Name: Date: the upper south, and blockading confederate ports. Page 1

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1 Name: Date: 1. Which of the following courses of action did President Abraham Lincoln favor at the beginning of the Civil War? A) Postponing military action as long as possible. B) Making the Civil War about ending slavery. C) Long-term enlistments for Union soldiers. D) Quick military action (i.e. a rattlesnake-like military strike) against the Confederate States of America show the folly of secession. E) Driving down the Mississippi and taking Vicksburg before driving on to Mobile, occupying the upper south, and blockading confederate ports. 2. Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would A) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond. B) bring an end to slavery. C) destroy the economy of the South. D) pull the Border states out of the Confederacy. E) all of the above. 3. Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam. A) B, C, A, D B) D, B, C, A C) C, A, D, B D) A, B, D, C E) A, D, B, C 4. The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861 A) shattered the short war illusion. B) reduced the number of Confederate deserters. C) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be. D) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict. E) forced Lincoln to flee Washington. Page 1

2 5. In the Civil War, the South won the battle of A) Vicksburg. B) Chancellorsville. C) Gettysburg. D) Atlanta. E) Gettysburg 6. George B. McClellan is traditionally described as A) disliked by his own men. B) aggressive. C) cautious. D) ahead of his class in his understanding of modern warfare. E) a great strategist. 7. After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of A) taking too many risks. B) over relying on Lincoln's military judgment. C) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops. D) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle. E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him. 8. After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except A) cutting the Confederacy in half. B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas. C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline. D) liberating the slaves. E) bypassing the Confederate capital at Richmond. 9. The final Union war strategy included all the following components except A) guerrilla warfare. B) a naval blockade. C) undermining the Confederate economy. D) seizing control of the Mississippi River. E) capturing Richmond. Page 2

3 10. Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because A) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war. B) the British government clearly supported the Union. C) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade. D) profits were not high enough to justify the risk. E) the blockade did not cut off cotton shipments. 11. The most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from A) British navy vessels on loan to the South. B) swift blockade-running steamers. C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors. D) the sinking of the Union's Monitor. E) the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia). 12. After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan A) retired from the military. B) moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg. C) was appointed to the command of General in Chief. D) marched his army toward Atlanta. E) was removed from his field command. 13. One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was A) Europe's refusal to help the South before the battle. B) the Union's discovery of Robert E. Lee's battle plans. C) Lincoln's removal of General McClellan from his command. D) the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time. E) the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle. 14. The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville. B) Bull Run and Vicksburg. C) Gettysburg and Antietam. D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg. E) Mobile and Missionary Ridge. Page 3

4 15. The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners. B) ended Lee's plan of invading the North. C) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. D) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln. E) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy. 16. The North's victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation. B) seek military assistance from Great Britain. C) force the Border States to remain in the Union. D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces. E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North. 17. The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of I) Undermining Rebel logistics by striking at the heart of the rebellion. II) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union. III) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election. IV) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies. V) weakening Confederate morale. A) All of the above B) I and II only C) I, II, and IV D) I, IV, and V E) I only 18. When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free A) only those slaves in the Border States. B) All slaves henceforth and forevermore C) only those slaves in United States territories. D) only those slaves in states still in rebellion against the United States. E) only those slaves in areas controlled by the Union army. 19. All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except A) mounting opposition in the North to an abolition war. B) Escalation in the level of violence in what became a race war. C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration. D) the disappearance of European working-class support for the Union. E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough. Page 4

5 20. The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because A) the war ended shortly thereafter. B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in C) the Union had uncovered the Confederates' battle plans wrapped around cigars. D) it was decided so quickly. E) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed. 21. The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade. B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost. C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation. D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana. E) all of the above. 22. One consequence of General William T. Sherman's style of warfare was A) a longer war. B) the loss of more lives. C) fewer desertions on the Confederate side. D) southern resignation to defeat. E) a shorter war that saved lives. 23. The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the A) Northern Peace Democrats. B) Radical Republicans. C) Northern War Democrats. D) Union Party. E) African Americans. 24. Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was derisively labeled a A) Carpetbagger. B) Contraband. C) Copperhead. D) Doughface. E) Fire Eater Page 5

6 25. In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated to oppose Lincoln's reelection. A) George McClellan B) Ulysses S. Grant C) Andrew Johnson D) Clement C. Vallandigham E) Horace Greeley 26. The Union army's victory in the capture of was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in A) Gettysburg B) Richmond C) Vicksburg D) Antietam E) Atlanta 27. General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved A) attacking the enemy one army at a time. B) striking tactically from the flanks. C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly. D) extensive use of interior line defense. E) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege. 28. Why was the Confederacy defeated? A) The complete and utter destruction of Confederate logistics (i.e. a war of attrition). B) Rebel forces (namely the Army of Northern Virginia under Lee) were militarily defeated. C) Class tensions created by the impression this was a rich man s war but a poor man s fight. D) Widespread demoralization, war weariness, and exhaustion in the South. E) States rights obstructionism. AB) All of the above. Page 6

