Piccadilly Catania. Workbook. Gruppo Elementary

Transcription

1 Piccadilly Catania Workbook Gruppo Elementary

2 Welcome to Piccadilly Catania English courses! This is your student workbook that you will need to bring to every lesson. We hope you enjoy the course and would like to thank you for choosing Piccadilly. Piccadilly - where English is just one stop away Piccadilly Catania Contents: 1. Alphabet, Numbers and Days page 3 2. Greetings, Introducing yourself page 5 3. Months, Dates, Seasons page 8 Expressions of time Past Simple 4. What did you do? page 17 Past Simple in use 5. Auxiliaries, Present simple page Hobbies and Free time page 25 Questions and negatives be and auxiliary verbs Do you like.? 7. Present continuous page Using the Present continuous page Articles and Prepositions of place page What are your plans? page 43 Using the Future 11. Futures page Daily Routines page Spoken English Understanding native speakers 14. Pronunciation workshop 15. Prepositions of time page Conversation 17. Present Perfect page For and Since with the Present Perfect page Recap 20. Recap

3 .Reading material page 68.Irregular verbs page THE ENGLISH ALPHABET Letter Letter name Pronunciation A a /eɪ/ B bee /biː/ C cee /siː/ D dee /diː/ E e /iː/ F ef (eff as a verb) /ɛf/ G gee /dʒiː/ H aitch /eɪtʃ/ haitch /heɪtʃ/ I i /aɪ/ J jay /dʒeɪ/ jy /dʒaɪ/ K kay /keɪ/ L el or ell /ɛl/ M em /ɛm/ N en /ɛn/ O o /oʊ/ P pee /piː/ Q cue /kjuː/ R ar /ɑr/ S ess (es-) /ɛs/ T tee /tiː/ U u /juː/ V vee /viː/ W double-u /ˈdʌbəl.juː/ X ex /ɛks/ Y wy or wye /waɪ/ Z zed /zɛd/ zee /ziː/ izzard /ˈɪzərd/

4 ENGLISH NUMERALS 0 zero (nought) 10 ten 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty (no "u") 5 five 15 fifteen (note "f", not "v") 50 fifty (note "f", not "v") 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen (only one "t") 80 eighty (only one "t") 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety (note the "e") 21 twenty-one 900 nine hundred 25 twenty-five 1,000 one thousand 32 thirty-two 2,000 two thousand 58 fifty-eight 10,000 ten thousand 64 sixty-four 11,000 eleven thousand 79 seventy-nine 20,000 twenty thousand 83 eighty-three 21,000 twenty-one thousand 99 ninety-nine 30,000 thirty thousand 100 one hundred 85,000 eighty-five thousand 200 two hundred 100,000 one hundred thousand 999,000 nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand 1,000,000 one million 10,000,000 ten million 1,000,000,000 One billion DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday i.e. On Manday I am going to a party.

5 Greetings Introductions Jobs About me Inthissectionyouwilllearnhowtointroduceyourself,learnhowtogreet peopleandaskandanswerquestionsaboutothersandyourself. Hello! ismore formal Hi! isinformal Greetingswithpartsoftheday Pleasenotetheseareformal: GoodMorning fromthestartofthemorningtomidday GoodAfternoon frommidday GoodEvening from5pm GoodNight beforeyougotobed Goodbye ismoreformal Bye! ismoreinformal Seeyoulater ismoreinformal Seeyousoon ismore informal Nicetomeetyou/Pleasedtomeetyou Howareyou? bothformalandinformal Howisitgoing? moreinformal Howareyoudoing? Mynameis I m (andthisis ) I mfinethanks,andyou? It sgoingok I mdoingwellthankyou Whereareyoufrom? Howoldareyou? Whatdoyoudo? I mfrom /I m I m yearsold I ma. Student Lawyer Doctor/Intern ShopAssistant Secretary Waiter/Waitress Nurse Actor/Actress

6 1. Match the phrases below. One phrase has been completed for you. Howareyou? I mfromcanada Howoldareyou? It sgoingok Whatisyourname? I m26yearsold Whatdoyoudo? I mfinethanks How sitgoing? Pleasedtomeetyoutoo Whereareyoufrom? MynameisStephen Nicetomeetyou I madoctor. 2. Interview two people from your class. Write their information below: Name: Name: Age: Age: From: From: Job: Job: 3. Read the following conversation between three people: Mark:Hi!What syourname? Maria:I mmariaandthisislucy.what syourname? Mark:MynameisMark.So whereareyoufrom? Maria:I mfromcatania Lucy:AndI mfromaustralia.what about you? Mark:IwasborninGermanybutIliveinSyracuse.Whatdoyoudo? Lucy:I manurse Maria:AndI manitalianteacher.whatdoyoudomark? Mark:I mascientist.anyway,pleasedtomeetyou. LucyandMaria:Nicetomeetyoutoo!

7 4. Fill in the table below: Name From Job Mark Australia ItalianTeacher Istheconversationformalorinformal? 6. New Expressions So What about you? Anyway Read the following conversation between two people: David:GoodMorning Jenny:Hello!IwanttodoanEnglishcourseplease David:OK whatisyournameplease? Jenny:JennySmith J E N N YS M I T H David:Thankyou.AndhowoldareyouJenny? Jenny:I m16.doyouhaveeveningclasses? David:Yes.Youcanstarttomorrowifyouwant? Jenny.Great!Thankyou.Goodbye! David:Goodbye! 7. Questions WhatdidJennywant? Whendoesshewanttodothecourses? Istheconversationformalorinformal? 8. Homework Writeashortpresentation AboutMe.

8 3. Months January February March April May June July August September October November December i.e. In January it usually snows Seasons Winter Spring Summer Autumn i.e. In the Summer I go to the beach every day Dates In 2012 Juventus won the Italian league In lingua inglese gli anni vengono pronunciati due cifre alla volta. i.e nineteen ninety-five Tuttavia nel caso di anni compresi tra inizio secolo e i nove anni successivi si pronuncia la migliaia seguita da and e l'ultimo numero. i.e two thousand and one 2002 two thousand and two Inoltre nel caso di una data completa (giorno, mese e anno) la preposizione cambia In 25 th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league On 25 th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league

9 *Nonostante le date complete vengano pronunciate mettendo the davanti al giorno (in questo caso: on the 25 th August 2012 Juventus won the Italian league), nella forma scritta il the viene omesso. Expressions of time Past Present Future yesterday today tomorrow last week this week next week an hour ago now in an hour recently as we speak soon a little while ago at this moment in the near future a long time ago these days way off in the future in the past nowadays eventually this morning at this time later this evening

10 . IL PAST SIMPLE Verbi regolari Il Past Simple dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo ed all infinito senza to. Con I verbi terminanti in esi aggiunge solo d. I enjoyed thefilm. (da enjoy) Il film mi è piaciuto I loved themusic (da love) La musica mi è piaciuta molto. La forma del Past Simple è la stessa per tutte le persone FI loved, you loved, heloved, ecc.+ Ortografia I verbi in y preceduta da consonante cambiano y in ied: Try Tried Cry Cried I verbi che terminano con una sola consonante preceduta da una sola vocale accentata raddoppiano la consonante finale: Regret Regretted Fit Fitted Stop Stopped Verbi irregolari Alcuni esempi: Past Simple Participio Passato Eat FMangiare+ Ate Eaten Drink FBere+ Drank Drunk WakeFSvegliare/Svegliarsi+ Woke Woken I paradigmi dei verbi irregolari si imparano con lo studio e con l uso. Forme interrogative Le forme interrogative si formano con did + soggetto + infinito senza to

11 Did you enjoy the film? Did you drink all the milk? Ti/Vi è piaciuto il film? Hai/Avete bevuto tutto il latte? What did you do yesterday? Why did she leave? Che cosa hai/avete fatto ieri? Perché è partita/se ne è andata? Non si usa did quando Who/What ecc. Fungono da soggetto. Who phoned? Chi ha telefonato? Forme negative Le forme negative si formano con did not e l infinito senza to. Nel parlato e nei testi scritti informali did not si contrae in didn t. The coat didn t fit me. Carol didn t eat very much. Il cappotto non mi andava bene. Carol non ha mangiato molto. Il verbo be è irregolare. Il paradigma è: be (infinito) was/were (Past Simple) been (participio passato). Le voci del Past Simple sono: Forma affermativa: I/he/she/it was You/we/they/were Forma negativa: I/he/she/it was not (wasn t) you/we/they were not (weren t) Forma interrogativa: Was I/he/she/it? Were you/we/they? It was very cold last Sunday. Era/E stato molto freddo domenica scorsa. Where were you yesterday afternoon? Dov eri/dove sei stato ieri pomeriggio? Il verbo have è irregolare. Il paradigma è: have (infinito) had (Past Simple) had (participio passato). Di solito non si usa got nel Past Simple. Ann had a car when she was a student. Ann aveva la macchina quando era studentessa Did you write the report yesterday? Non, I didn t have time. Hai scritto la relazione ieri? No. Non ho avuto tempo. What time did you have supper last night? A che ora hai/avete cenato ieri sera?

