REDUCING POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN I.R.IRAN

Transcription

1 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN JIHAD-E-AGRICULTURE MINISTRY REDUCING POSTHARVEST LOSSES IN I.R.IRAN by: Roughiah Sokoutfar Senior expert Agro Industry bureau 8 th Meeting of Agriculture Working Group 13th October 2016 ANKARA - TURKEY 1

2 Outline Agriculture Agricultural production Postharvest system postharvest losses Rice post harvest losses citrus postharvest losses vegetable post harvest losses challenges Suggestions Apperciation

3 Iran -Terrain Rugged, mountainous, high central basin with desert mountains small discontinuous plains along both coast Climate Mostly arid or semiarid,subtropical along Caspian coast Elevation extremes Lowest point: Caspian sea 28m Highest point:kuhe-damavand,5671m 3

4 Iran Agriculture Arable land: 51 million ha Cultivated lands: 20 million ha Two main mountains: Zagros, Alborz Elevation: -28 to 5610 m Temperature: -30,-20 to 55⁰c Agriculture accounts for 16% of Iran s GDP and 25% of its non-oil exports 85-90% Food sufficiency

5 Agricultural products Superior products..cont 10/14/2016 5

6 Agriculture Production(2015) products Amount (million tons) Annual crops 78 Orchard products 17 Livestock & poultry 14 Honey fishery total 110 Reported by ministry of jihad-e-agriculture in 2007(APERI)

7 Superior products row Name of product 1 Citrus 2 apple 3 grape 4 date 5 Pomegranate 6 saffron 7 pistachio 8 Raisin 9 Medical herbs 10 barbbery 11 caraway 7

8 Preference of Superior Products World Ranking Iran is the third raisin exporter to 100 countries Iran is the first saffron producer Iran is the 7 th -9 th grape exporter 40%of green caraway is produced in Iran Iran is the first barberry producer Iran is the second date producer Iran is the first pomegranate producer 10/14/2016 8

9 Post harvest systems The post-harvest system encompasses a sequence of activities and operations that can be divided into two groups 1) Technical activities: harvesting, field drying, threshing, cleaning, additional drying, storage,processing 2) Economic activities: transporting, marketing, quality control, nutrition, extension, information and communication, administration and management

10 Main elements of the postharvest system Harvesting Pre-harvest drying Transport Post-harvest drying Threshing Storage Processing Marketing

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12 Post harvest losses The expression "post-harvest losses" means a measurable quantitative and qualitative loss in a given product. These losses can occur during any of the various phases of the post-harvest system From an economic point of view, the sum of the losses in quantity and quality of the products inevitably means losses of money.

13 Global Postharvest losses

14 Global Rice losses

15 Postharvest losses of rice in Iran harve st threshing Drying quantitati ve losses Broken rice 0.6% 0.5% 6% 4% 22%

16 Renewing &reforming rice milling project as the best practice There are more than 3000 rice mill as post harvest units that paddy is dried, processed, packed and stored. Most of them have old machinery with low technology with high processing losses The programme is done with the aim of reducing qualitative and quantitative losses in the line of processing in the provinces that have rice milling mostly in north of Iran

17 New technology & equipments in modern rice millings

18 The outcome of the project 600 rice mill are modernized with new machinery, modern drier & new equipment ex,color sorter ton whole rice was added with $ price. Qualitative losses was reduced as 5%

19 The other actions done in reducing post harvest losses Improvement the milk chain and modernizing the processing milk factories with added value products Good practice in contract farming as supplier the raw material to processing units,such as Rojintak co in Kermanshah,Daland co in Golestan provinces with added value products

20 The other actions done in reducing post harvest losses Sabzane co in Tehran province that produce different dried vegetable & food products 20

21 Fresh Produce Management & Logistics in Iran:Present Scenario

22 Postharvest of pomegranate

23 Orange Postharvest Problems (Citrus sinensis L.)

24 Pre-harvest problems: Biotic factors Abiotic factors Cultural practices 24

25 Diseases Biotic factors Genotype Pests 25

26 Abiotic factors Climate: Temperature, humidity, precipitation (rain, snow, hail, ), radiation, wind Edaphic: Chemical fertilizers, salinity (EC), ph, soil microflora Nutrition 26

27 27

28 Postharvest decay One of the most important problems Factors of orange postharvest decay: Penicillium italicum (Blue mold) Penicillium digitatum (Green mold) Fusarium spp. Alternaria citri 28

29 Cultural practices Poor knowledge of farmers Lack of modern technologies 29

30 Harvest problems: Tools Labor: cost, skill, availability, gender, health considerations Horticultural Maturity Time of day for harvest: Early morning in a sunny day 30

31 Postharvest problems: Transportation Pre-cooling Grading and sorting Washing Waxing Packaging Storage condition 31

32 Major problems for orange Fungal decay : Postharvest: (fungicide), heat treatment, biological control (Debaryomyces hansenii) Chilling injury: Preharvest: Warming, Wind machine, cold resistant genotypes Postharvest: Optimum temperature of storage (5 C), Air circulation Mechanical injury: Preharvest: Suitable harvesting methods Postharvest: Packaging and transportation 32

33 Fungicide treatment Heat treatment 33

34 Flow chart of orange postharvest operations Harvest Transportation Grading/Sorting Washing & disinfestation Waxing Packaging Distribution 34

35 Flow chart of Orange Post-harvesting Harvest Transportation Grading/Sorting Washing &disinfection Waxing Packaging labeling Export 35

36 Postharvest-Transportaion of the products

37 Grape Post harvest

38 Raisin production

39 cont

40 post harvest losses in a vegetables processing factory

41 Fresh Produce Logistics Handling both in the farms and Medians - manually mostly by untrained labor. Therefore heavy losses Most of the risk in supply chain is that of farmer

42 Fresh Produce Logistics Buyers and farmers both should pay for the losses in supply chain. Farmers often made to sell produce at low rates and do not get fair share

43 Fresh Produce Logistics An estimated $ 35 Billion of annual waste in perishable goods is considered the biggest challenge and source of enormous opportunities for governments and private companies to differentiate themselves in market place.

44 Fresh Produce Logistics Industrial experts say that an astonishing % of fruits and vegetables harvested in Iran don t make it suitable for the consumers, because of poor logistics and temperature control management. Losses are twice as estimated in the Netherlands and in other European Union countries

45 Major Challenges Wonder why fresh produce like iceberg lettuce can t be purchased/exported year round at premium prices and with good quality Why a fruit or vegetable prematurely spoils after buying Chances are that these unfortunate realities are linked to the lack of proper refrigeration along the supply chain, as well as handling and packaging At all stages, manpower involved in logistics and marketing is not fully aware of produce requirements, leading to loss in quality and value Limited expertise available in the country in orchard care and post-harvest management

46 Major Challenges Rural infrastructure is poor, affecting transport Pre cooling is considered to be the most important unit operation Transport conditions of the vehicles -tents/covers.

47 Major challenges Inadequate two-way dialog between government &stakeholders Poor decision by all participants Poor basic infrastructure affecting production planning & postharvest infrastructure Inappropriate &lack of adequate technology Low level of organization

48 Major challenges Small and scattered nature of cultivation Inability to initiate & sustain linkage with international markets

49 What needs to be done Preferably using fully air conditioned sorting / grading /packing facility to retain best quality at all stages. Grading, Sorting and Packing on automatic lines. Facility for mechanized packing for both Retail and Bulk.

50 What needs to be done

51 Suggestion Establishment HACCP system in production chain Establishment the GHP &GMP practice in post harvest steps Education the post harvest labor Supporting the agri food producers

52 Thank you