Introduction! Carnivorous and Parasitic Plants! Parasitic Plants! Ken Robertson! Illinois Natural History Survey!
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1 Carnivorous and Ken Robertson! Illinois Natural History Survey! In the normal scheme of things, plants are green and carry out photosynthesis, manufacturing their own food.! Animals take advantage of this and eat plants.! Introduction! Introduction! However, some plants eat the animals, obtaining part of their nutrition by trapping and digesting small animals.! Introduction! Other plants lack chlorophyll and are plant vampires,! obtaining all or part of their! nutrients and energy by being! parasitic on other plants.! Gary Larson, Precursor to The Far Side! Obtain all or part of their food, nutrients, or water from other living plants! The connection between the parasite and the host plant is the haustorium [plural = haustoria]!
2 Beechdrops! Only parasitizes roots of American beech, Fagus (Fagaceae)! Balanophora species (Balanophoraceae)! Epifagus virginiana (Orobanchaceae)! Squaw- or cancer-root! Only parasitizes roots of oaks, Quercus (Fagaceae)! Broomrape! No host specificity! Conopholis americana (Orobanchaceae)! Orobanche uniflora (Orobanchaceae)! Dodder! Rafflesia, corpse flower! World s largest flower! Endophyte inside a vine,! except for flower! Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae)! Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae)!
3 Mistletoes! Mistletoes! Viscum album and Phoradendron leucacarpum (Viscaceae)! Viscum album and Phoradendron leucacarpum (Viscaceae)! Dwarf mistletoes! Mistletoes! Arceuthobium! (Viscaceae)! Viscum minimum (Viscaceae), occurs as in endophyte in South African succulent Euphoriaceae; there is a plant in the Plant Biology greenhouses!! Showy mistletoes! Hyperparasite parasitic on other parasites!! Psittacanthus (Loranthaceae)! Phoradendron scabberimum on P. longifolium (Viscaceae)!
4 Bastard toadflax! Sandalwood! Comandra umbellata (Santalaceae)! Santalum album (Santalaceae)! Indian paintbrush! Lousewort or wood betony! Castilleja coccinea (Scrophulariaceae)! Pedicularis canadensis (Scrophulariaceae)! Saprophytic Plants! Lack chlorophyll, seemingly derive their nutrition from decaying organic matter. They actually are parasitic on a fungus, which in turn breaks down rotting leaves and wood; in some cases the fungus can even parasitic on the roots of forest trees.! Indian pipe! Pedicularis canadensis (Scrophulariaceae)! Monotropa uniflora (Ericaceae)!
5 Saprophytic Plants! Coral-root orchids! Saprophytic Plants! In 1928, Jack Trott had bent to investigate an odd crack that had appeared in his garden's soil, and had noticed a sweet smell that arose from the ground. Scraping away the soil, he soon uncovered a tiny white flower, about half an inch across, growing underground.! Corallorhiza species (Orchidaceae)! Rhizanthella gardneri (Orchidaceae)! Saprophytic Plants! Rhizanthella gardneri (Orchidaceae) Underground orchid! Western Australia! For More Information! See the links on IB335 webpage! Audrey Two, Little Shop of Horrors! Gary Larson, Far Side! Sarracenia (Sarraceniaceae)! 8 species of eastern North America, mostly in the Southeast!
6 Sarracenia purpurea! S. flava! S. minor! S. leucophylla! Sarracenia (Sarraceniaceae)! Darlingtonia californica (Sarraceniaceae)! Pitcher Plants of South America! Pitcher Plants of Asia! Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae), 16 species of table-top mountins in Guiana Highlands of Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil! Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae), species! Old World Tropics!
7 Pitcher Plants of Asia! Sundews! Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)! Drosera (Droseraceae), species! Sundews! Venus Flytrap! Drosera (Droseraceae)! Dionaea muscipila (Droseraceae)! Venus Flytrap! Butterworts! Dionaea muscipila (Droseraceae)! Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) Widespread!
8 Bladderworts! For More Information! Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae)!
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