12 Il Past Simple: Significato Il Past Simple descrive azioni, situazioni o stati determinati nel passato. Puo essere accompagnato da un complemento che indica un tempo c I enjoyed the film we saw last night. Mi è piaciuto il film che abbiamo visto ieri sera. We listened to some new CDs yesterday afternoon. Abbiamo ascoltato dei CD nuovi ieri pomeriggio. Il Past Simple descrive anche azioni abituali del passato. In tal case, si traduce con l imperfetto. Every day we got up early and went to the beach. Ogni giorno ci alzavamo presto e andavamo alla spiaggia.

13 Esercizi 1 Completa ogni frase con il Past Simple del verbo tra parentesi a) Tom (look)... out of the window. b) We (take)... the bus from the airport to the city centre. c) Laura (read)... the book all afternoon. d) Kate (close)... all the windows and doors. e) Sam (live)... in a cottage in the country. f) An old friend (come)... to see me yesterday. g) I (see)... an interesting film last night. h) Sue (wait)... for her friends for more than an hour. i) Ruth (bring)... her sister to my party. j) The bus (stop)... opposite the school. 2 A partire da ogni affermazione scrivi una domanda. a) Tim wrote a lot. (Tim)...? b) Sam got up early. (Sam)...? c) Helen wanted to make a phone call. (Helen)...? d) Paul found the missing money. (Paul)...? e) Bill missed the bus. (Bill)...? f) George ate a sandwich. (George)...? g) Jim opened the window. (Jim)...? h) Emma helped the teacher. (Emma)...? i) Alice won a prize. (Alice)......? j) Robert enjoyed the film. (Robert)...? 3 Completa le frasi con il Past Simple di be o have. Usa le parole tra parentesi a) Lord Nelson... a famous English admiral.

14 b) What (you)... for breakfast this morning? c) I (not)... many toys when I... a child. d) (you)... at home yesterday evening? e) The party... super. We... a lot of fun. f) Mother (not)... very happy with my school report. g) Rod... an accident yesterday. h) We... in the park when it started to rain. i) There (not)... many people at the conference. j) I liked that shirt, but I (not)... enough money to buy it. 4 Usa la forma negativa di ciascuno dei verbi elencati per scrivere una frase che abbia lo stesso significato della prima Close fit forget get up like miss pass sit down stop win a) David caught the train.... b) Paula remembered her homework.... c) The lesson continued.... d) John opened the door.... e) Jean failed the French exam.... f) Tim's new trousers were too big....

15 g) Terry stayed in bed.... h) Karen hated Chinese food.... i) Chris's team lost the match.... j) I stood up on the bus all the way home Trova gli errori nelle forme verbali e scrivi le frasi corrette a) Where did you went last night?... b) I didn't knew the answer.... c) Sue maked a lot of noise.... d) I didn't liked my new teacher.... e) Took you your medicine?... f) Helen comed home late last night.... g) I didn't got up early this morning.... h) What did you saw at the cinema...?

16 6 Compleata le frasi con il Past Simple dei verbi tra parentesi a) When (you, arrive)..... in this country? b) Jack (not turn on) the television. c) Pat (leave)... his coat in the hall. d) How many pages (you write)...? e) What (the teacher say)...? f) (you tell)... Tim the answer? g) (you go)... to the basketball match yesterday? h) Ann (not know)... the other girl's name. i) Which books (you take)... to school? j) (Jane phone)... you last night?

17 Holidays ThePastSimpleinUse KeyExpressions Lastyear/month/week In+year/month Thesummerholidays Themountains Holidayhouse Iwentbymyself/withmy family/friends Museums Itrained/Itwassunny/Itwas cloudy Ihada great/good/average/terribletime! Yesterday Iwentto Thebeach Acampingholiday Agroup/familyholiday Itwas fantastic/terrible/hot/cold/exciting/boring Onthefirstday Inthemorning/afternoon/evening Atnight Ienjoyedit/myself Ihatedit! Spend+time For day(s)/week(s)/month(s) Read the example below and then describe your last holiday Giovanni: LastyearinJulyIwenttoParis.Iwentwithmyfamilytovisitsomemuseums andtovisitmysisterwholivesthere. Onthefirstdayitrained,butitdidn t matterbecausewevisitedthelouvre.itwasenormous!wespentalldaythere, andintheeveningwewenttoarestaurantinthecitycentre.iatecoqauvin, whichisatypicalfrench dish. Ihadagreattime! WheredidGiovannigoonholiday? Whodidhegowith? Inline2,whatdoes there referto? Whatdoyouthinkdishmeans? Now describe your last holiday. Remember to keep your phrases short! Ask your partner where he/she went on his/her holiday using the questions below. Write their answers in the spaces provided: Wheredidyougo? Whodidyougowith? Howlongdidyougofor? Whatdidyoudo? Didyouenjoyit?

18 Readthefollowextractsanddecidewhichhotelstheywentto. Julian: Lastyear,IwenttoSpaintorelaxonthebeach.Iwentbymyself,butImetmy friendswholivethere.thehotelwasfantastic,ithadaswimmingpoolandwifi inmyroom.thestaffwerereallygreatandtheyspokeinenglishsoicould understand them. Anna: InSeptemberIwentonagroupholidaytoMorocco.Thehotelwasreallycheap andfullofyoungpeople.thehotelhelpedusbookahikingtourintheatlas Mountainsandgaveus informationaboutthecity.wehada really greattime. Emma: Iremembermyholiday.Itwasin1998andIwentbymyselftoLondon.Iwanted topracticemyenglishandiwantedtostayinacheapplacewhereicouldmeet people.thehotelwasreallydirty,andthefoodwasterrible.theweatherwas OK,butitwasnothotlikeitisinSicily.Ihadaterribletime! Joshua: InthesummerholidaysIwenttoAustraliawithmyfamilyforamonth.Thehotel wasdisappointing,thewebsitesaidtheyhadinternetaccessbutwhenwe arriveditwasbroken.onthewebsite,thehotelsaidtheroomswere spacious butwhenwegottheretheyweretiny!intheendwechangedourhotelandhad agoodtime. 1. Doyouwanta cheap place tostayintheuk?cometothehotelritssin Londonwhereyou don t have to spendalotofmoneytovisitthecity. Wehavelotsofclientssoyoucanmeetnewpeople.Youcanenjoyour traditionalbritishcuisineandsleepinourtidyrooms. 2. Atourfourstarresidenceonthebeachyoucanenjoyfreewifiinyour bedroomandourbeautifulswimmingpool.allourstaffspeakenglishand canhelpyouwithanything fromhikingtobiking!give us a call! 3. Doyouwantaplacenearthebeachwhereyoucanrelaxandsurf the net? Searchforusontheinternet OzHotel,whereyoucansleepinour spaciousandwell designedrooms. 4. Ifyouareastudent,book aroominouryouthhostel.ourstaffwillgive youinformationaboutthecityandcanbookyourhikingtourinthe nearby mountains.ifyouareonagroupholiday,thisistheperfectplace foryou!

19 Auxiliaries (Verbi Ausiliari) In lingua inglese I verbi ausiliari hanno le seguenti proprietà. Formano le frasi negative al presente e al passato senza l'aggiunta di don't, doesn't e didn't i.e. She isn't a bad person I wasn't happy Formano le frasi interrogative al presente e al passato senza l'aggiunta di do, does e did i.e. Are you ready? Can you swim? Were you there? Per formare il presente e il passato hanno generalmente delle forme proprie i.e. John is tall Mike had a dog when I was a child

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21 La forma negativa si costruisce con do not e il verbo all'infinito senza to. Alla terza persona singolare si usa does not nello stesso modo. I do not work she does not work Io non lavoro lei non lavora Nel parlato e nei testi scritti informali si usano le forme contratte don't e doesn't. I don't work she doesn't work Quando si usa? Realtà che sono sempre vere/ verità assolute The sun rises in the east Il sole sorge a est. Azioni abituali Every day I wake up at 7.30 Ogni mattina mi alzo alle 7:30.

