Country Profiles: BRAZIL

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1 19/set/2005-2a. aula Programa Interunidades Graduate Program de Pós-Graduação on Energyem - PPGE EnergiaInstitute Instituto of Electrotechnics de Eletrotécnicand e Energia Energy - IEE Universidade Universityde of São Paulo - USP Prof. Célio Bermann Understanding BRICS Through the Prism of Energy: ENE The 5714: Challenges Análise of Política Moving da Towards Questão Renewable Energética Energy Durban - South Africa 21st-23rd March 2013 Country Profiles: BRAZIL Célio Bermann Professor of the Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy - IEE UniversityofSão Paulo -USP

2 Fuel Shares of World Total Primary Energy Supply non-renewables: 86,8% renewables: 13,2% * Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc. Source: IEA - Key World Energy Statistics, 2012.

3 Figura Domestic 2: Oferta Energy Interna Supply: de Energia Brazil, no Brasil, ,3 millions toe (2% of world energy) Biomass Renewables: Brazil: 44,1% OECD: 7,8% World: 13,3% Oil and oil products Hydraulic and Electricity Natural Gas Uranium - U 3 O 8 Coal Biomass:?!?! Firewood: 9,7% Sugar cane products: 15,7% Others: 4,1% Source: MME-Resenha Energética Brasileira (Brazilian Energy Review), July 2012.

4 Figura Share3: ofdistribuição Domestic Energy da Oferta Supply Interna byde source: Energia segundo Brazil, a fonte Brasil, Carvão Coal and Mineral coal e Derivados products 5,6% Gás Natural Natural Gas 10,1% Uranium Urânio - U 3 O 8 1,5% Hidráulica Hydraulic and e Electricity Eletricidade 14,7 % Sugar Cane Derivados da canade-açúcar Products 15,7% Petróleo Oil and oil e Derivados products 38,6% Source: MME-Resenha Energética Brasileira, July Lenha Firewood e carvão and Charcoal vegetal 9,7% non-renewables: 55,8% renewables: 44,2%

5 Domestic Figura 4: Oferta Electricity Interna Supply: de Energia Brazil, Elétrica 2011 no Brasil, (% and 2011 TWh) (% e TWh). Wind Industrial Gas Biomass Oil products Coal Natural Gas Import Hydro TWh Total 568,6 Hydro 428,6 Natural Gas 26,2 Oil products 12,1 Nuclear 15,7 Coal 6,5 Biomass 32,2 Industrial Gas 8,9 Wind 2,7 Import 35,9 Renewables: Brazil: 87,81% OECD: 17,8% World: 19,5% Source: MME-Resenha Energética Brasileira (Brazilian Energy Review), July 2012.

6 External Energy Dependency in Brazil Source: MME-Brazilian Energy Review: preliminary results, July 2012

7 FOSSIL FUELS

8 Brazilian Fossil Fuels Reserves Source: MME/EPE (Energy Research Company). Brazilian Energy Balance 2012/year 2011, 2012.

9 Pre-Salt Oil Recovery Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Energia Instituto de Eletrotécnica e Energia - IEE Universidade de São Paulo - USP Prof. Célio Bermann ENE 5714: Análise Política da Questão Post-Salt Layer Energética Source: Petrobrás, Bears most of Brazil s reserves Campos Basin: 2,700-4,300m Salt Layer An irregular layer, the thickness of wich tanges from 1,000 to 2,000m Pre-Salt Layer Santos Basin: 7,000m 19/set/2005-2a. aula

10 Espírito Santo Basin Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Energia Instituto de Eletrotécnica e Energia - IEE Universidade de São Paulo - USP Prof. Célio Bermann ENE 5714: Análise Política da Questão Energética 19/set/2005-2a. aula 300 km Campos Basin 800 km Santos Basin Pre Salt Reserves Source: Petrobrás, 2008.

11 Programa Interunidades de Pós-Graduação em Energia Instituto de Eletrotécnica e Energia - IEE Universidade de São Paulo - USP Prof. Célio Bermann Pre-Salt Production (x 1,000 barrels/day ENE 5714: Análise Política da Questão Energética 19/set/2005-2a. aula Pre-Salt Petrobras Pre-Salt Partners Source: Petrobrás, 2008.

12 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021)

13 NUCLEAR

14 Nuclear Power in Brazil Plant Type Status Total MW(e) ANGRA 1 PWR in operation 626 ANGRA 2 PWR in operation 1229 ANGRA 3 PWR under construction 1245

15 Angra MW op. start: 07/21/2000 Angra MW op. start: 04/01/1982

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17 Maquete eletrônica de Angra III Fonte: Eletronuclear

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19 Number of Inhabitants Radius (km)

20 Nuclear Power Problems in Brazil Brazil has no contingency plan for evacuation of the city of Angra dos Reis if a problem similar to what happened at Japan s Fukushima plant were to occur. The Angra emergency plan establishes removal of the population a total of 15 thousand people in a 5 km radius from the plants, which is the minimum required by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The problem that the Fukushima accident highlighted: the dependence on pumping water in order to cool the reactor so as to prevent the fuel rods from melting. The electric transmission lines may knock down due to landslides, with a supply system failure, similar to what s happened at the Fukushima plants in Japan. Built near the shore, the plants also run the risk of landslides damaging auxiliary facilities, such as waste deposits.

