compost as a soil amendment From composting to Anaerobic Digestion - Recover methane to produce energy - The digestate is a good quality compost Effect on GHG Emissions In top performing countries composting has a positive Climate contribution Anaerobic Digestion allows for the recovery of renewable energy from organic waste. Referenced values for AD in study: - Compost Production : 295 kg/t waste - Energy Consumption : 50 kwh/t waste - Energy Production : 160 kwh/t waste Source: Ecofys study Sectoral Emission Reduction Potentials and Economic Costs for Climate Change (SERPEC-CC) Chapter «Waste» - October 2009 Example UNFFC approved CDM project: low technology compost plant Dhaka Bangladesh Objective: develop sustainable model for solid waste treatment based on recycling: a large scale composting plant recovery of organic wastes from households and vegetable markets Dhaka reduce volume of uncontrolled landfilling To create job opportunities for the urban poor, especially women and waste pickers Economics: substitute chemical fertilizer by locally produced compost Milestones Basic information: 700 tons waste/day by 2010; Certified compost = 50 ktons/y Reduction of GHG = 89 ktons of CO2e/y Employment creation: 800 persons Project Cost = 12 million Euro Land filling avoided: m3/y.

8 Waste Management in Hong Kong Integral vision 1989 Waste Disposal Plan: foundations for current infrastructure (closure of the incinerators, 3 strategic landfills) - All closed LF: gas collection and incineration (CH4=>CO2) & leachate collection - Return of space to city (parcs) - Significant water transport and underground constructions (visual impact) Moving Forward Focus on Reduction, Recycling, Away from landfill Organic Waste Facilities being tendered and planned Incineration tender in 2012 WEEE recycling Landfill extension Landfill CWTS Future Transfer Compost

9 Shanghai Chemical Industry Park (SCIP) Clustered activities on a 30 SQ KM industrial park with central waste & water treatment facilities Supports sustainable growth China s Industry Integrated waste water treatment & SCIP hazardous waste incineration The incinerator treats all hazardous waste of Shanghai s petrochemical industry Flue gas emissions with EU standards, An advanced energy recovery system - Steam generated at SCIP incinerator => chemical industry as a fossil fuel replacement (petrol equivalent:15,000 t/y) - Carbon footprint reduction Direct link and treatment synergies by injecting the optimum mix of effluents or waste into the treatment plants or kiln

10 Closing the loop in developed countries Examples of Waste Management and Resource Efficiency in Practice Dismantling and Recycling of planes in France Valorization and reintegration of recyclables in production process Green Office TNT LEED platinum certified > 95% recycling of building waste SITA Agora Eco-Park Car dismantling with Renault 85% recovery rate (95% in 2015) State of the Art Plastic Sorting Center Rotterdam 80% Mat.Recycled Plastic Packages

11 Closing the loop in developed countries Examples of Waste Management and Resource Efficiency in Practice Bottle 2 Bottle recycling r-pet for Evian-Volvic SITA-Cynar, UK Diesel from Plastic Waste Cost efficiënt replacement of primary fuels State of the Art EfW plants Energy & Heat optimization Eco-Park City Heating/Green Houses Recyfuel: making a dedicated fuels for the Cement Industry Saving Primary Fuels

12 Waste management is the low hanging fruit from GHG mitigation perspective Waste Management can start today: many projects are part of existing mechanisms like CDM and NAMA s The Clean Development Mechanism Introduced under the Kyoto Protocol Transfer of sustainable technology Reduce GHG in developing countries Waste Management is relevant CDM: 3497 projects and growing 14% is waste sector related - Landfill gas projects deliver 237 million carbon credits in 2012 Private investments can dwarf public sector contributions. NAMA: nationally appropriate mitigation actions Voluntary mitigation actions implemented by a developing country Government sponsored programme with measurable GHG reductions compared to Business as Usual NAMA s vs CDM - further structure, institutionalise and grow GHG reduction and third party financing

13 Submitted NAMAs with referenced waste actions 1/2 Argentina Armenia Benin Country Central Africa Republic Colombia Costa Rica Ethiopia Gabon Extract of Text The National Plan for the Integral Management of Urban Solid Waste is supported by a loan from the World Bank for the construction of sanitary landfills and landfill gas capture Decrease CH4 emissions from solid municipal waste and wastewater The recovery of CH4 emitted by landfills in local communities with a special status The recovery of household waste (solid and liquid) from large cities for the production of green fertilizers and energy production (biogas) Colombia communicated that it is undertaking studies on its mitigation potential and on abatement cost curves for the transport, agriculture,energy, waste management and industrial sectors as part of its national strategy of low-carbon emissions development. On a preliminary basis, efforts will focus on the following sectors: (a) Transport; (b) Energy; (c) Forestry; (d) Waste management. 9 specific waste management projects listed with quantified reduction and growth rate estimates The construction of waste and wastewater treatment centres; development under the CDM. Sources: CD4CDM, UNEP Risø Centre; FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF.1 and unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/copenhagen_accord/items/5276.php

14 Submitted NAMAs with referenced waste actions 2/2 Country Ghana Indonesia Jordan Madagascar Morocco Peru Sierra Leone Macedonia Extract of Text Net CH4 emissions due to the inappropriate management of waste : promote waste separation and composting, support waste-to-energy initiatives; capture and utilize CH4 gas from landfill sites, and institute measures to minimize waste generation A reduction in solid and liquid waste Recycling projects to improve solid waste management; Emission reductions from 8 solid waste management projects Recover the household waste (solid and liquid) of large cities for the manufacturing of fertilizers and energy production (biogas, electricity) 3 projects cited including CH4 capture from uncontrolled and uncontrolled landfills and wastewater treatment plants The design and implementation of measures which allow the reduction of emissions caused by the inappropriate management of solid waste. The development of agricultural and urban waste incineration programmes for energy production; Improved waste management through the composting and recycling of waste GHG emission reductions at existing landfills, including the installation of CH4 recovery and flaring systems at some selected landfills; The construction of regional solid waste disposal sites; Sources: CD4CDM, UNEP Risø Centre; FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF.1 and unfccc.int/meetings/cop_15/copenhagen_accord/items/5276.php

15 Thank you for your attention! Freek van Eijk Director Strategy & Public Affairs SITA/SUEZ Environnement tel