22 IL PRESENTE (PRESENT SIMPLE) forma3interrogativa LeCformeCinterrogativeCdelCPresentCSimpleCsiCcostruisconoCconCdo3seguitoCdalCsoggettoCe dalcverbocall'infinitocsenzacto.3allacterzacpersonacsicusacdoes3invece: Do you3work?3 Does he3work? Forma3interrogativa3negativa: Don't you3work? Doesn't he3work? SiCusaCdo/does anchecnellecdomandecchecinizianocconcwhen,3what,3why,3where,3how etc...: What do you3want?3 Where does she3live? Tuttavia,CseCWho/What etc..cfungonocdacsoggettocnoncsicusacdo/does: Who lives here?3 Which of you speaks English? Quando usiamo il Present Simple? PerCesprimereCazioniCabituali Every3day3I3get up at37:303am. PerCesprimereCunaCveritàCassoluta The3sun3rises in3the3east PerCcomunicareCfattiCpersonali John3loves ice-cream. ConCilCPresentCsimpleCsiCusanoCspessoCgliCavverbiCdiCfrequenza:

23 always--> I always get up at 7:00. often--> Pat often goes to the cinema. usually --> It usually rains when I go on holiday! sometimes--> We sometimes eat pizza for lunch. rarely --> Jane rarely listens to jazz. never --> My bus never arrives on time. Il verbo have, spesso seguito da got, corrisponde al verbo avere in italiano con accezione di possesso: Forma affermativa: I/you/we/they have (got) he/she/it has (got) Forma negativa: I/you/we/they haven't (got) he/she/it has't (got) Forma interrogativa: have I/you/we/they (got)? Has he/she/it (got)? Secondo le regole del British English, come riportato quì sopra, essendo have un verbo ausiliare come be non necessita nella costruzione di negative e interrogative di do e does tuttavia nell'inglese americano il verbo have viene usato come un verbo qualunque e usa per tanto do e does nelle negative e nelle interrogative. *Nota Bene: il verbo have è ausiliare solo quando esprime possesso! Esempio: I haven't a car --> possesso I don't usually have lunch --> uso particolare (fare colazione) Exercises Put the verbs into the correct form.

24 1. I (to like) lemonade very much. 2. The girls always (to listen) to pop music. 3. Janet never (to wear) jeans. 4. Mr Smith (to teach) Spanish and French. 5. You (to do) your homework after school. Simple present with 'have' and 'be' Fill in the correct form of the verbs. 1. We (to have) a nice garden. 2. She (to be) six years old. 3. Simon (to have) two rabbits and five goldfish. 4. I (to be) from Vienna, Austria. 5. They (to be) Sandy's parents. Negative Sentences Make negative sentences. 1. My father makes breakfast. 2. They are eleven. 3. She writes a letter. 4. I speak Italian. 5. Danny phones his father on Sundays. Questions Make questions. 1. you / to speak / English 2. when / he / to go / home 3. they / to clean / the bathroom 4. where / she / to ride / her bike 5. Billy / to work / in the supermarket

25 Daily Routines and Free Time Key Vocabulary Wakeup/Getup 0800 Eighto clock HaveBreakfast 0830 Eightthirty Haveashower/bath 0915 Ninefifteen Gotowork/university at 1020 Twentypastten HaveLunch 1.35pm Twenty fivetotwo Gohome 2.40pm Twentytothree Havedinner 6.45pm QuartertoSeven Gotobed/sleep 10.50pm TentoEleven 1 st Person Conjugation Iwakeupat Ihavebreakfastat Igotowork/universityat Ihavelunchat Igohomeat Ihavedinnerat Igotobed/sleepat 1. In pairs, ask each other about your daily routines. Write the answers on the next page. Forming a question Whattimedoyougetup? Whendoyouhavebreakfast/lunch/dinner? Whendoyougohome/touniversity/tobed/tosleep? 1

26 Followtheexamplesbelow,thentrytowriteoutyourownphrases: (Example) Carmelo getsupat 0830 hasbreakfastat goestoworkat 2. Listen to and read Maria s routine. Then answer the questions below the text. Maria: Inormallywakeupateighto clock.ihaveashowerthenihavebreakfast.ioften eatabowl of cerealandiusuallydrinkacupofcoffee.then, Igotoworkat thirty.ineverhavelunchbefore1o clockintheafternoon,becausei msobusy atwork.igohomeatseveno clock,andihavedinnerateight.ireadabookthen Igotobedatteno clockbecausei msotired. WhattimedoesMariawakeup? Whatdoesshehaveforbreakfast? WhydoesMarianeverhavelunchbefore1o clock? WhatdoesMariadobeforeshegoestobed? HowdoesMariafeelattheendoftheday? 2

27 Stefano: Igetupat10.30andnormallyhavetorunto catch the bus becauseiamalways running late. Iarriveatuniversityataround 11o clock.ihavealatelunchat3 o clockforacouple of hours. AfterlunchIgohometostudy.Ihavedinnerand thenget ready to go out. Imeetmyfriendsinthecitycentreuntil midnight whenigohomeandgostraight to bed. WhydoesStefanohavetoruntocatchthebus? WhendoesStefanogohome? WheredoesStefanomeethisfriends? Whatdoeshedowhenhegoesbackhomeatnight? 3

28 IL PRESENT Continuous Il Present continuous si forma con il presente di be seguito dal verbo in -ing. I am relaxing? he is relaxing? I verbi in -e perdono la -e quando si aggiunge -ing: like liking decide deciding write writing I verbi monosillabici che terminano con una consonante preceduta da una sola vocale raddoppiano la consonante quando si aggiunge -ing: sit sitting swim swimming dig digging I verbi in -ie cambiano -ie in -y. lie lying tie tying die dying Quando usiamo il Present Continuous? Per esprimere azioni che accadono al momento What are you doing? We are playing cards Per riferirsi a un'azione prossima nel futuro e già stabilita I am going to the beach tomorrow Con always quando ci si lamenta di azioni o situazioni ricorrenti e fastidiose You are always forgetting your keys!

29 Esercizi 1 Completa le frasi con il Present Continuous dei verbi tra parentesi adfsamfhdrinkdf /////////////////////fsomefmilk/ bdfyoufhnotfflistendf ////////////////////ftofmev cdfwhyfhyoufflookd////////////////////////fatfmeflikefthat? ddfmikefhnotffstaydf ////////////////////fatfthisfhotel/ edfyoufhsitdf ////////////////////////////////finfmyfplacev fdfwefhhavedf ///////////////////////////////fafgoodftime/ gdfifcan2tftalkfnow/fifhwashdf /////////////////////////////fmyfhair/ hdfwhofhtalkd/////////////////////////////? idfwhatfhyoufwritedf ///////////////////////? jdfitfhsnowd////////////////////////////fnow/ 2 Volgi le seguenti frasi alla forma interrogativa. adfi2mfmakingftoofmuchfnoise/f ////////////////////////////////////////? bdfhelenfisfreading/f /////////////////////////////////////////? cdfyoufarefhavingfafgoodftime/f ///////////////////////////////////////////? ddfitfisfsnowing/f //////////////////////////////////////////? edfyoufarefwaitingfinfthefrightfplace/f ////////////////////////////////////////? fdfyoufarefsittingfhere/f ///////////////////////////////////////////////? gdfdavidfisfenjoyingftheffilm/f ///////////////////////////////////////////? hdfthefbusfisfstopping/f //////////////////////////////////////////////? idftomfandfjimfarefstudying/f //////////// ///////////////////////? jdfthosefgirlsfarefspeakingffrench/f //////////////////////////////////////? 3 Da ogni coppia scegli la parola scritta correttamente. adfwriting/writtingf bdfhaving/haveingf cdfwasheing/washing

30 d) diging/digging e) lieing/lying f) riding/rideing g) takeing/taking h) readding/reading i) flying/flyeing l) decideing/deciding m) useing/using n) waitting/waiting 4 Scegli la soluzione corretta. a) Jean is swimming/swiming in the ppol at the moment. b) Why you are/are you putting on your coat? c) Hurry up! We're/Wer'e waiting for you. d) Clare not is/is not doing her homework at the moment. e) What you are/are you reading? f) Look outside! Its/It's raining! g) Paula is studying/studing economics in Germany. h) Bob is watching/is Bob watching television? i) I can't come now. I'm writting/writing a letter. j) Jack is'nt/isn't having a very good time. 5 Esprimi il futuro mettendo i verbi al Present Continuous a) What (you do)... this evening. b) I (not come)... to school tomorrow! c) Tina (go)... to Italy next week? d) (you have)... a party this week? e) We (not go)... home on the bus after school. f) (Mrs Simpson teach)... us today? g) Catherine and George (not arrive)... tomorrow. h) (Tom go)... to the football match tomorrow? i) Ann (not work)... on Friday j) (you leave)... this afternoon?