21 Landslides in region of Angra dos Reis

22 Rio-Santos road and Angra dos Reis Nuclear Plants Region

23 Rio-Santos Road the only evacuation way

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25 HYDROPOWER

26 Hidropower in Brazil Current Installed Capacity: 83,436 MW (November/2012), wich represents only 34,3% of the brazilian total hidraulic potential (243.4 thousand MW) 63% of the potential to be explored is placed in Amazon Region (Basin of Madeira, Tocantins, Araguaia, Xingu and Tapajós rivers) 26 hydropower plants are planed or are under construction in Amazon Region - Santo Antonio and Jirau Dams (Madeira river) - Belo Monte Dam (Xingu river)

27 Source: MME/EPE - PDE 2021.

28 Still lifes in the artificial lake produced by Balbina hydroelectric plant, which flooded 2.6 thousand kilometers of native forests. Photo: Ed Ferreira/AE

29 Source: Glenn Switkes IRN, Available in: Climate/BalbinaJunglenewsFlickr.jpg

30 First Xingu River s Indigenous People Meeting (February 1989), in Altamira (PA).

31 STOP BELO MONTE DAM Source: Source:

32 Source: Xingu Riverside Settlement s Demonstration, June 2012

33 The towers of the Church of Itá (RS state), the first municipality fully covered by the waters of a dam

34 BIOMASS

35 Brazilian Electricity Production from Biomass by source Black Liquor Wood Biogas Rice Husk Sugar cane bagasse Source: ANEEL Banco de Informações de Geração, sugar plants: 9,3 GW

36 Sugar cane plantation fire in Araraquara region (São Paulo state). Photo: Andrew Allen in 'Unesp Ciência', February 2010.

37 Manual sugar cane harvest. Source: Caderno Copersucar, 1981.

38 Raw materials used for Biodiesel production in Brazil Soybean oil Livestock fat Cotton oil Other fatty materials Source: ANP (Brazilian Oil National Agency), October 2009.

39 Soybean Production in Brazil Amazon Tropical Rain Forest Source: CONAB, 2008.

40 Source: Soybean in Amazon forest Biodiesel from soybean in Amazon Source:

41 Source: Field Research, 09/26/2009. Biodiesel from soybean in Amazon Source:

42 WIND POWER

43 Windpower Potential in Brazil: 143,500 MW 272,2 TWh/year

44 Fator de capacidade eólico dos países Fonte: EIA 50% Wind Power- Capacity Factor around the World 45% Fator de capacidade (%) Capacity Factor (%) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Source: V. Lazzareschi(2012) according IEA, 2011.

45 Wind Power- Capacity Factor in Brazil: EstimatedX E nos mais recentes Real a história começa a a se repetir Capacity Factor (%) Estimated Source: ONS, 2010.

46 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021) Source: EPE/MME Brazilan Energy Plan (PDE 2021).

47 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021) Source: EPE/MME Brazilan Energy Plan (PDE 2021).

48 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021) Source: EPE/MME Brazilan Energy Plan (PDE 2021).

49 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021)

50 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021) Source: EPE/MME Brazilan Energy Plan (PDE 2021).

51 Brazilian Energy Plan 2021 (PDE 2021) Source: EPE/MME Brazilan Energy Plan (PDE 2021).

52 Electricity Consumption by Sector: Brazil 2011 SECTORS Electricity Consumption (on%) Energy sector 4,9 Mining/Pelletization 2,5 Agriculture and Livestock 4,5 Heavy Industry* 23,9 Light Industry 17,2 Transportation 0,4 Residential 23,3 Commercial/Services 15,4 Public 7,9 Total 100,0 480,12 TWh/year * Heavy Industry sector includes cement industries, pig-iron and steel, iron-alloys, non-ferrous/other metallurgical (aluminium), chemical, paper and pulp. Source: MME/EPE (Energy Research Company). Brazilian Energy Balance 2012/year 2011, Industry: 48,5% Brazil s GDP Growth Rate (estimated): 4,4% per year Electricity Consumption Rate: 5,7% per year

53 Prediction of the growth of production of minerals and primary goods in Brazil Iron ore: 319 Mt (2008) Steel: 33,7 Mt (2008) 52,6 Mt (2014) 72,3 Mt (2019) 585 Mt (2015) 795 Mt (2022) Mt (2030) Source: MME Mining National Plan Primary Aluminium: 1,66 Mt (2008) 1,67 Mt (2014) 2,54 Mt (2020) Ferro-alloys: 0,98 Mt (2008) Pulp: 12,7 Mt (2008) 1,49 Mt (2014) 19,4 Mt (2014) 2,06 Mt (2020) 28,0 Mt (2019) Source: EPE/MME Brazilian Energy Plan 2019 and 2020 (PDE2019 and PDE 2020).

54 These data confirm the way in which the Brazilian industrial production is entering in the international economy globalization process, limiting the role of mere exporter of low value-added commodities and high energy content.

55 Industrial Energy Intensity (toe/thousand US$ 2009) China Africa Australia Brazil Russia World United OECD Japan United Mexico States Kingdom Source:

56 Graduate Program on Energy - PPGE Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy - IEE University of São Paulo - USP THANK YOU!!! NGYABONGA!!! Contact: Prof. Celio Bermann Tel.: + 55 (11) cbermann@iee.usp.br