7 29. Which of the following WAS NOT a part of Lincoln s view of military strategy/operations? A) The occupation of key/strategic Rebel territory B) Bring Union superiority in numbers to bear by advancing on two or more fronts simultaneously that is, move all the armies at once on the enemy s whole line. C) Go after enemy armies and attack them where they were for the purpose of destroying or substantially hurting them. D) Exploit the opportunities provided by enemy offensives by moving rapidly to trap them i.e. block their routes of retreat and force them to fight at a disadvantage far from their base(s) of operation. E) The elimination of excessive baggage/supply trains during military operations/ offensives/campaigns in order to travel light as well as to destroy enemy logistics by foraging off the land while in hostile territory. 30. Which of the following WAS NOT a border state? A) Kentucky B) Tennessee C) Missouri D) Maryland E) Delaware 31. What was the MAIN reason why the Confederacy was defeated and/or lost the war? A) Robert E. Lee s parochial Virginia-centric view of the war B) Failure of the Southern Lobby to persuade England to declare the Union blockade illegal C) Inability of Davis and Lee to agree on a coherent strategy (i.e. emphasis on either an active defensive vs a passive defensive strategy) D) Confederate miscalculation in imposing a cotton embargo E) Union strength the Confederacy was militarily defeated (i.e. defeat caused defeatism and not vice versa) 32. Which of the following WAS NOT a way in which the Confederate States viewed the war? A) The War of Northern Aggression B) The War Between the States C) The War of Southern Independence D) The War of the Rebellion E) All of the above Page 7

8 33. When/how was Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation connected to the Declaration of Independence? A) Lincoln s First Inaugural Address B) Lincoln s Address before a special joint session of Congress on July 4, 1861 C) Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address D) The Gettysburg Address 34. What was the first battle of the Civil War? A) The Battle of First Manassas/First Bull Run B) The attack on Fort Sumter C) Shiloh D) The siege of Vicksburg E) Gettysburg 35. What did John Merryman and Lambdin Milligan base their appeals on upon their convictions by military courts (i.e. what were they petitioning the appellate court for)? A) Writ of habeas corpus B) Writ of certiorari C) Writ of Mandamus D) An official pardon E) Clemency (i.e. leniency) 36. Which of the following roles/functions/responsibilities DID NOT make Lincoln responsible for shaping, defining, and articulating national strategy/policy? A) Chief Agenda Setter/Chief Legislator B) Head of State C) Party Leader D) Commander in Chief 37. What methods did Lincoln use to mobilize the mass citizen population of the United States? A. Land Grants and other bounties to encourage voluntary enlistments B. Military patronage as an incentive/reward for the allegiance and cooperative efforts of prominent political, ethnic, and business leaders in rallying support for the war and in convincing people to volunteer for the mass citizen army. C. The enlistment and recruitment of freedmen and (after the Emancipation Proclamation) fugitive/runaway/emancipated slaves. D. Offerings of substitute payments and commutation fees that enabled both opportunities for conscripts to evade military service as well as incentives/opportunities for volunteers to enlist. E. All of the above Page 8

9 38. What was the one issue or component of Union national strategy that crossed the line and became policy? A) Mobilization (that is, the raising, organizing, and sustaining of an armed forces) B) Preventing foreign intervention in the conflict C) Maintaining public support D) Preserving the Union as one nation, indivisible and a republic E) The emancipation of rebel slaves 39. Which of the following factors contributed to the capture of Vicksburg? A) A series of victories under Grant over the main rebel force at Champion Hill and a rearguard force at the Big Black River. B) Willingness of the various branches of the Union armed forces to cooperate (joint warfare) C) Lee s offensive operations in Pennsylvania leading up to Gettysburg D) Grant s willingness to live off the land during the campaign E) All of the above Matching: Distinguish between (A) First Order functions and (B) Second Order functions of a wartime Commander in Chief 40. The enlistment of soldiers through drafting/conscription. A 41. The practice of military patronage A 42. Maintaining support for the war by building a wartime coalition. B 43. The development/direction of military strategy. A 44. The development/direction of military operations. A 45. The suppression dissent and anti-war activities. B Page 9