31 6 Compleata le frasi scegliendo tra i verbi elencati come cook do get go have leave meet stay work a) I've enjoyed my holiday here, but..... home tomorrow b) Mark a party on his birthday. c) Some friends... to stay with me next week. d)... anything tonight? Would you like to come to the cinema? e) What time... in the morning? Do you want me to take you to the airport? f) Don't forget. You... dinner this evening. It's your turn! g) I can't see you at I... some friends at that time. h) Helen and Mike... married in June. i)... tomorrow? Or have you got a free day? j) I haven't got any lessons tomorrow, so I... at home. 7 Traduci in inglese a) Io esco, tu vieni? b) Il Milan gioca a Liverpool mercoledì prossimo. c) Dov'è Philip? è in camera sua. Dorme d) Ciao, Bill. Che fai qui? Aspetti qualcuno? e) Stanno costruendo una chiesa nuova. f) Cosa fate domani sera? g) Tim mangia continuamente caramelle. h) Il direttore è fuori. Sta pranzando con Mr. Swan. i) Lisa parte la settimana prossima. j) Piove. Non hai un ombrello?

32 EDB Elementary Group WVL?. Present Simple ( The Abstract Present ) We use it to talk about: Habitual actions Emotions or thoughts Keywords: Adverbs of frequency Always. normally. usually. often. sometimes. hardly ever. never Once twice three times a day week month year Everyday. every week. every month. every year Structure: Affirmative: Subject I base form of verb ji play. you eat. he she it runs etcn+ Negative: Subject I do does I not I base form ji do not don t eat fish. He does not doesn t eat fish etcn+ Interrogative: Question word I do does I subject I base form jdo you play football? Does she go to school? EtcN+ Present Continuous ( The Concrete Present ) We use it to talk about: Actions that take place while we are speaking Temporary actions Keywords: At the moment. now Verbs that cannot be formed in the Present Continuous: State: be. cost. mean. fit. suit Possession: have. belong Senses: feel. hear. touch. taste. see Obligation: need Feelings: hate. hope. like. love. prefer. regret. want. wish Brain work: believe. work. know. understand Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer. ask. reply. say?

33 EDB ElementaryGroupW3L1 Structure Affirmative:Subject+be+gerund(verb+ing) (Iamplaying,Sheisplaying,Weareplayingetc.) Negative:Subject+be+not+gerund (Iamnotplaying,heisnotplayingetc.) Interrogative:Be+subject+gerund (AmIplaying?Aretheyplaying?) Exercises Present Perfect versus Present Continuous 1. Circle the correct form of the verbs A)Doyouusuallycycle/Areyouusuallycycling toschool? B)Ineed/amneedingsomecashtobuysomenewclothes C)Shehopes/ishopingshedoeswellinthistest D)OnThursday,weoftenaregoing/gotothecinema E)Mariaiswanting/wantstoimproveherEnglish F)Howoftenareyouplaying/doyouplayfootball? G)Howmuchdoesitcost/isitcosting? H)Whatdoyoudo/areyoudoingatthemoment? J)Sheiswanting/wantstoliveabroad K) Iamnotdoing/don tdoanythingatthemoment,hesays/issaying L)Iamnotknowing/donotknowtheanswertothisquestion M)Sometimes,theyeat/areeatingdinnertogether N)Doyou/areyoubelievinginGod? O)Henormallyisnotreading/doesnotreadthatmanybooks 2

34 EDB ElementaryGroupW3L1 2. Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or present continuous form. A)We (prefer)totravelbyplanethanbycar B) (Do)henormallyactlikethat? C)Ican ttalkrightnow,i (do)myhomework D)What (be)areyoudoingatthemoment? E) Whattimeisit? she (ask) It sfouro clock he (reply) F)I msorry,ican tcallyou,i (drive)atthemoment G) Howoften (you,go)outclubbing? H) (it,rain)atthemoment? I)I (go)skiingtwiceayear,inthewinter J)She (like,not)eatingmeat,she savegetarian K) (You,be)workingatthemoment? L) (You,be)busy? M) (They,be)goingclubbingtonight,theyhavetostudy. O) often (She,go)toUniversityby foot. 3

35 Gli Articoli Nomi senza articolo Di solito, i gruppi nominali che indicano categorie generali non sono preceduti dall'articolo the. Nomi plurali *Confronta Non numerabili *Confronta Dogs are not allowed in this shop I cani non possono entrare in questo negozio I like wild flowers Mi piacciono i fiori selvatici The Dogs next door bark all night I cani del vicino abbaiano tutta la notte Milk is good for you. Il latte fa bene I like still mineral water Mi piace l'acqua naturale minerale The milk on the top shelf is fat-free. Il latte sul ripiano in alto è senza grassi Questo gruppo comprende tra l'altro - Idee astratte War is a terrible thing - Alimenti I love chocolate. I don't like orange juice.

36 - Lingue Spanish is spoken by about 300 million people. -Materiali This chair is made of plastic and leather. - Verbi sostantivati Learning a foreign language is not a child's play. Luoghi ed edifici per I quali si intende la funzione che svolgono. *Confronta Ecco alcuni dei casi più frequenti: Jim is in prison Jim è in prigione My company is repairing the prison La mia ditta sta riparando la prigione be in/go to hospital, prison, bed, class, court, work, school, church, university, sea Nazioni, stati e città. be at home, go home Mary comes from France. Mary viene dalla Francia. Great Britain is a big island. La Gran Bretagna è una grande isola. N.B. Le nazioni che hanno un nome plurale o che comprendono più paesi sono precedute da the the Netherlands the Philippines the United Kingdom the USA Vie e strade. I bought this dress from a shop in Bond Street. Ho comprato questo abito in un negozio di Bond Street. N.B. Si usa the solo difronte a High Street (La strada principale di una città)

37 I nomi di persona anche preceduti da titoli. Carol Mr Parker Lady Coventry N.B. Si usa the solo con of: The minister of Communications I nomi dei pasti in generale Dinner is at 7.30 La cena è alle 7:30 Ma: At the end of the conference there was a dinner. Alla fine del convegno ci fu una cena The dinner they serve here is really fantastic La cena che servono quì è veramente eccellente. Nomi geografici We visited Lake Vittoria. It's in East Africa. Abbiamo visitato il lago Vittoria. È nell'africa orientale Mezzi di trasporto in generale We went there by bus/ by car/ by train. Ci siamo andati in autobus/auto/ treno. N.B. Ricordati che andare a piedi si dice: to go on foot L'articolo indeterminativo a/an L'articolo indeterminativo a/an si riferisce a un solo elemento, oppure a qualcosa di indefinito, non specificato.

38 I've got a brother and a sister Ho un fratello e una sorella Tim works in a factory Tim lavora in una fabrica Nelle descrizioni o definizioni generali si può usare a/an, oppure il plurale senza articolo. An ocelot is a wild animal, similar to a leopard. L'ocelot è un animale selvatico, simile al leopardo Ocelots are wild animals, similar to leopards. Gli ocelot sono animali selvatici, simili ai leopardi. Si usa a/an davanti ai nomi che indicano la professione o il carattere di qualcuno.. Peter is a fool! Peter è uno sciocco! Mary is an engineer. Mary è ingegnere.

39 Esercizi 1 Scegli la soluzione corretta: articolo o niente articolo a) Do you like an/---- orange juice?. b) Tom has got a/--- new leather coat. c) Kate teaches at a/--- in Leeds. d) Have you ever been to the/--- Italy? e) The/--- Chinese is a very difficult language. f) The/--- love is a wonderful thing! g) I'm tired. It's time to go to the/--- bed. h) Could you pass the/--- sugar, please? i) Harry comes from the/--- United States of America. j) We went to Scotland by a/--- car. 2 Inserisci a/an o the, oppure lascia uno spazio vuoto dove non va l'articolo. a) Where's....milk? I thought you bought some. b)... students must not leave the bags here. c) Paul went to....prison for stealing two cars. d) Is this chair made of...wood? e) It's much quicker on...foot. f) I wander what life was like in...ancient Rome. g) A large crowd welcomed...? h) The bus is stopping....president of the USA. i) Do you want......sugar in your tea? j) There has been a fire at...prison.

40 3 Elimina l'articolo dove non necessario. a) The English usually eat the lunch at about one o'clock. b) In the morning I usually drink milk. c) The teacher who taught us today speaks the English very well. d) Karen went to the USA by the plane. e) If we miss the last train we can take the bus. f) The table in the bedroom is made of the glass. g) The chocolate is on the top shelf in the cupboard. h) The parking is not allowed outside the school. i) The builders are still painting the school. j) The most important thing in life is the happiness. 4 Traduci in inglese a) Ti piacciono I bambini? b) Dove sono I bambini? A scuola. c) L'inglese è molto diverso dall'italiano. d) I cani e I cavalli sono molto intelligenti. e) Che cos'è quel vecchio edificio? L'università f) Non puoi comprare l'amore o l'amicizia. g) La prima colazione è un pasto importante in Gran Bretagna. h) Mia madre fa l'infermiera, lavora in ospedale. i) Hai mai visitato il castello di Windsor?

41 Prepositions of Place: at, in, on In general, we use: at for a POINT in for an ENCLOSED SPACE on for a SURFACE at in on POINT ENCLOSED SPACE SURFACE at the corner in the garden on the wall at the bus stop in London on the ceiling at the door in France on the door at the top of the page at the end of the road at the entrance in a box in my pocket in my wallet on the cover on the floor on the carpet at the crossroads in a building on the menu at the front desk in a car on a page Look at these examples: Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. The shop is at the end of the street. My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late. When will you arrive at the office? Do you work in an office? I have a meeting in New York. Do you live in Japan? Jupiter is in the Solar System. The author's name is on the cover of the book. There are no prices on this menu. You are standing on my foot. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.

42 I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions: at in on at home in a car on a bus at work in a taxi on a train at school in a helicopter on a plane at university in a boat on a ship at college at the top at the bottom in a lift (elevator) in the newspaper in the sky on a bicycle, on a motorbike on a horse, on an elephant on the radio, on television at the side in a row on the left, on the right at reception in Oxford Street on the way

43 ElementaryGroup EDBFutures The Futures Will Predictions It will rain tomorrow Barcelona will win the Champion s League FactsabouttheFuture The airport will be the biggest in Europe OffersandRequests I ll take you to the train station later if you want Will you help me with my English homework? (Note:1 st PersonSingularandPluraluse Shall :Shall I help you with your homework? Shall we take you to the airport?) Be going to Intentions This week I m going to do a lot of English homework For dinner tonight I m going to have some chicken FactsabouttheFuture The airport is going to be the biggest in Europe Present Simple for the future Timetables The train leaves at 6 o clock this evening Present Continuous for the future Arrangements I m meeting my boss for lunch tomorrow

44 ElementaryGroup EDBFutures Exercises The Will Future; Match the right solution with the problem: 1.I velostmywalleta)i llclosethewindow. 2.I mfreezingb)i llhelpyoufindit. 3.I msadc)i llopenawindow. 4.I vegotaheadached)i llmakeyouasandwich. 5.I mthirstye)i lllendyousomemoney. 6.Mybagsareveryheavy.f)I llgetyouanaspirin. 7.I mhungryg)i llmakeyousomecoffee. 8.I mveryhoth)i llgetyouadrink. 9.I mpoor.i)i llcheeryouup. 10.I mreallytired.j)i llhelpyou. Write (be going to) + the correct verb in the blanks below: sell ride buy start watch rain walk cook see study 1 Johndoesn'tlikedrivingsohe biketowork. 2 Helensoldherhouseandnowshe anotherone. 3 Wouldyouliketobuymybooks?I them tomorrow. 4 Georgehasanexamnextweek.He everydayuntil theexam. 5 I'mhungry.I cookingdinnersoon. 6 Thecloudsareblack.It. 7 That'sagoodmovie.I ittomorrow. 8 I'mnotgoingouttonight.I TV. 9 Canwehavelunchnow?Yes,I itinaminute. 10 Ourcarisatthemechanics.We totheparty tonight. Present Simple for the Future: Fillinthegapsusingthecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets

45 ElementaryGroup EDBFutures 1.Thetrain ateighto clocktomorrowmorning(leave) 2.Thefilm atnineo clockthisevening(start) 3.Whattime thematchstartonsaturday?(do) 4.When theflightfrommunichgetin?(do) 5.Tomorrow Wednesday(BE) Present Continuous for the Future: Afriendofyoursisplanningtogoonholidaysoon.Youaskaboutherplans.Use thewordsinbracketstomakeyourquestions. 1.(Where/go?) Scotland 2.(Howlong/gofor?) Tendays 3.(When/leave?) NextFriday 4.(Go/alone?) No,withafriend 5.(Travel/bycar?) No,bytrain 6.(Where/stay?) Inahotel. Mixed Exercises Puttheverbsinbracketsintotherighttense:futuresimple(shall/will),begoing to,presentsimpleorpresentcontinuous 1. Will:Whattime...(youreveningclass/finish)? Liz:Halfpastnine. Will:...(I/come)andcollectyou? Liz:Thanks,butI...(meet)mysisterforadrink. 2. SandyandAlisonarestudentswhohavebeensharingaflat.Sandyis leavingtodoacourseabroad. Sandy:It shardtosaygoodbyeaftersolong. Alison.Wemustkeepintouch...(you/remember) tosendmeyouraddresswhenyou...(get)tothestates? Sandy:Ofcourse.I...(probably/not/have)time nextweek,becausemycourse...(start)thedayafteri...(arrive),andi...(spend)theweekendwith someoldfriendsofmyfather s. Alison:Well,youcanphone. Sandy:Yes,Iguessso.Doyouknowwhatyou...(do)this timenextsunday? Alison:I...(get)readytogotoLondon. Sandy:OK.I...(phone)aboutthreeo clocknextsunday.

46 ElementaryGroup EDBFutures Alison:Great.I...(wait)foryourcall. 3. Ann:...(youtwo/go)out? Bill:Yes,why? Ann:It sjustsaidontheradiothatit...(snow). Bill:Oh,hasit?I...(take)mybigcoatthen. Joe:Goodidea.So...I. 4. Mike:Mum,...(you/talk)toDadforme? Mum:What stheproblem? Mike:LastweekhesaidIcouldusethecarattheweekendbutnowhe...(not/let)meafterall.IneedittogettothematchI...(play)onSunday. Mum:OK.I...(try)tomakehimchangehismind.Iexpecthe...(agree)whenIexplain. 1.Tomorrowthey...(drive)toNewYork. 2.Ihopetheweather...(be)nice. 3.Iofferedhimthisjob.Ithinkhe...(take)it. 4.IpromiseI...(nottell)anyonethissecret. 5.Takeyourumbrellawithyou.It...(rain). 6.Whatarethey...(do)thisevening? 7.I...(go)tothecinematomorrow. 8.They...(fly)toSeattlenextsummerholidays. 9.I...(invite)50peopletothepartyandIhopeeveryone...(come). 10.Thatexerciselooksdifficult.I...(help)you he...(go)tothefootballmatch? 12.Areyousurethey...(win)thematch? 13.Sheprobably...(stay)untilThursday. 14.He...(notleave)tomorrow. 15.Wethinkhe...(come)lateinthenight.

47 IL FUTURO (FUTURE) Forme: Will e Shall Questa struttura si costruisce con will seguito dal verbo all'infinito senza to. Forma affermativa: Jane will leave. Forma interrogativa: Will Jane leave? Forma negativa: Jane will not leave. Shall utilizza la stessa costruzione. Be going to Il futuro con be going to si costruisce con le voci di be + going + il verbo all'infinito. Jeane is going to learn to drive Jean ha intenzione di imparare a guidare Tim and Ann are going to travel abroad next year. Tim e Ann faranno dei viaggi all'estero il prossimo anno. Le forme negative e interrogative si applicano alle voci di be. Are you going to study? I am not going to study. Present Continuous (con significato di futuro) Il futuro con il Present Continuous si costruisce con le voci di be + il gerundio (forma in -ing) del verbo in questione. Are you doing anything on Friday evening? Fai qualcosa venerdì sera?