10 Matching: Correctly categorize as part of Union policy, national strategy, military strategy, or military operations by matching each number with its appropriate letter. A. Policy B. National Strategy C. Military Strategy D. Military Operations 46. Prevent foreign countries from intervening in the conflict (i.e. make certain it remains an internal political conflict Civil War). B 47. Mobilize the economic, political, psychological, diplomatic, and military resources of the United States. B 48. Preserve the Union as one nation, indivisible, and as a republic. A 49. The blockade of Confederate ports. B 50. The destruction of Rebel armies. C 51. Exploit the Union s numerical superiority by pressuring the Confederate States of America at multiple points simultaneously (i.e concentrate in time) to counteract the Confederacy s use of interior lines and its advantage of a concentration in space. C Categorizing information: I. Label the following as either (A) a Union advantage, strength, or asset OR (B) a Confederate advantage, strength, or asset. 52. Resources (A) 53. Modern weaponry, such as rifled firepower and artillery (B) 54. A majority of the nation s elite generals (generalship) (B) 55. Industrial capacity (A) 56. Manpower (including slaves) (A) 57. Well established financial systems (A) 58. Infrastructure (railroad/telegraph system) and logistics (A) 59. The use of interior lines (B) 60. Goal of not losing as opposed to having to win (B) True (A) or False (B): 61. Pockets of Unionism existed within the 11 Confederate States, especially in the Appalachian Mountains. (T) Page 10

11 62. Far from being a reason for defeat, the strength of Confederate nationalism explains why most Southerners fought as long and hard as they did. (T) 63. Abraham Lincoln was a natural strategist. (F) 64. As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign the Union turned to a strategy of total war (T) 65. When Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, the last Rebel army in the field was defeated. (F) 66. Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the Emancipation Proclamation. (F) 67. The Confederacy only belatedly enlisted slaves into their army. (T) Word Bank Matching A) George B. McClellan B) Trent Affair C) Lambdin Milligan D) John Merryman E) Clement Vallandigham AB) Fire Eaters AC) Copperheads 68. Those members of the Northern Democratic Party who most vehemently opposed Republican Civil War policies and who advocated a cease fire so that restoration of the Union could proceed through peaceful negotiations. (Copperheads) 69. He was taken into custody in Indiana along with four other individuals on charges of conspiring to steal weapons and liberate Confederate soldiers presently detained in Union p.o.w. camps. He was subsequently tried and convicted (along with his four co conspirators) in a military court and sentenced with execution. (Milligan) Page 11

12 70. A radical Southern secessionist in the years before the Civil War. (Fire Eaters) 71. A well to do Maryland landholder who was arrested on May 25, 1861 on charges of accepting a commission of lieutenant in a secessionist cavalry company formed for the purpose of engaging in armed insurrection and other alleged hostile actions against the authority of the United States (i.e. various acts of treason), namely, the destruction of telegraph lines and of being in communication with the rebels. He was convicted by a military court and sentenced to detention at Fort McHenry in Baltimore, MD. (Merryman) 72. U.S. Army officer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War ( ). McClellan organized the Army of the Potomac in 1861 and briefly served as general in chief of the Union Army. McClellan was well liked by his men, but his reticence to attack the Confederacy with the full force of his army despite a significant numerical advantage put him at odds with President Abraham Lincoln. In 1862, McClellan s Peninsula Campaign unraveled after the Seven Days Battles, and he also failed to decisively defeat Robert E. Lee s Confederate Army at the Battle of Antietam later that year. Frustrated by McClellan s overly cautious tactics, Lincoln removed him from command of the Army of the Potomac in late (McClellan) 73. An international incident that occurred during the Civil War when the United States seized two Confederate diplomats, dispatched by Jefferson Davis on a mission to generate support in Europe, aboard a British mail packet RMS Trent. After being captured by the Union on November 8, 1861, the two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell, arrived at Fort Warren in the heart of Boston Harbor on November 24 to be incarcerated. The British, outraged that one of their ships had been boarded by Union troops, put their fleet on notice, and demanded that the two Confederate commissioners be released from Fort Warren. The British rattled sabers, and the crisis began to boil. Fearing a rift with the British, President Lincoln eventually acquiesced, releasing Mason and Slidell on New Year s Day in The pair left Fort Warren on a tug bound for Provincetown to be transferred to a British man of war. Trent Affair Page 12

13 74. A former three term U.S. Representative from Ohio, described as a virulent racist and enthusiastic backer of slavery. While a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, he denounced the Union cause and voted against every single bill for the support of the armed forces. After losing his re election bid in 1862, he became an outspoken Copperhead leader in Ohio. He was arrested for disobeying an order (General Order Number Thirty Eight) issued by Ambrose Burnside, the commanding officer of the Department of the Ohio, and because he had a habit of declaring sympathies for the enemy. His arrest occurred after he delivered a public address on May 1, 1863 denouncing King Lincoln and calling for Lincoln s impeachment and for claiming the war was not worth fighting since it was not for the Union but for the freedom of the slaves. He was subsequently tried and convicted by a military tribunal, which subsequently sentenced him to military prison for the remainder of the war. Specifically, the military court convicted him of uttering disloyal sentiments and opinions, with the object and purpose of weakening the power of the Government [to suppress] an unlawful rebellion. The Supreme Court ultimately denied his petition for a writ of certiorari on the grounds that it lacked jurisdiction over military courts. Lincoln ultimately commuted his sentence to banishment to the Confederacy. (Vallandigham) Page 13