48 Uso del Futuro: Bewgoingwto-->esprimewintenzionewowunwfattowimminente-->wIwamwgoignwtowlearnwtowdrivew BewcarefulywWewarewgoingwtowcrashy PWillw/wshallw wprevisione,wrichiesta,wofferta,wvolontà,weventowprogrammatowdistantewnel futuro-->wwillwyouwhelpwme?w-wiwthinkwitwwillwrainwtomorrow-wiwwonstwletwyouwgow wtheywwill movewtowitalywnextwyear PShallw >wvienewusatowawvoltewconwlawprimawpersonewpluralewewsingolarewchiedendo cosawsiwdevewfarewowproponendowqualcosaw wshallwiwcomewwithwyou? PWillw wsiwusawsemprewconwdefinitely,wprobably,wperhaps,wowintrodottowdawiwthink,wi amwsure,wiwexpect Presentwcontinuous-->wazionewprogrammatawowinwaccordowrelativamentewvicinawnelwtempo. wiwamwworkingwtonightw wiwamwmeetingwherwparentswtomorrow

49 Esercizi 1 Riscrivi le frasi inserendo le parole indicate tra parentesi. a) I'll see you this evening. (perhaps)... b) You'll enjoy the play. (probably)... c) Kate won't mind. (definitely)... d) Our teacher won't notice. (perhaps)... e) I won't be here tomorrow. (definitely)... f) It'll rain later. (probably)... g) The train won't arrive on time. (definitely)... h) There won't be any lessons today. (perhaps)... 2 Riscrivi le frasi inserendo le espressioni indicate tra parentesi. a) It'll be cold tomorrow. (I'm sure)... b) We'll win. (I expect)... c) I'll leave now (I think)... d) Jim won't be late. (I'm sure)... e) It won't take long. (I expect)...

50 f) You won't have any problems. (I think)... g) You'll enjoy the party. (I'm sure)... h) They won't decide anything yet. (I think)... i) The weather won't change. (I expect)... j) The new rules won't make any difference. (I think)... 3 Riformula le frasi utilizzando le forme adatte di be going to a) Joe plans to buy a new computer.... b) We don't plan to play tennis this weekend.... c) Does Nick plan to join the sports club?... d) What are your plans for next summer?... e) Look! That tree is about to fall over!... f) Do you plan to work hard this year?... g) The forecast for tomorrow is rain.... h) Do Mike and Pat plan to make some sandwiches for the party?... i) I think it's about to snow... j) I don't plan to have a birthday party this year.

51 ... 4 Compleata le frasi scegliendo tra i verbi elencati come cook do get go have leave meet stay work a) I've enjoyed my holiday here, but..... home tomorrow b) Mark a party on his birthday. c) Some friends... to stay with me next week. d)... anything tonight? Would you like to come to the cinema? e) What time... in the morning? Do you want me to take you to the airport? f) Don't forget. You... dinner this evening. It's your turn! g) I can't see you at I... some friends at that time. h) Helen and Mike... married in June. i)... tomorrow? Or have you got a free day? j) I haven't got any lessons tomorrow, so I... at home. 5 Scegli la risposta o le risposte più adatte (tra A,B,C) a) Are you busy on Saturday evening? A I'm going to the cinema B I'll go to the cinema C I'm going to go to the cinema b) I need some help with the shopping A All right, I'm helping you B All right, I'll help you C All right, I'm going to help you c) We've got some great news for you A We're getting married

52 B We're going to get married C We'll get married d) Don't worry about the exam A I'm sure you're passing. B I'm sure you're going to pass. C I'm sure you'll pass. e) Pat has bought her ticket A She's leaving on Tuesday. B She's going to leave on Tuesday. C She'll leave on Tuesday. e) I have to leave early this afternoon A I'm going to the dentist's. B I'm going to go to the dentist's C I'll go to the dentist's. 6 Scegli l'espressione più adatta a) Do you have any plans for your birthday? Yes,... a party. 1) I'll have 2) I'm having b) I need some help with the shop tomorrow Don't worry,... 1) I'll help 2) I'm helping c) What... when you grow up and leave school? 1) will you do 2) are you going to do d) Are you coming to the football match on Saturday? Which teams...? 1) are playing 2) are going to play e) Don't carry all those heavy books. Some of the children... you. 1) will help 2) are going to help f) The doctor is on his way. He..... in 15 minutes. 1) will be here 2) is being e) I've got some good news. Ann... a baby. 1) will have 2) is going to have

53 g) I'm sorry I can't come to the lesson tomorrow my grandmother in hospital. 1) I'll visit 2) I'm visiting

54 Daily Routines and Free Time Key Vocabulary Wakeup/Getup 0800 Eighto clock HaveBreakfast 0830 Eightthirty Haveashower/bath 0915 Ninefifteen Gotowork/university at 1020 Twentypastten HaveLunch 1.35pm Twenty fivetotwo Gohome 2.40pm Twentytothree Havedinner 6.45pm QuartertoSeven Gotobed/sleep 10.50pm TentoEleven 1 st Person Conjugation Iwakeupat Ihavebreakfastat Igotowork/universityat Ihavelunchat Igohomeat Ihavedinnerat Igotobed/sleepat 1. In pairs, ask each other about your daily routines. Write the answers on the next page. Forming a question Whattimedoyougetup? Whendoyouhavebreakfast/lunch/dinner? Whendoyougohome/touniversity/tobed/tosleep? 1

55 Followtheexamplesbelow,thentrytowriteoutyourownphrases: (Example) Carmelo getsupat 0830 hasbreakfastat goestoworkat 2. Listen to and read Maria s routine. Then answer the questions below the text. Maria: Inormallywakeupateighto clock.ihaveashowerthenihavebreakfast.ioften eatabowl of cerealandiusuallydrinkacupofcoffee.then, Igotoworkat thirty.ineverhavelunchbefore1o clockintheafternoon,becausei msobusy atwork.igohomeatseveno clock,andihavedinnerateight.ireadabookthen Igotobedatteno clockbecausei msotired. WhattimedoesMariawakeup? Whatdoesshehaveforbreakfast? WhydoesMarianeverhavelunchbefore1o clock? WhatdoesMariadobeforeshegoestobed? HowdoesMariafeelattheendoftheday? 2

56 Stefano: Igetupat10.30andnormallyhavetorunto catch the bus becauseiamalways running late. Iarriveatuniversityataround 11o clock.ihavealatelunchat3 o clockforacouple of hours. AfterlunchIgohometostudy.Ihavedinnerand thenget ready to go out. Imeetmyfriendsinthecitycentreuntil midnight whenigohomeandgostraight to bed. WhydoesStefanohavetoruntocatchthebus? WhendoesStefanogohome? WheredoesStefanomeethisfriends? Whatdoeshedowhenhegoesbackhomeatnight? 3

57 Prepositions of Time: at, in, on We use: at for a PRECISE TIME in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS on for DAYS and DATES at in on PRECISE TIME MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS DAYS and DATES at 3 o'clock in May on Sunday at 10.30am in summer on Tuesdays at noon in the summer on 6 March at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec at bedtime in the 1990s on Christmas Day at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday at the moment in the past/future on New Year's Eve Look at these examples: I have a meeting at 9am. The shop closes at midnight. Jane went home at lunchtime. In England, it often snows in December. Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future? There should be a lot of progress in the next century. Do you work on Mondays? Her birthday is on 20 November. Where will you be on New Year's Day? Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions: Expression at night at the weekend* at Example The stars shine at night. I don't usually work at the weekend. I stay with my family at Christmas.

58 Christmas*/Easter at the same time We finished the test at the same time. at present He's not home at present. Try later. Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions: in in the morning in the mornings in the afternoon(s) on on Tuesday morning on Saturday mornings on Sunday afternoons in the evening(s) on Monday evening When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

59 IL PRESENT PERFECT Il)Present)Simple)si)costruisce)con)il)presente)dell'ausiliare)have)seguito)dal)participio passato)del)verbo.)la)forma)regolare)del)participio)passato)è)identica)a)quella)del)past simple)regolare)(-ed): Forma)affermativa I1have1decided1to1leave1tomorrow Forma1interrogativa: Have1you1decided? Forma1negativa: I1have1not1decided1/1haven't1decided. La)forma)irregolare)è)la)terza)voce)del)paradigma)dei)verbi)irregolare write) wrote) written Have1you1written1the1letter1yet? Fai)attenzione)l'ausiliare)è)sempre have/has e)non are/am/is.)si)dice: The1bus1hasn't1arrived1yet e)non The1bus1isn't1arrived1yet Quando usiamo il Present Perfect? Quando)ci)riferiamo)ad)azioni)che)sono)cominciate)nel)passato)e)che)continuano)nel presente: I1have1lived1here1for1101years.

60 I've often seen Jim with his dog in the park. Quando un'azione o situazione passata è senza riferimenti a un tempo determinato: Helen has broken her pencil. Per riferirsi a un'azione appena conclusa I have just finished eating Per parlare di esperienze: Have you been to Spain? I have been to Barcelona. Have you seen that movie? Il Present Perfect si usa con i seguenti avverbi: yet--> I haven't seen it yet just--> I have just done it. never --> Pat has never been to Italy. ever--> Have you ever played tennis? already--> I have already written the letter. So far --> How many pages have you written so far? Il Present Perfect si usa spesso con i seguenti avverbi: often--> I have always loved you always--> I have often visited Spain. Il present perfect può spesso essere confuso con il past simple perchè entrambi si traducono spesso con il passato prossimo in italiano Have you seen the film Armageddon? Hai visto il film Armageddon?

61 Did you see the film last night? Hai visto il film ieri sera? Di solito si usa il Past Simple quando ci si riferisce a un tempo completamente trascorso (when, what time, yesterday, last week, two days ago, etc..) When did you arrive in Prague? I arrived here in September two years ago. Si usa il past simple anche nei racconti e per parlare di fatti storici o remoti (passato remoto italiano): There was someone in the corridor. Inspector Davis moved quietly towards the door, switched off the light and listened. Exercises 1 Scegli la soluzione corretta. 1. Tim hasn't finish/ hasn't finished his homework yet. 2. What has David decided/ have David decided to do? 3. You have seen/have you seen the new film about Napoleon? 4. I haven't been/ haven't be very well lately. 5. Have you ate yet/ have you eaten yet? 6. Helen have done/ has done a lot of work today. 7. Has there been / has there be any phone-calls for me? 8. The lights have gone/ have go out. What has happen/ has happened?

62 2 Completa le frasi con la forma del present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi 1. What's the matter? (You cut) yourself? 2. The ship (not sink), but it's in a dangerous condition. 3. (Your sisters write) to you yet? 4. I (have) a headache ever since lunchtime. 5. Nadia (never see) any Chinese films. 6. Someone (steal) Mr Grant's bike 7. My brothers are tired because they (not sleep) all night. 8. I am afraid we (just break) your window. Sorry! 9. David (not win) a prize this time, I'm afraid. 10.(you ever eat) Spanish food? It's great! 3 Completa la seconda frase con il present perfect del verbo indicato mantenendo il significato della prima. 1. Do you have any more homework to do? (do) Have...your homework? 2. Brian isn't here. (leave) Brian Sue goes to a different school now. (change) Sue... school. 4. Martin isn't a child any more. (grow up) Martin I'm writing my third letter at the moment. (already write) I... two letters. 6. This is not my first visit here. (be) I... before. 7. Is your dog still missing? (find) Have..... yet? 8. Bill is still reading my book. (finish) Bill... yet. 9. I have never seen Stonehenge before. (see) This is the first time I... Stonehenge. 10. Jane isn't at home at the moment. (go out) Jane... 4 Completa le frasi con le espressioni di tempo elencate.

63 Yet never since (2) often ever never already so far just always 1. Carlos has lived in the city centre Thanks for the present! I've... wanted a pet goldfish.! 3. Have you... drunk pineapple juice? It's fantastic! 4. I've... heard some fantastic news! I've passed my exams! 5. Harry up! Haven't you finished...? You are a slow-coach! 6. This is my first pet frog. I've... had one before 7. I've... been on a big ship before. It's an interesting experience 8. We're very busy today... we've sold over a hundred bikes. 9. I've... passed this building, but this is the first time I've been inside. 10. Can I have a different book? I've... read this one. 5 Metti i verbi al Past Simple o al Present Perfect. 1. Where (you go)... for your holidays last year? 2. I can't play any more. I (just hurt)... my foot. 3. Jane is a famous writer, and (write)... over fifty books. 4. Sorry, I( not finish)... my letters yet. 5. I (miss)... the end of the film last night. What (happen)...? 6. I (lose)... my keys on Monday but I (find)... them on Tuesday. 7. We had a great party last week. Who (you, invite)...? 8. Where (you, meet)... Sam? At the sports centre? 9. Juventus (not play)... very well last Sunday. 10. (you, see)... my ruler? It was here a moment ago. 11. Tina isn' t here. She (just go)... to school. 12. What time (you get up)... this morning? 13. Paul (have)... a bad car accident three years ago. 14. I ( live)... in the same house since What (you do)... last night? 16. Brian (not finish)... his work yet. 17. Tina (arrive)... here in (you see)... Hidden Danger? It' s a really interesting film. 19. Oh no! I (forget)... my keys! 20. When ( Mary leave)...?

64 EDB ElementaryGroup PrepositionsofTime Article1:Prepositionsoftime:Since/For For+ period Aperiodisadurationoftime,forexample:5minutes,2weeks,6years.Formeans "fromthebeginningoftheperioduntiltheendoftheperiod."forcanbeusedwith alltenses. Since+point Apointisaprecisemomentintime,forexample:9o'clock,1stJanuary,Monday. Sincemeans"fromapointinthepastuntilnow."Sinceisnormallyusedwithperfect tenses. FOR SINCE for20minutes forthreedays for6months for4years for2centuries foralongtime forever 1 since9am sincemonday sincejanuary since1997 since1500 sinceileftschool sincethebeginningoftime Exercises 1.Fillinthegapswiththecorrectpreposition A)Ihavebeenatthiscompany 20yearsnow,Ireallyloveit here B) howlonghaveyoulivedthere? C)TheUniversityhasbeendeliveringexcellence itwas foundedin1901. D) Ileftwork,Ihavehadmoretimetospendwithmy family. E) threedaysjamesdidnotleavethehouse F)Mygrandparentswalk twentyminuteseveryday. G)Wehavebeendating alongtime

65 EDB ElementaryGroup H)Myteacherhasbeensick lastmonday I)Istudiedforthetest twowholeweeks J)Wherehaveyoubeen?Ihavebeencallingyou halfan hour K)Thatladyhasbeenwaitingforthebus noon. L) sheleftcollege,shehasbeenworkingatthelocal restaurant M)Myfamilyhaslivedhere lastmarch N)Nextyear,I mgoingtotravelling sixmonths O)I mreallytired,i vebeenawake 5o clockthismorning 2.SoloWork Write5phrasesusing Since,and5phrasesusing For. Article2:PrepositionsofTime:In,On,At In On At Years DaysoftheWeek Time Months SpecialDays Night Seasons Dates TheWeekend PartsoftheDay* SpecialOccasions (*Exception:Atnight) Exercises 1.Writethecorrectprepositioninthegapbelow: 1. Isawher Christmas 2. Igoshopping Monday 3. Theleavesfallfromthetrees autumn 2

66 EDB ElementaryGroup 4. Thetrainleaves aquarterpastthree 5. Whatdoyounormallydo Christmasday? 6. Hewasborn 3 rd July, ,ItalywontheWorldCup 8. Igetupearly themorningtogotowork 9. Sunday,wealwaysgotoChurch 10. Sheoftengoesout night 11. Ithappened Sheoftengoesout Fridaynight 13. IntheUK,itrainsalot Spring 14. Igetup 7am 15. Theclassis TuesdaysandThursdays 2.Nowwriteyourownsentences.Trytoincorporateasmanytimeprepositionsasyoucan: Article3:PrepositionsofTime:During/While During Duringisused: Tosaywhensomethinghashappened,althoughitdoesnotspecifyforhowlong. Beforeanounoraphrase While Whileisused: 3

67 EDB ElementaryGroup Beforeasubjectandverb Todescribetwoactionsthatarehappeningatthesametime Exercises Completethephrasesbelow: 1. Iwascookingdinner Giorgiowastalkingonthephone 2. Thechildrenwereasleep thefilm 3. thesecondworldwar,manypeoplewerekilled 4. Iwaswalkingthroughtheforest,Iheardanoise 5. Iambusy themorning,butiwilltrytocallyouintheafternoon 6. shewasgettingreadyforbed,giuliarealizedthatshehadleftthelighton 7. Nobodyspoke thepresentation 8. Hefellasleep themeeting 9. Somebodystolemybag Iwaslisteningtomymusic 10. Thedogwasbarking IwastryingtowatchTV 11. Pleasedon tsmoke I meating 12. Batssleep theday 13. Hekepttryingtotalktome Iwasreading. 14. Wegetplentyofsnowhere thewinter 4

68 Reading Material Passage 1 Hundreds of superficial pop stars have been satisfied with fame and fortune but material success was never going to satisfy John Lennon. Part of John s unworldly philosophy was, ironically, voiced on his penultimate album Double Fantasy, when he sang: Life is what happens to you when you re busy making other plans. In John Lennon s case, death happened while he was making other plans to live. John Lennon wrote the above words for Beautiful Boy, a song to his son Sean, fifteen years after talking in an interview about his boredom with life as a Beatle, when he d gained weight, gained money, but somehow lost himself. Within a year of that interview, John s life changed dramatically when he met Yoko Ono. As husband and wife, and artists who were both competitive and compatible, they began a journey unheard of for a pop star. Eventually they captivated millions. At first disliked, rather unfairly, as the woman who broke up The Beatles, taking cuddly John from the world, Yoko Ono, with John s help, was eventually accepted by even the fiercest critics. And few will forget their musical message of peace and love, one that everybody understood, but few articulated so well. In a life that touched millions with its honesty and style, John Lennon was the victim of many myths. Chief among these was that he was an uncaring rock n roller with little compassion. The reverse is true, as his music always demonstrated. As one critic put it, Although John Lennon died at forty, his music may well live for ever. Passage 2 An eight-year-old British boy will become one of the UK's youngest ever undergraduates when he begins a degree course in astronomy at Raglan University. In his first year he will complete a standard introductory course. Once he has finished that, the next five years will be spent at home studying the same course work as his adult contemporaries who are instead obliged to follow lectures and go to seminars. The only time he is likely to meet his fellow students will be during exams. On the surface, Ian Thomas is like any other normal eight-year-old. Of course, he reads a lot for his age but he also plays children's games outdoors with his five-year-old brother, Robert. His favourite toy, however, is a telescope given to him by his grandmother on his sixth birthday. The Thomases live in a remote farmhouse in North Wales. The nearest shop is a 15-minute drive away and their closest neighbour lives 10 miles down the road. They have no TV so there is plenty of time to read and learn. Rosalind Thomas, Ian s 37-year-old mother, used to be a secondary school teacher and has taught both boys at home since they were first able to talk. She said that Ian is one of the most enthusiastic students she has ever known. "He's always asking me for more lessons, even on Sundays when I sometimes want to take a day off. Ian s reply to that was quite clear. "I just love lessons," he said. "And when mum says that is enough for the day, I complain that there's time for just a bit more."

69 Passage 3 Set up in the USA in the thirties, InterHome, the first home exchange programme, was brought to Europe around 30 years ago. Thousands of satisfied members have now tried this unique travel concept - one exchange at a time. Swapping homes makes perfect financial sense because it cuts out hotel expenses - suddenly any destination is affordable! What s more, you are guaranteed a fascinating cultural experience. What better way to improve your language skills as you shop in local markets, chat with the neighbours and completely immerse yourself and your family in another culture's lifestyle?home exchanges mean being at home while on holiday - families take good care of each other s property and keep the house clean and tidy, which means taking out the rubbish, hoovering and dusting as well as other household chores. They at times have other responsibilities such as feeding pets or watering plants. When you decide on an exchange, you will at first get to know your partners through correspondence and telephone calls. This is important to ensure that you know you will be staying in the home of people you know - and they will be staying in yours. InterHome has a database of thousands of home exchange offers from families like yours in most European countries. Our members enjoy the most up-to-date value-for-money home exchange service there is. Our flexible and user-friendly system is designed to help you find and select the perfect exchange partner. And to make sure those of you with limited access to the Internet don t miss out, we publish two full colour catalogues per year. Our representatives live in your country, operate in your language and customize our services to your culture. They are there to answer your questions personally (by or by phone/fax). When you make contact with your national organizer, you make contact with someone who lives in your country and speaks your language. Call now for an appointment (click on contact us at the bottom of this page) or fill in our online form to request further details. Passage 4 According to a survey recently carried out by British company Telewest Broadband, The art of conversation is dead but the art of chatting is becoming extremely popular, with a great many Britons admitting that they rarely talk about anything more serious than traffic and television. The survey questioned over 2,000 adults with the majority admitting to regularly chatting at the expense of weighty dialogue, even though most of them secretly long for more meaningful exchanges. The survey also found that despite the cultural stereotype, the British weather is no longer an acceptable item of small talk. Preferred items are last night s TV, office gossip and traffic. Three experts have commented on the results. Brits have lost the skill of conversation too much chatter means we keep our thoughts to ourselves, says Ronald Carter, professor of English at Nottingham University. Serious communication has been the first victim of our rushed, modern lives. We can t communicate reflectively when we re in a hurry so we resort to banal talk we don t make the effort to explore conversational depths. However Dr Jonathon Miller, neuroscience researcher, TV presenter and author, claims that big conversation bores him. Conversation, he says, is hardly an art. I m interested in turn-taking in conversation and how people respond to various topics, rather than what those topics are. Third spokesman Lem Sissey, a leading black writer, says in his turn that talk about traffic and patio doors is the Western Buddhist mantra. Small talk, he says, is far more fascinating than big talk. I truly respect those who can discuss carpets for half an hour and get something out of it, he says.

70 The survey also discovered that two-thirds of those interviewed believe the telephone is the best means of having an intelligent conversation at which result many non-participants rushed to express their own personal hatred of telephones. You just can t win, commented Telewest Broadband.

71 Verbi Irregolari Infinito Passato Participio Traduzione abide abode abode stare arise arose arisen sgorgare awake awoke awoken svegliare bear bore borne sopportare beat beat beaten battere become became become diventare begin began begun cominciare bend bent bent curvare, piegare bet bet bet scommettere bid bid bid fare un'offerta bind bound bound legare bite bit bitten mordere bleed bled bled sanguinare blow blew blown soffiare break broke broken rompere breed bred bred allevare bring brought brought accompagnare build built built costruire burn burnt burnt bruciare burst burst burst scoppiare buy bought bought comprare cast cast cast lanciare (un dado) catch caught caught ottenere (prendere) choose chose chosen scegliere cling clung clung afferrare come came come venire cost cost cost costare creep crept crept strisciare cut cut cut eliminare, tagliare deal dealt dealt gestire (trattare) dig dug dug scavare do did done fare draw drew drawn tirare dream dreamt dreamt sognare

72 drink drank drunk bere drive drove driven guidare dwell dwelt dwelt dimorare eat ate eaten mangiare fall fell fallen cadere feed fed fed nutrire feel felt felt sentire fight fought fought combattere find found found trovare flee fled fled fuggire fling flung flung lanciare (con forza) fly flew flown volare forbid forbade forbidden vietare forget forgot forgotten dimenticare forgive forgave forgiven perdonare freeze froze frozen ghiacciare get got got ottenere, diventare give gave given dare go went gone andare grind ground ground macinare grow grew grown produrre (coltivare) hang hung hung appendere have had had avere hear heard heard udire hide hid hidden nascondere hit hit hit percuotere, colpire hold held held tenere hurt hurt hurt fare male keep kept kept conservare kneel knelt knelt inginocchiarsi know knew known sapere lay laid laid stendere lead led led condurre lean leant leant piegare (inclinare) leap leapt leapt saltare

73 learn learnt learnt imparare leave left left partire (andar via) lend lent lent prestare let let let lasciare lie lay lain sdraiarsi light lit lit illuminare lose lost lost perdere make made made fare, realizzare mean meant meant significare meet met met incontrare mow mowed mown falciare overcome overcame overcome sopraffare pay paid paid pagare put put put mettere quit quit quit smettere read read read leggere rid rid rid liberare da ride rode ridden andare in, cavalcare ring rang rung suonare rise rose risen alzarsi run ran run correre saw sawed sawn segare say said said dire see saw seen vedere seek sought sought cercare sell sold sold vendere send sent sent mandare set set set fissare sew sewed sewn cucire shake shook shaken scuotere shear sheared shorn tosare shed shed shed spargere shine shone shone brillare shoe shod shod ferrare i cavalli shoot shot shot sparare

74 show showed shown mostrare shrink shrank shrunk ridursi shut shut shut chiudere sing sang sung cantare sink sank sunk affondare sit sat sat sedersi sleep slept slept dormire slide slid slid scivolare slink slunk slunk sgattaiolare slit slit slit tagliare smell smelt smelt sentire odore sow sowed sown seminare speak spoke spoken parlare speed sped sped accelerare spell spelt spelt scandire spend spent spent spendere spill spilt spilt versare spit spat spat sputare split split split spaccare spoil spoilt spoilt guastare spread spread spread espandere spring sprang sprung rimbalzare stand stood stood stare in piedi steal stole stolen rubare stick stuck stuck appiccicare sting stung stung pungere stink stank stunk puzzare stride strode stridden avanzare a grandi passi strike struck struck colpire strive strove striven sforzarsi swear swore sworn giurare sweep swept swept spazzare swell swelled swollen gonfiare swim swam swum nuotare swing swung swung dondolare

75 take took taken prendere teach taught taught insegnare tear tore torn lacerare tell told told dire, raccontare think thought thought pensare throw threw thrown gettare, slanciare thrust thrust thrust ficcare, forzare tread trod trodden calpestare undergo underwent undergone subire understand understood understood capire upset upset upset preoccupare wake woke woken svegliarsi wear wore worn indossare weave wove woven tessere weep wept wept piangere win won won vincere wind wound wound serpeggiare withdraw withdrew withdrawn ritirarsi wring wrung wrung torcere write wrote written scrivere Piccadilly Catania